CN103696790A

CN103696790A - Shear type expansion anchor rod and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN103696790A
Application number: CN201410014781.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裴志胜; 裴春光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-02-19
Filing date: 2014-01-13
Publication date: 2014-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 2034-01-13
Also published as: CN103696790B; CN203655328U; CN103104270A

Abstract

The invention provides a shear type expansion anchor rod which can be effectively applied to anchoring or reinforcing or fixing of loose and unstable layers in the engineering of tunnels, slope protection, foundation pits, dams, exploitation and the like, and an application method thereof. The shear type expansion anchor rod comprises a lug-containing nut support the upper part of which is hinged with expansion plates, and a screw rod matched with the lug-containing nut support, wherein the top end part of the screw rod is a cambered surface or semispherical head; the cambered surface or semispherical head on the top end part of the screw rod is contacted with the inner side corner of a bevel plane on the lower end part of each expansion plate; the inner side corner of the bevel plane on the lower end part of each expansion plate can be directly driven to continuously push each expansion plate to strut in a shear form towards an outer side by rotating the screw rod; a support plate and a nut matched with the support plate are sleeved at the lower end of the screw rod. The shear type expansion anchor rod has the advantages of simple and skilful structure, easiness in machining and manufacturing, convenience and reliability in use and low machining cost.

Description

Scissors expansion anchor rod and application thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of anchor pole in anchoring field, a kind of scissors expansion anchor rod specifically, with and application process.

Background technology

In the project implementing process such as mine, tunnel, bank protection, foundation ditch, dam, with the loosening unstability layer of bolt anchorage, become a kind of application trend, existing anchor pole comprises following a few class:

1. expansion tubing anchor pole, the shell class that rises anchor pole, this type of anchor pole due to self fault of construction cause the opening degree of rock bolt head expanding end and the dynamics after rigidity and distending limited, so can not expand reliably fixed or sealed with anchoring matrix elastic region or the realization of stable state strong layer, uplift resistance is poor, and suspention and clamping force are not strong;

2. in order to make up above-mentioned defect, there is again grouting class anchor pole, note compression swelling class anchor pole, this type of anchor pole is by some loosening or debris layer being conspired to create to one and by slurry blind and the overall friction that increases anchor pole and anchoring matrix hole wall, realize so-called " compound beam " or " arching ", this type of way is is sheerly shirkd the heavy work and choose the light, the suspention foundation on country rock top and the dependence foundation of lateral wall (foundation is exactly matrix elastic region or stable state strong layer) have been fallen into disuse, even so, enable to look to so-called " compound beam " or " arching " generation effect, so loosening or debris layer string all-in-one-piece clamping force are still required the opening degree of anchor pole expanding end and rigidity strong and powerful, otherwise the nut of anchor pole afterbody cannot tighten up them, anchor pole can only play the effect of " pin ", cannot effectively realize " compound beam " or " arching " effect,

3. in order to solve the solidification problem of rock bolt head, people have developed again bonding adhesive method, it is evident that, the thing of bonding adhesive class cannot substantive " taking root " problem that solves anchor pole, that is: cannot make the solid and reliable fixed or sealed of rock bolt head and matrix elastic region or stable state strong layer, particularly suspention or the permanent anchoring for country rock top maybe must embody the anchoring effect getting instant result, and bonding adhesive needs curing time, and the familiar lacunas such as harshness requirement of bonding adhesive to applied environment, in moist or soft sand stone layer or unclean etc. the situation of hole cleaning, cannot use glue caking agent at all, the negative reaction that bonding adhesive occurs for the difference of application and service life is still more still unpredictable,

For make up can not " take root " or " taking root " unreliable, people have taked again by increasing bolt consistency, allowing weight or the displacement force of loosening layer share on more anchor pole, so just greatly increased labour intensity, operating efficiency and construction speed have been reduced, integrated cost greatly rises, but " taking root " problem of anchor pole does not still solve, just in so-called " compound beam " or " arching " region, some " pins " have been beaten at most more, cure the symptoms, not the disease, make bad also can disturbance or destroy the stabilized zone of periphery.

In sum, no matter adopt which kind of anchor pole to carry out anchoring, rock bolt head expansion arc when work must be strong and powerful, solid and reliable " taking root " in anchoring matrix elastic region or stable state strong layer, could realize anchoring truly, otherwise just may bury potential safety hazard.

The inventor provide a kind of in ZL201220376229.1 Chinese patent disclosed shear expansion bolt, it comprises with the fixture of expansion piece and impeller, described impeller coordinates with fixture and can be along the axis coaxle of fixture to movement; The top ends of described expansion piece and fixture is hinged, the bottom of this expansion piece has an inclined-plane towards impeller, impeller top ends can contact with the inclined-plane of expansion piece bottom, and along the slope driving expansion piece of expansion piece bottom, expansion piece is strutted as scissors to the outside of impeller; Wherein, described fixture can adopt a band ear snail bar or lug nut bearing, described expansion piece can adopt two expansion rods or expansion oplate, and these two expansion rods or expansion oplate are articulated with between the both sides of the gripper shoe of ear snail bar or two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing; Described impeller be one with the nut mating with ear snail bar, or the screw rod mating with lug nut bearing, swivel bolt or screw rod can make its inclined-plane along expansion rod or expansion oplate bottom directly promote two expansion rods or expansion oplate to strut laterally respectively.

This shear expansion bolt has the expansion piece of a beveled end by setting, expansion piece and fixture is hinged, the beveled end that is promoted expansion piece by impeller struts laterally, thereby making expansion piece realize scissors struts, anchoring or locking have been realized extremely easily, and can realize significantly and strutting because of corresponding expansion piece, its anchored force is extremely strong, therefore, this shear expansion bolt can be widely used in porous building-brick body of wall, solid brick wall, cob wall, concrete structure, wooden structures, anchoring on the various closely knit or cellular matrixes such as plastic construction, and effectively eliminated the defect of existing all kinds of anchoring pieces.

