CN103707478B - 微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法 - Google Patents

微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN103707478B
CN103707478B CN201310689541.5A CN201310689541A CN103707478B CN 103707478 B CN103707478 B CN 103707478B CN 201310689541 A CN201310689541 A CN 201310689541A CN 103707478 B CN103707478 B CN 103707478B
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CN103707478A (zh
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何业明
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NINGBO MECAI AUTOMOBILE INNER DECORATION CO Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0025Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/1703Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould
    • B29C45/1704Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould the fluid being introduced into the interior of the injected material which is still in a molten state, e.g. for producing hollow articles
    • B29C45/1706Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould the fluid being introduced into the interior of the injected material which is still in a molten state, e.g. for producing hollow articles using particular fluids or fluid generating substances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/77Measuring, controlling or regulating of velocity or pressure of moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/78Measuring, controlling or regulating of temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C2045/0096Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor drying the moulding material before injection, e.g. by heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76531Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76551Time
    • B29C2945/76565Time pause, wilful interruption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/58Upholstery or cushions, e.g. vehicle upholstery or interior padding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法,制备步骤包括:首先将聚丙烯原料置于50‑60℃温度下烘干1.5‑4小时;将烘干后的聚丙烯原料加入注塑机的注塑螺杆内在220‑250℃下加热熔融;向注塑螺杆内熔融状态的聚丙烯原料中注入临界状态的氮气,氮气注入压力在6‑8MPa;熔融状态的聚丙烯与临界状态的氮气进行半融洽得到混合料;通过注塑机的螺杆挤压把混合材料注入温度为50‑80℃模具内,混合材料的注射压力为45‑75Mpa,然后在45‑75Mpa保压1‑50min,然后使得所得注塑零件自然冷却,模具开模取件,清理零件辅助用料即得汽车门板或内饰柱。