But still be necessary above-mentioned shear expansion bolt to improve, make its application more extensive, it is more convenient to use, especially for the surrounding rock supporting anchoring in mining, anchoring or the reinforcing of loosening unstability layer in the engineerings such as tunnel, bank protection, foundation ditch, dam, and highway, railway, bridge, water conservancy, communication, military project, build, construct, the anchoring in the engineerings such as steel structure, finishing, heat-insulation system or fixing.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention, is to provide a kind of anchoring or reinforcing or fixing scissors expansion anchor rod that can effectively be applied to loosening unstability layer in the engineerings such as tunnel, bank protection, foundation ditch, dam, exploitation.

The present invention includes upper articulation has the lug nut bearing of expansion oplate, and the screw rod mating with lug nut bearing, the top ends of described screw rod is cambered surface or hemispherical head, the top ends cambered surface of described screw rod or hemispherical head contact with the inner side corner angle on inclined-plane, expansion oplate bottom, and rotary screw can make its inner side corner angle along inclined-plane, expansion oplate bottom directly continue promote expansion oplate as scissors, to strut laterally; In the lower end of described screw rod, be set with a supporting plate and one supporting nut with it, the cancave cambered surface that establish supporting plate bottom, described nut top is provided with the convex globoidal suitable with supporting plate bottom cancave cambered surface.

It should be stressed, the stress point that the present invention promotes expansion oplate is to drop on symmetrically on the diameter line of screw rod end cambered surface or hemispherical head, the cooperation that requires two expansion oplates or monolithic expansion oplate to be inlaid between the gripper shoe of lug nut bearing is to move closely cooperation, lasting promotion like this or stressed be powerful and vigorous, expansion oplate side direction is supported resistant to bending very competent, the anchor mechanism that is different from existing expansible anchor firmware completely, this is also ingenious part of the present invention.

The present invention is by arranging supporting plate and matching nut as tightener, when carrying out anchoring operation, easily loosening when anchoring matrix, or surface is slightly during out of plumb anchoring hole, after supporting plate is fully tightened up by nut, its supporting plate periphery also can be close to anchoring matrix surface makes it stressed evenly.Meanwhile, if implement grouting when anchor rod anchored simultaneously, supporting plate can play good sealing function.

In addition, center hole position on supporting plate cancave cambered surface is provided with along the upwardly extending limit of screw rod outer peripheral face wall, this supporting plate bottom centre hole can be embedded in anchoring hole place in consistent manner along upwardly extending limit wall part, anchor pole effective between two parties, while being especially in the milk anchoring, grouting slurry can be uniformly distributed around anchor pole periphery, significantly improves anchoring effect.

Secondly, the limit portion of described supporting plate is upturned, can make supporting plate further have elastic buffer effect and can bring out the best in each other with the elastic buffer effect of described expansion oplate, realizes the dynamic equilibrium of anchor system of the present invention.

For further strengthening anchoring, tighten up stability, on the concave surface of described supporting plate and the convex surface of nut, locking decorative pattern or tooth can be set respectively.

In order to meet grouting anchoring needs, in the inside of described screw rod, grout hole is set vertically, in screw rod periphery, some slurry outlets are set.When punching grouting upward or slip casting anchoring, can also be on screw rod segmented sheathing elasticity slurry seal back-up ring, in the lower end of screw rod, set up a seal cover.So the weight of slurry can be shared on each back-up ring, in case slurry integral body to stay upper end blank.

In order to meet note, press the needs of anchoring, can be in the stage casing of described screw rod fixed note compression swelling pipe, the slightly thin or strip fold slightly of the tube wall at note compression swelling pipe two ends.Like this, the distribution of the expansion power of the expansion tube after note is pressed is to be " dumbbell " shape, and so energy Automatic-clamping or fixing loosening layer, strengthened anchored force.

Friction while promoting expansion oplate for screw rod is rotated is stressed more reasonable, guarantee the upper end cambered surface of screw rod and property at parts of edges and corners inside the inclined-plane, lower end of expansion oplate to contact promotion be smooth, inwall in the gripper shoe of lug nut bearing arranges respectively limited post, and described limited post is arranged at the relative direction that expansion oplate struts direction; Certainly, also can R chamfering be set by corner angle inside the inclined-plane, lower end at expansion oplate, with capable of reducing friction resistance.

In addition, in the upper end cambered surface of screw rod, ratchet is set, the direction of rotation when direction of set ratchet point advances with screw rod is contrary, by corner angle interlock inside the inclined-plane, bottom of ratchet and expansion oplate, realizes self-locking.

For stable state strong layer, for further increasing anchoring stability, make expansion oplate there is with stable state strong layer the effect that elasticity is fixed or lock after scissors strut, anchored end or the anchoring section of described expansion oplate have elasticity, the anchored end of expansion piece or anchoring section can be made to the shape with elastic buffer effect, the inclined-plane, bottom that is about to described expansion oplate replaces with cancave cambered surface or convex globoidal, simultaneously by described expansion oplate anchoring face be set to corresponding cancave cambered surface or convex globoidal, form elasticity anchoring face.The cross curvature of elasticity anchoring face should be close with the curvature of anchoring hole wall, and can be to its heat treatment.

What need here to further illustrate is, described have an elastic buffer effect, refer on the one hand when impeller advances, the power that expansion piece struts is that elasticity increases progressively, so just can not make stable state strong layer impaired because of excessively strong expansion force, refer to that on the other hand the duty after expansion anchoring is also in flexible, like this when anchorage zone occurs to wriggle, by the common elastic buffer of expansion piece and tightener, realized the self adaptation of anchor pole and anchoring matrix, and anchor pole and anchor pole and the dynamic equilibrium of (anchor system) each other of anchoring matrix, make anchoring effect in optimum state, can also give warning in advance and avoid occurring fragility cave in simultaneously.

In order to reduce costs, expansion oplate of the present invention can also be replaced with to trousers shape expansion oplate, this trousers shape expansion oplate comprises two dihedral expansion oplates connected in upper end, in the connected part in described upper end, is provided with opening hinge hole, be connected part in short transverse attenuation gradually, and there is elasticity.

In order to be applicable to the anchoring of soft anchoring matrix, the anchored end of described expansion oplate is hinged with movable supporting leg, to increase anchoring stress surface.

Meanwhile, also can on the anchoring section of expansion oplate or the anchoring face of movable supporting leg, anti-skid design or tooth be set, or fixed flexible resistance to compression anti-skid wearable material, anchoring strengthened.

In order to be applicable to more high-intensity anchoring, at the fixed gap bridge in upper end of two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing, this is passed a bridge as taper, and this makes two gripper shoes more firmly firm, meanwhile, can directly squeeze into or press in the softer anchoring matrix of people.

The expansion oplate being inlaid in lug nut bearing is that one end is that arc one end is the special-shaped expansion oplate of bevel, this abnormity expansion oplate have extremely strong strutting encircle into and locking resistance to plucking ability, when strutting the special-shaped expansion oplate encircleing into anchoring hole wall and be in the duty of " individual " font of opening, two expansion oplate has the auto-lock function of pulling out, tightlier or the more outward drawing screw rod that screw rod is twisted, the amplitude that expansion oplate is opened is larger, it is darker that expansion plate arch enters anchoring hole wall, when reaching maximum softened state, the arc tips of its special-shaped expansion oplate outer middle side part is the bottom surface that is resisted against gap bridge, the duty of anchor pole is just as " T " font, its anchoring or locking resistance to plucking ability reach maximum.

For preventing that expansion oplate from inwardly rotating, the cambered surface end of special-shaped expansion oplate is provided with spacing plush copper, when this spacing plush copper is leaned on mutually with gap bridge bottom surface, limits special-shaped expansion oplate and inwardly rotates; Anti-skid design or tooth can also be set on the lateral surface of special-shaped expansion oplate.

More convenient in order to use, omit punch out step in advance, in the upper end of lug nut bearing, drill bit is set, described drill bit is connected with gap bridge, so the present invention directly can be pierced in anchoring matrix by self-cutting.Meanwhile, in order to facilitate drill bit punching not interfere with each other with strutting anchoring operation, at the matching part of screw rod and lug nut bearing, self-locking device is set.Two kinds of structural concepts are specifically provided:

The first scheme: described self-locking device is included in the lock tongue cavity of the upper side setting of screw rod, dead bolt and stage clip are installed in lock tongue cavity, stage clip is arranged on the rearward end of dead bolt, the front of dead bolt external part is provided with slip cambered surface, dead bolt has stopper slot on middle part, and limited screw carries out spacing through stopper slot to dead bolt turnover distance; Meanwhile, at the inwall of lug nut bearing, corresponding to the setting position of self-locking device, the perpendicular inclined-plane of a projection is set; When screw rod is rotated in the forward while entering lug nut bearing, the slip cambered surface on dead bolt is forward revolved to be slid in lug nut bearing; When screw rod reverse rotation, stage clip ejects dead bolt, and the back side of dead bolt external part leans with the protruding perpendicular inclined-plane being arranged on lug nut bearing inwall, makes lug nut bearing and the rotation of screw rod synchronous backward.In other words, derotation screw rod, dead bolt stretches out lock tongue cavity outward and locks lug nut bearing realizes boring; Dextrorotation screw rod, dead bolt is squeezed in lock tongue cavity, and screw rod backs down expansion oplate and realizes anchoring.

In order to reach the object of the present invention of reusing with self-locking device, upper side at lug nut bearing arranges assembling screw, on assembling screw, return spring is installed, the lower end of return spring is pressed in the lateral surface of expansion oplate, the back side of dead bolt is provided with little slip cambered surface simultaneously, make part beyond the upper end, perpendicular inclined-plane of dead bolt and projection mutually by time can self-locking, by return spring, expansion oplate is set back.Simultaneously, the upper end, perpendicular inclined-plane of projection is provided with spacing between the lower end of the expansion oplate under softened state not, in dead bolt is squeezed into lock tongue cavity, after screw rod precession one segment distance, can normally promote expansion oplate struts laterally, screw rod precession one segment distance described here refers to this segment distance to expansion oplate lower end Zi protruding upper end, perpendicular inclined-plane, this segment distance is free travel, be exactly that screw rod upper end comprises that dead bolt is neither to back down expansion oplate in the turnover of this segment distance, also not self-locking, the expansion oplate when guaranteeing to reuse resets.

First scheme: two sides of described screw rod upper end have ratchet slot, the lower end joint face of two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing is provided with swing lock tongue cavity, swing dead bolt and be inlaid in swing lock tongue cavity, be arranged at the side pressure spring of its sidepiece to swinging inside thrust of dead bolt; Derotation screw rod, swings dead bolt and stretches out and be locked in the ratchet slot of screw rod upper end, makes screw rod synchronize and rotate and realize boring with lug nut bearing; Dextrorotation screw rod, swings dead bolt and is squeezed in swing lock tongue cavity, and screw rod and lug nut bearing are thrown off, and screw rod backs down expansion oplate and realizes anchoring.

Described being rotated in the forward (dextrorotation) or reverse rotation (left-handed) are set according to anchoring position, in general, adopt reverse rotation for convenience of smoothly when anchoring is implemented in top, and other employings are rotated in the forward.

By self-locking device is set, the present invention directly can be pierced in anchoring matrix by self-cutting, be conducive to increase work efficiency, reduce anchoring cost.

Further again, if to there being reaming anchoring requirement at the bottom of the hole of anchoring hole, lateral surface that can described expansion oplate is set to have the edge of a knife shape of cutting function.When accelerating the reverse rotation speed of screw rod, expansion oplate is owing to being subject to the effect of powerful centrifugal force, expansion oplate is thrown away to both sides, when throwing away, the edge of a knife of expansion oplate lateral surface cuts facing to the sidewall of position, anchor hole bottom, thereby realized at the bottom of anchor hole from reaming, so, the expansion oplate being backed down by screw rod is locking or is anchored at reaming region, strengthened " taking root " effect of expansion oplate, anchoring engineering for permanent or higher standard is worth doing like this, certainly, can also to it, implement grouting or slip casting or note again presses.