Description

微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车门内饰板或内饰柱制备方法技术领域,具体涉及一种微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法。
技术背景
目前,汽车上的门内饰板或内饰柱,主要材料为聚丙烯(PP)材料,主要采用注塑成型工艺制备,但是这种传统的制备方法制备出的汽车门内饰板或内饰柱由于是实心结构,会造成零件密度大,材料重的缺陷;而且,为了满足使用强度,必须采用相对较多的原始pp材料注塑成型才可以,造成原材料的大量消耗增加成本;此外,由于是实心板材,用料量大,在材料注塑成型的冷却过程,材料收缩很容易在零件表面形成缩痕、凹坑;而又由于缩痕、凹坑的存在,使得其周围材料应力比较集中从而又产生亮度(即颜色明显比门板零件其他部位的颜色更亮),造成制备的零件表面存在表面缩痕、凹坑、亮点(发白)和变形等缺陷,严重影响产品的质量。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种表面无缩痕、凹坑、亮点和变形等缺陷,有效保证产品质量的微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱材料的方法,制备步骤包括:
(1)将聚丙烯原料置于50-60℃温度下烘干1.5-4小时,以去除水分等影响产品质量的杂质;
(2)将步骤(1)烘干后的聚丙烯原料加入注塑机的注塑螺杆内在220-250℃下加热熔融;
(3)向步骤(2)注塑螺杆内熔融状态的聚丙烯原料中注入临界状态的氮气(临界状态的氮气是指:氮气温度降到-146.9℃以下,压力达到3.2978MPa以上),氮气注入压力在6-8MPa;熔融状态的聚丙烯与临界状态的氮气进行混合得到混合料;
(4)通过注塑机的螺杆挤压把步骤(3)的混合料注入温度为50-80℃的模具型腔内,混合料的注射压力为45-75MPa,然后在模具型腔内45-75MPa下保压1-50min,使得所得注塑零件自然冷却,模具开模取件,清理零件辅助用料即得汽车门板或内饰柱。
本发明原材料烘料用数字烘箱,烘料温度精度±5℃;注塑机螺杆设定温度与实际温度精度±10℃,由注塑机热感应器控制;氮气转化用液化储气罐及增压泵进行液化和增压,温度控制精度是±3℃,压力控制精度±0.1MPa,用压力表和温度计控制;氮气注入压力用气体压力表控制,精度要求±0.1MPa;注射压力用注塑的螺杆及压力表控制,液压表精度要求±0.1MPa,模具的温度加热用模温机,模温机的精度±5℃;模具表面的温度用点温计,精度要求±0.5℃;产品的厚度用0-150的游标卡尺测量,精度要求是0.02;零件重量用电子称控制重量(电子称可用范围0-3000Kg),精度要求±0.5g,并且要求全检。
氮气控制:所述临界状态的氮气在注塑螺杆加入聚丙烯原料的过程中注入,注入的动作与螺杆开始加料后的0.5-1.5秒的时间内开始注入,到注塑螺杆加入完成前的1秒内注氮气结束,注氮气的量与螺杆的聚丙烯原料质量比例是30-45:100。
设备要求:注塑机的螺杆要求螺杆强度高,用硬质耐磨螺杆,螺杆能符合PPT材料等注塑,螺杆内储压力要求达到150Mpa以上,螺杆在储料口增加一个氮气注入机构,并且要求螺杆与料筒的密封性。
氮气液化储存罐,要求可以制冷,温度可以达到-220℃,储存压力能达到12Mpa压力,储存容量要求达到0.5立方以上,氮气储存罐与螺杆连接要用高压不锈钢管,耐压在12MPa以上,并配置高压气压表和液压表;
模具要求:模具上要增加溢料结构,模具材料要求高硬度材料,可选用进口的2738和718材料;
本发明的优点和有益效果:
1.本发明方法制备的汽车门板或内饰柱零件,零件能承受的压力为150N,微发泡的零件可以承受180N以上的力,并且对人体安全方面起到间接受力,增加对人体的保护;由于注入氮气,在制备过程氮气以微小汽包的方式释放,在材料内部产生均匀微小的气泡孔,由于孔与孔之间厚度均匀、因此门板或饰柱的厚度落差均匀,在材料冷却收缩过程由于气泡的存在,气孔拉大并有部分向外扩散将门板或饰柱表面顶起不内陷。因此,零件的表面缩痕得到解决,不易产生表面缩痕缺陷;零件表面发亮,发白问题可以得到解决。
2.本发明方法制备的汽车门板或饰柱零件,由于板材内部有大量的微小气泡孔,从而降低了零件的整体重量,用料量少,节省材料降低成本。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,但本发明不仅仅局限于以下实施例。该领域的技术熟练人员根据本发明内容对本发明作出的一些非本质的改进和调整仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例
制备步骤包括:
(1)首先将聚丙烯原料置于50-60℃温度下烘干2小时,以去除水分等影响产品质量的杂质;
(2)将步骤(1)烘干后的聚丙烯原料加入注塑机的注塑螺杆内在220-250℃下加热熔融;
(3)向步骤(2)注塑螺杆内熔融状态的聚丙烯原料中注入临界状态的氮气(氮气温度降到-146.9℃以下,压力达到3.2978MPa以上),氮气注入压力在6-8MPa;熔融状态的聚丙烯与临界状态的氮气进行半融洽得到混合料;
(4)通过注塑机的螺杆挤压把步骤(3)的混合材料注入温度为70-80℃模具内,混合材料的注射压力为70-75MPa,然后在70-75MPa保压5min,然后使得所得注塑零件自然冷却,模具开模取件,清理零件辅助用料即得汽车门板及或饰柱。
本发明原材料烘料用数字烘箱,烘料温度精度±5℃;注塑机螺杆设定温度与实际温度精度±10℃,由注塑机热感应器控制;氮气转化用液化储气罐及增加泵进行液化和增加,温度控制精度是±3℃,压力控制精度±0.1MPa,用压力表和温度计控制;氮气注入压力用气体压力表控制,精度要求±0.1MPa;注射压力用注塑的螺杆及压力表控制,液压表精度要求±0.1MPa,模具的温度加热用模温机,模温机的精度±5℃;模具表面的温度用点温计,精度要求±0.5℃;产品的厚度用0-150的游标卡尺测量,精度要求是0.02;零件重量用电子称控制重量(电子称可用范围0-3000Kg),精度要求±0.5g,并且要求全检。
氮气控制:所述临界状态的氮气在注塑螺杆加入聚丙烯原料的过程中注入,注入的动作与螺杆开始加料后的0.5-1.5秒的时间内开始注入,到注塑螺杆加入完成前的1秒内注氮气结束,注氮气的用量与螺杆的聚丙烯原料质量比例是45:100。
设备要求:注塑机的螺杆需要特殊改造,要求螺杆强度高,用硬质耐磨螺杆,螺杆能符合PPT材料等注塑,螺杆内储压力要求达到150Mpa以上,螺杆在储料口增加一个氮气注入机构,并且要求螺杆与料筒的密封性。
氮气液化储存罐,要求可以制冷,温度可以达到-220℃,储存压力能达到12Mpa压力,储存容量要求达到0.5立方以上,氮气储存罐与螺杆连接要用高压不锈钢管,耐压在12MPa以上,并配置高压气压表和液压表;
模具要求:模具上要增加溢料结构,模具材料要求高硬度材料,可选用进口的2738和718材料。
对上述所得零件样品进行压力测试(行业常规技术),零件能承受的压力可以达到180N以上。

Claims (1)

1.一种微发泡制备汽车门内饰板或内饰柱的方法,其特征在于:制备步骤包括:
(1)将聚丙烯原料置于50-60℃温度下烘干1.5-4小时,以去除水分;
(2)将步骤(1)烘干后的聚丙烯原料加入注塑机的注塑螺杆内在220-250℃下加热熔融;
(3)向步骤(2)注塑螺杆内熔融状态的聚丙烯原料中注入临界状态的氮气,氮气注入压力在6-8MPa;熔融状态的聚丙烯与临界状态的氮气进行混合得到混合料;
(4)通过注塑机的螺杆挤压把步骤(3)的混合料注入温度为50-80℃的模具型腔内,混合料的注射压力为45-75MPa,然后在模具型腔内45-75MPa下保压1-50min,使得所得注塑零件自然冷却,然后开模取件即得汽车门内饰板或内饰柱;所述的临界状态的氮气为氮气温度降到-146.9℃以下,压力达到3.2978MPa以上的氮气;所述临界状态的氮气在注塑螺杆加入聚丙烯原料的过程中注入,注入的动作于螺杆开始加料后的0.5-1.5秒的时间内开始注入,到注塑螺杆加入完成前的1秒内注氮气结束,注氮气的量与螺杆的聚丙烯原料质量比例是30-45:100;螺杆内储压力要求达到150MPa以上,螺杆在储料口增加一个氮气注入机构。
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