In addition, in order to adapt to the needs of general anchoring engineering, can make further designs simplification to the present invention, lug nut bearing and riveting axle are whole, riveting axle is amesiality, the opposite side of lug nut bearing is provided with by wall, the opening expansion oplate that its interior expansion oplate of setting-in is monolithic, hinge hole on this opening expansion oplate is opening shape, the hinge hole opening part of opening expansion oplate and riveting axle interference fit, the inclined-plane, inner side of opening expansion oplate is resisted against by the upper end of wall and inwardly rotates with restriction opening expansion oplate, simultaneously, the top ends of described screw rod is provided with hemispherical head, bottom is provided with installation countersunk head and replaces tightening up nut, the lower end cover of screw rod has platen to replace supporting plate, platen bottom surface is provided with and the concave surface of countersunk head being installed being mated.During assembling expansion oplate, only the hinge hole opening part of expansion oplate suitably need be exerted pressure and just can be realized assembling facing to riveting axle; When screw head precession lug nut bearing, by wall, abut against screw head one side and make it along axis coaxle to movement, and the inclined-plane, inner side that promotes expansion oplate struts it laterally.

If desired, the opening expansion oplate of monolithic can also be transformed to multi-disc, the riveting axle of a plurality of hinged expansion oplates is distributed on the periphery of lug nut bearing, the opening expansion oplate of monolithic is arranged on respectively on corresponding riveting axle, in screw head precession lug nut bearing, back down a plurality of opening expansion oplates, a plurality of expansion oplates strut to surrounding outside simultaneously simultaneously, and then realize a plurality of expansion oplates and be anchored at hole wall surrounding.Here also it should be added that, screw rod upper end hemispherical head can be made tack, because this head is to lean with the oblique angle plane of expansion oplate, rather than leans with the corner angle of expansion oplate.

The invention still further relates to the application process of above-mentioned scissors expansion anchor rod.

The first application process, for fence upright, comprises the following steps: the reserved installing hole that guardrail is installed on screw rod; At ground preboring anchor hole and by scissors expansion anchor rod, insert anchor hole, or directly scissors expansion anchor rod is pierced or be pressed in ground; Precession screw rod, struts expansion oplate scissors; Tighten up the nut on screw rod, by the anchoring of scissors expansion anchor rod on the ground; Guardrail is connected with connecting bolt with screw rod.The method can be installed for the guardrail of speedway and high-speed railway, time saving and energy saving, and easy for installation firm.

The second application process, anchoring or the reinforcing for foundation ditch or bank protection or dam body by the present invention, preboring anchor hole scissors expansion anchor rod is inserted in anchor hole on anchoring matrix, or scissors expansion anchor rod directly directly pierces or is pressed in anchoring matrix by drill bit self-cutting, expansion oplate scissors are strutted and anchoring or be locked in the closely knit robust region of anchoring matrix, tighten up nut, just completed anchoring of the present invention or strengthening construction.Here supplementary notes, when anchoring matrix is closely knit soil, can adopt king-size expansion oplate, emphasize " taking root " effect.

The third application process, surrounding rock supporting for anchoring tunnel or tunnel or mining, its anchoring matrix comprises loosening layer, ductile bed and strong layer, comprise the following steps: at anchoring matrix preboring anchor hole and by scissors expansion anchor rod, insert anchor hole, or scissors expansion anchor rod directly directly pierces loosening layer, ductile bed until strong layer by drill bit self-cutting; Precession screw rod, struts expansion oplate scissors, and is anchored at strong layer region; Finally tighten up nut, complete anchoring operation.The method can effectively realize anchoring and " take root ", and anchoring support is simple and reliable, simultaneously detachable.

For above-mentioned the third application process, for further improving the permanent of anchoring, can after being anchored at strong layer region, implement scissors expansion anchor rod grouting or slip casting, namely scissors expansion anchor rod is implemented to grouting or the slip casting anchoring after high-strength prestressed anchoring.

Also can adopt the scissors expansion anchor rod with note compression swelling pipe, at scissors expansion anchor rod, be anchored at behind strong layer region, note compression swelling pipe be implemented to note and press, the anchoring combining to realize scissors expansion anchoring and note compression swelling anchoring.

The 4th kind of application process, for simple and easy anchoring, comprises the following steps: first prebored hole on anchoring matrix and fixation; Scissors expansion anchor rod is penetrated in boring; Precession screw rod, struts expansion oplate scissors and realizes anchoring.

Simple and ingenious structure of the present invention, easily processing and manufacturing, easy to use and reliable, low processing cost, easily realize industrialization, by expansion oplate, as scissors, strut, strut amplitude large, anchored force is extremely strong, a kind of principle, multiple pattern, required precision to anchoring hole is low, can self-cutting or self tapping or expand the end or hammering or static pressure, can reuse, can also realize grouting and note pressure, the most important thing is that it has thoroughly solved " taking root " problem of anchor pole, it is not only for the surrounding rock supporting of mining, also be widely applicable for tunnel, bank protection, foundation ditch, anchoring or reinforcing and the highway of loosening unstability layer in the engineerings such as dam, railway, bridge, water conservancy, communication, military project, building, construct, steel structure, finishing, anchoring in the engineerings such as heat-insulation system or fixing, also comprise and expand application, really realized the safe and reliable and general value of scissors expansion anchor rods.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, be described further:

Fig. 1 is the positive facade structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 2 is the side elevation structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 3 is the A-A generalized section of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation under the embodiment of the present invention 1 scissors softened state;

Fig. 5 is that the upper end cambered surface part of screw rod of the present invention is inlaid in the schematic diagram on screw rod by inlaying pin;

Fig. 6 of the present inventionly inlays latch structure schematic diagram with cambered surface end;

Fig. 7 is the positive facade structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2;

Fig. 8 is the side elevation structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2 under scissors softened state;

Figure 10 is the positive facade structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 3;

Figure 11 is the side elevation structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 3;

Figure 12 is the B-B place cross-sectional view of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is the local structure for amplifying schematic diagram in the side, I place of Figure 11;

Figure 14 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 3 under scissors softened state;

Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that lock tongue cavity is set on screw rod top of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the shape schematic diagram of the expansion oplate with spacing plush copper of the present invention;

Figure 17 is that the axle of dead bolt of the present invention measures intention;

Figure 18 is the embodiment of the present invention 4 structural representations;

Figure 19 is the embodiment of the present invention 5 structural representations;

Figure 20 is the positive facade structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 7;

Figure 21 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 7 under softened state;

Figure 22 is opening expansion oplate schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 23 is that lug nut bearing of the present invention and riveting axle are linked to be whole schematic diagram;

Figure 24 is that the present invention is applied to support the structural representation that guardrail anchoring is installed;

Figure 25 is embodiment one structural representation that the present invention is applied to anchoring support tunnel or tunnel;

Figure 26 is embodiment two structural representations that the present invention is applied to anchoring support tunnel or tunnel;

Figure 27 is enforcement formula three structural representations that the present invention is applied to anchoring support tunnel or tunnel;

Figure 28 is the screw-rod structure schematic diagram with note compression swelling pipe 47 of the present invention;

Figure 29 is with the rounding state schematic diagram of movable supporting leg on the expansion oplate of single angle of the present invention;

Figure 30 is with the open mode schematic diagram of movable supporting leg on the expansion oplate of single angle of the present invention;

Figure 31 is with the open mode schematic diagram of movable supporting leg on of the present invention pair of angle expansion oplate;

Figure 32 is the shape schematic diagram with the expansion oplate of elastic buffer effect of the present invention;

Figure 33 is the anchoring status schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to building insulating layer or decorative layer;

Figure 34 is the positive local structure for amplifying schematic diagram in the II place of Figure 10;

Figure 35 is the structural representation of the second self-locking device scheme of the present invention;

Figure 36 is anchoring of the present invention or is locked in the view in anchoring hole;

Figure 37 is anchoring of the present invention or is locked in the view outside anchoring hole;

Figure 38 is that a plurality of opening expansion oplate of the present invention is inlaid in the softened state schematic diagram on multiaxis lug nut bearing;

Figure 39 is anchoring or its support reinforcement view that the present invention is applied to foundation ditch or bank protection or dam body;

Figure 40 is trousers shape expansion oplate shape schematic diagram of the present invention.

In figure: 1-expansion oplate, 2-riveting axle, 3-screw rod upper end cambered surface, 4-lug nut bearing, 5-screw rod, 6-grout hole 7-supporting plate, 8-convex globoidal, 9-nut, 10-screw rod lower end square toes, 11-cancave cambered surface, 12-slurry outlet, 13-limited step 14-passes a bridge, 15-abnormity expansion oplate, 16-inlays pin, 17-limited post, 18-drill bit, the perpendicular inclined-plane of 19-projection, 20-limited screw, 21-screw counterbore, 22-slip cambered surface, 23-lock tongue cavity, 24-stage clip, spacing plush copper on 25-expansion oplate, the threaded gap bridge of 26-, 27-expansion oplate anchored end, the spacing special-shaped expansion oplate of 28-, 29-dead bolt, 30-stopper slot, the little slip cambered surface of 31-return spring 32-, 33-is with the gap bridge of drill bit, 34-is by wall, 35-hemispherical head, the lug nut bearing of 36-tape spool, 37-embedding nut, 38-links screw rod, 39-platen, 40-riveting axle, 41-opening expansion oplate, 42-installing hole, 43-guardrail, 44-setscrew nut, 45-ground, 46-gap bridge bottom surface, 47-note compression swelling pipe, 48-has the expansion oplate of elastic buffer effect, 49-movable supporting leg, the loosening layer of 50-, 51-ductile bed, 52-strong layer, 53-anchoring matrix, 54-insulation layer or decorative layer, 55-swings dead bolt, 56-side pressure spring, 57-ratchet slot, 58-swings lock tongue cavity, 59-joint face, 60-gripper shoe, 61-connecting screw, 62-anchoring hole, 63-is by anchor, 64-anchoring face, the 65-side spring that rises, 66-hex bolts, 67-multiaxis lug nut bearing, 68-foundation ditch or bank protection or dam body, 69-trousers shape expansion oplate, A1-self-locking device.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

As shown in Fig. 1,2,4, the present invention includes a lug nut bearing 4 and a screw rod 5 mating with lug nut bearing 4, lug nut bearing 4 has two gripper shoes that are oppositely arranged, and gripper shoe top arranges hinge hole, installing riveting axle 2 in hinge hole; Two expansion oplates 1 merging are inlaid between two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing 4, and hinged by riveting axle 2 and gripper shoe; Screw rod upper end cambered surface 3 contacts with the inner side corner angle on the inclined-plane, bottom of two expansion oplates 1, and precession screw rod 5 can make it along the inner side corner angle on the inclined-plane, bottom of expansion oplate 1, promotes two expansion oplates 1 and struts laterally respectively.The distribution of the stress point of the promotion expansion oplate is here to drop on symmetrically on the diameter line of screw rod end cambered surface or hemispherical head, the projection line of two merging faces that expansion oplate merges is mutually to drop on the diameter line of screw rod end cambered surface or hemispherical head in other words, such promotion or stressed be that continue and powerful and vigorous, expansion oplate side direction is supported resistant to bending very competent, this cooperation that just requires two expansion oplates to merge between two gripper shoes that are inlaid in lug nut bearing is to move closely cooperation, rather than what give free rein to, slack and undisciplined thing.

As shown in Fig. 1,2 and 4, in the lower end of screw rod 5, be set with supporting plate 7 and nut 9, the limit portion of supporting plate 7 is upturned, the degree of its warpage should meet the requirement of elastic buffer, a cancave cambered surface 11 upwards swells in the bottom of supporting plate 7, a convex globoidal 8 is upwards swelled on the top of nut 9, and cancave cambered surface 11 is identical with the curvature of convex globoidal 8.So,, when anchoring matrix surface is slightly during out of plumb anchoring hole, after supporting plate is tightened up by nut, its supporting plate periphery also can be close to anchoring matrix surface and make it stressed evenly.In addition, supporting plate limit portion is upturned to be had elastic buffer effect and can bring out the best in each other with the elastic buffer effect of described expansion oplate, realizes the dynamic equilibrium of anchor system of the present invention.

In addition, if implement grouting, supporting plate 7 can play good sealing function, simultaneously, supporting plate bottom is the part of protuberance upwards, and its hole portion position, center is provided with along the upwardly extending limit of screw rod outer peripheral face wall, can be embedded in the entrance of anchoring hole just coincide, anchor pole effective between two parties, slurry during grouting anchoring can be uniformly distributed around anchor pole periphery.Certainly, locking decorative pattern or tooth can also be set respectively on described cancave cambered surface and convex globoidal.

In order to meet the needs of grouting anchoring, as Fig. 1,2,4 and Fig. 5 as shown in, the shaft core position of screw rod 5 is provided with grout hole 6 vertically, is disposed radially several slurry outlets 12 that are communicated with grout hole 6.When punching grouting upward or slip casting anchoring, can also be on screw rod segmented sheathing elasticity slurry seal back-up ring (not shown in FIG.), so the weight of slurry can be shared on each back-up ring, in case slurry integral body to stay upper end blank, and in the lower end of screw rod, set up a seal cover (not shown in FIG.).

Simultaneously, in order to meet note, press the needs of anchoring, as an alternative, as shown in figure 28, also can be in the stage casing of screw rod 5 fixed note compression swelling pipe 47, the slightly thin or strip fold slightly of the tube wall at note compression swelling pipe 47 two ends, the distribution of the expansion power after note is pressed is to be " dumbbell " shape, like this can Automatic-clamping or fixing loosening layer.

As shown in Fig. 1,2,4, the gripper shoe root outside on lug nut bearing 4 arranges respectively limited step 13, and expansion oplate 1 its inclined-plane, bottom when not softened leans against on limited step 13, can inwardly not rotate.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, friction while promoting two expansion oplates in order to allow screw rod upper end cambered surface 3 rotate is stressed more reasonable, should be noted that: left side expansion oplate counter-clockwise direction revolve put and lean against on limited step 13, right side expansion oplate clockwise direction revolves and puts and lean against on limited step 13, the benefit of putting is like this when clockwise precession screw rod 5, and property at parts of edges and corners contacts that to promote be easily smooth inside the inclined-plane, lower end of screw rod upper end cambered surface 3 and two expansion oplates 1; For guarantee expansion oplate this when putting and promoting smooth easily, as shown in Figure 3, the inwall of the gripper shoe on lug nut bearing 4 arranges respectively limited post 17, and described limited post is arranged at the relative direction that expansion oplate struts direction, does not so just need to consider how to have put expansion oplate; Certainly, if the screw thread on screw rod is left-hand thread (counter-clockwise precession screw rod), corresponding adjustment also should be made in the position of its limited post; Here supplementary notes is, if limited step 13 of the present invention and limited post 17 are not set, when processing and manufacturing expansion oplate 1 of the present invention, should give suitable R chamfering to the part of corner angle inside the inclined-plane, lower end of expansion oplate, so also can avoid because putting the frictional resistance of improper generation.

Needs for different anchoring objects, anchoring requirement or purposes, the lower end of screw rod 5 can be the screw rod lower end square toes 10 as shown in Fig. 1,2 and 4, also can be interior hexagonal or outer-hexagonal head, or suspension ring, or hook, or additional loose joint is set, or meet the shape of the instructions for use that grouting or slip casting or note presses.

In addition, can be by zooming in or out the spacing between two gripper shoes on lug nut bearing 4, the thickness that reaches the expansion oplate 1 in it with setting-in matches.Here it is pointed out that its spacing can be less than the external diameter of the screw rod 5 mating with it when dwindling two spacing between gripper shoe, at this moment should, by interfering the part of screw rod remove, make screw rod precession smoothly.Can also be by lengthening or shorten the length of two gripper shoes, the length that reaches the expansion oplate in it with setting-in matches, and the two ends that it is pointed out that expansion oplate length direction here can be equal to the distance of the hinge hole on it, can be also unequal.

In addition, screw rod upper end cambered surface 3 can arrange ratchet, by corner angle interlock inside the inclined-plane, bottom of ratchet and expansion oplate, realizes self-locking; The direction of rotation when direction of set ratchet point should advance with screw rod 5 is contrary.

As shown in Figure 5,6, from the economy of processing, screw rod upper end cambered surface 3 parts can be processed separately, then by inlaying the upper client link of pin 16 and screw rod 5, the pin 16 of inlaying is here connected with the part of screw tip cambered surface 3, can adopt cold heading technique; Certainly, when selecting nonmetals to make screw rod, its top cambered surface part still can be processed separately and by inlaying client link on pin and screw rod.

In order to make anchoring effect of the present invention better, particularly for anchoring or locking on weak stratum or closely knit soil, the upper end of described expansion oplate is horn shape and is provided with pilot hole, the pilot hole of two expansion oplates is hinged to expansion oplate with another respectively, thereby the expansion that forms the larger degree of depth is fixed or locking, certainly, can repeatedly connect hinged between expansion oplate and expansion oplate, the end installing return spring of expansion oplate that can also be after series connection is hinged is with for convenience detach.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Fig. 7,8 and 9, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is, in order to be applicable to more high-intensity anchoring, the fixed gap bridge 14 in upper end in two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing 4, makes two gripper shoes more firmly firm; Meanwhile, pass a bridge 14 for taper, its benefit is the present invention directly can be squeezed into or press in the softer anchoring matrix of people, integrates chisel head function, comprises and can self tapping thread be set in head and the side of passing a bridge.Certainly, the upper surface of gap bridge can be arc or flat shape, on its end face, anti-skid design or tooth can be set.

As Fig. 7, shown in 8 and 9, being inlaid in expansion oplate in lug nut bearing 4, to be transformed to one end be that arc one end is the special-shaped expansion oplate 15 of bevel, this abnormity expansion oplate have extremely strong strutting encircle into and locking resistance to plucking ability, when strutting the special-shaped expansion oplate 15 encircleing into anchoring hole wall and be in the duty of " individual " font of opening, two expansion oplate has the auto-lock function of pulling out, tightlier or the more outward drawing screw rod that screw rod is twisted, the amplitude that expansion oplate is opened is larger, it is darker that expansion plate arch enters anchoring hole wall, when reaching maximum softened state, the outer middle side part of arc tips of abnormity expansion oplate 15 leans with gap bridge bottom surface 46, the duty of anchor pole is just as " T " font, its anchoring or locking resistance to plucking ability reach maximum.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 10,11,14, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 2, and difference is: more convenient in order to use, omit punch out step in advance, and in the upper end of lug nut bearing 4, drill bit 18 is set, drill bit 18 spinnings are on threaded gap bridge 26.So the present invention directly can be pierced in anchoring matrix by self-cutting.

, in order to facilitate drill bit punching and anchoring to strut operation, do not interfere with each other meanwhile, at the matching part of screw rod and lug nut bearing, self-locking device A1 is set.Two kinds of structural concepts are specifically provided:

The first scheme: as shown in Figure 12,13 and 34, self-locking device A1 is included in the lock tongue cavity 23 of the head side setting of screw rod 5, interior dead bolt 29 and the stage clip 24 installed of lock tongue cavity 23, on dead bolt 29, have stopper slot 30, the front of dead bolt 29 external parts is provided with slip cambered surface 22, and limited screw 20 one end are positioned at screw counterbore 21, and one end is carried out spacing through 30 pairs of dead bolts of stopper slot, 29 turnover distances, stage clip 24 is arranged on the rearward end of dead bolt 29, gives 29 1 outside thrusts of dead bolt.Meanwhile, at the inwall of lug nut bearing 4, corresponding to the setting position of self-locking device A1, the perpendicular inclined-plane 19 of a projection is set.When the head dextrorotation of screw rod 5 enters lug nut bearing 4, slip cambered surface 22 on dead bolt 29 is revolved and is slid in lug nut bearing 4, after screw rod 5 precession one segment distances, can normally promote expansion oplate struts laterally, screw rod 5 precession one segment distances described here refer to this segment distance of lower end to expansion oplate Zi protruding 19 upper ends, perpendicular inclined-plane, this segment distance is free travel, be exactly that screw rod upper end comprises that dead bolt is neither to back down expansion oplate, also not self-locking in the turnover of this segment distance; When stage clip 24 ejects dead bolt 29, screw rod 5 is left-handed, and the back side of dead bolt 29 external parts leans with the protruding perpendicular inclined-plane 19 being arranged on lug nut bearing 4 inwalls, makes lug nut bearing 4 synchronize left-handed with screw rod 5.In other words, left-handed screw 5, dead bolt 29 stretches out outside lock tongue cavity 23 and locks lug nut bearing 4 realizes boring; Right handed screw 5, dead bolt 29 is squeezed in lock tongue cavity 23, and screw rod 5 backs down expansion oplate and realizes anchoring.

Furthermore, as shown in figure 15, the antetheca of the head lock tongue cavity 23 of screw rod 5 is provided with screw counterbore 21, and screw counterbore 21 is during for mounting limit screw 20, and the head of limited screw 20 sinks in it; As shown in figure 17, on dead bolt 29, have stopper slot 30, limited screw 20 is penetrated in stopper slot 30, control the turnover amplitude of dead bolt in lock tongue cavity; Dead bolt front is provided with slip cambered surface 22, the back side is provided with little slip cambered surface 32, so, the perpendicular inclined-plane 19 of the front of dead bolt 29 and projection is mutually by will self-locking, part beyond 19 upper ends, perpendicular inclined-plane of the back side of dead bolt 29 and projection mutually by time just can self-locking, to meet the structural requirement of self-locking boring, release anchoring, coordinate return spring as described in Example 4 simultaneously, reach the present invention who reuses with self-locking device.

First scheme: as shown in figure 35, two sides of screw rod 5 upper ends have ratchet slot 57, the joint face 59 of the lower end of two gripper shoes 60 on lug nut bearing 4 is provided with and swings lock tongue cavity 58, swinging dead bolt 55 is inlaid in swing lock tongue cavity 58, and connect by connecting screw 61, side pressure spring 56 is given and is swung inside thrust of dead bolt, left-handed screw 5, swing dead bolt 55 and stretch out and be locked in the ratchet slot 57 of screw rod 5 upper ends, and then reach screw rod and synchronize and rotate and realize boring with lug nut bearing; Right handed screw 5, swings dead bolt 55 and is squeezed in swing lock tongue cavity 58, and screw rod and lug nut bearing are thrown off, and screw rod 5 backs down expansion oplate and realizes anchoring.

In addition, as shown in figure 16, the expansion oplate in the present embodiment is spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28, and the cambered surface end of spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 is with spacing plush copper 25.When spacing plush copper 25 leans with gap bridge bottom surface 46, can limit spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 and inwardly rotate.According to the instructions for use of anchoring, anti-skid design or tooth can be set on the lateral surface of special-shaped expansion oplate, and can heat-treat the position of expansion oplate anchored end 27.

Left-handed or dextrorotation recited above is set according to anchoring position, in general, adopts left-handedly for convenience of smoothly when anchoring is implemented in top, and other adopt dextrorotation.

Embodiment 4

As shown in figure 18, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference is: in order to reuse, in the upper side of lug nut bearing 4, assembling screw is set, on assembling screw, return spring 31 is installed, the lower end of return spring is pressed in the lateral surface of spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28.Meanwhile, coordinate the set little slip cambered surface in the dead bolt back side in self-locking device, by return spring, draw softened expansion oplate in, realize scissors expansion anchor rod detachable.

Embodiment 5

As shown in figure 19, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference is the directly upper end at lug nut bearing 4 by cutter head scarfweld, forms a band drill bit and passes a bridge 33.

Embodiment 6

If to there being reaming anchoring requirement at the bottom of the hole of anchoring hole, can, on the basis of above-described embodiment 3-5, the lateral surface of described expansion oplate be made to the edge of a knife shape with cutting function.When accelerating the reverse rotation speed of screw rod, two expansion oplates are owing to being subject to the effect of powerful centrifugal force, expansion oplate is thrown away to both sides, when throwing away, the edge of a knife of expansion oplate lateral surface cuts facing to the sidewall of position, anchor hole bottom, thereby realized at the bottom of anchor hole from reaming, so, the expansion oplate being backed down by screw rod is locking or is anchored at reaming region, strengthened " taking root " effect of expansion oplate, for the anchoring engineering of permanent or higher standard, be worth doing like this.Certainly, can also to it, implement grouting or slip casting or note again presses.

Embodiment 7

As shown in Figure 20,21, the present embodiment is easy structure of the present invention.As shown in figure 23, riveting axle 40 and lug nut bearing 36 are made to integral body, riveting axle 40 can be not placed in the middle, deflection left side, the right side of lug nut bearing is provided with by wall 34, if use high strength plastics to make lug nut bearing 36, the bottom that a metal nuts 37 is cemented in lug nut bearing 36 can be set; The expansion oplate in it by setting-in simultaneously, be designed to the opening expansion oplate 41 of monolithic as shown in figure 22, hinge hole on expansion oplate is made to opening shape, and the opening part of opening expansion oplate 41 and riveting axle 40 are interference fit, on the lateral surface of opening expansion oplate 41, anti-slop serrations are set.During assembling expansion oplate, only opening suitably need be exerted pressure and just can be realized assembling facing to riveting axle, inclined-plane, expansion oplate left side after assembling is resisted against by the upper end of wall 34 and inwardly rotates with confined expansion plate, the top ends of connecting screw rod 38 is provided with hemispherical head 35, lower end cover has platen 39, the bottom of connecting screw rod 38 to be provided with the installation countersunk head that replaces tightening up nut.When connecting screw rod head precession lug nut bearing 36, by wall 34, abut against screw head and make it along axis coaxle to movement, and the inclined-plane that promotes expansion oplate 41 makes it to a side stay, open, thereby reached, simplify object of the present invention.

Embodiment 8

As shown in figure 38, can be on the basis of embodiment 7, the opening expansion oplate 41 of monolithic is transformed to multi-disc, a plurality of riveting axles 40 are distributed on the periphery of multiaxis lug nut bearing 67, the opening expansion oplate of monolithic is arranged on respectively on corresponding riveting axle 40, in hex bolts 66 head precession multiaxis lug nut bearings 67 and while backing down a plurality of opening expansion oplate, a plurality of expansion oplates strut to surrounding outside, and then realize a plurality of expansion oplates and be anchored at hole wall surrounding; Here also it should be added that, hex bolts upper end hemispherical head can be made tack, because this head is to lean with the inclined-plane of expansion oplate, rather than leans with corner angle.

In addition, as shown in Figure 29,30 and 31, in order to be applicable to the anchoring of soft anchoring matrix, in above-described embodiment, all can be in the anchored end of described expansion oplate 1 or spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 hinged a kind of movable supporting leg 49 that can increase stress surface, anti-skid design or tooth are set on the anchoring face of movable supporting leg, or fixed flexible resistance to compression anti-skid wearable material.

In order to make expansion piece there is with stable state strong layer the effect that elasticity is fixed or lock after scissors strut, the anchored end of expansion oplate (section) can be made to the shape with elastic buffer effect, and can be to its heat treatment (for stable state strong layer, the locking effect that elastic expansion specific rigidity expands is better), can also on this elasticity anchoring face, anti-skid design or tooth be set, or fixed flexible resistance to compression anti-skid wearable material, the cross curvature of its elasticity anchoring face should be close with the curvature of anchoring hole wall.The shape with elastic buffer effect described here, shown in figure 32, exactly recessed or convex globoidal is made in the inclined-plane of described expansion oplate, the anchoring face of described anchored end (section) is made to the recessed or convex globoidal of involute, inclined-plane is consistent with the recessed and protruding direction of anchoring face.

In order to reduce costs, expansion oplate of the present invention can also be transformed into trousers shape expansion oplate as shown in figure 40, trousers shape expansion oplate 69 comprises two dihedral expansion oplates connected in upper end, in the connected part in described upper end, be provided with opening hinge hole, be connected part in short transverse attenuation gradually, and there is elasticity, for convenience detach.

The present invention has purposes and application extremely widely.Now with regard to its application, for example following application example:

Application example 1

As shown in figure 24, the present invention can be used as the fence upright of speedway and high-speed railway, only need on screw rod 5, reserve the installing hole 42 that guardrail is installed, by electric drill, the present invention is directly pierced or is pressed in ground 45, tighten up screw rod 5 and nut 44, afterwards guardrail 43 and screw rod 5 use chain connecting bolts are linked, save time and save trouble, installation effectiveness is remarkable.

Application example 2

As shown in figure 39, anchoring or its support reinforcement schematic diagram for foundation ditch or bank protection or dam body by the present invention, anchor pole directly pierces or is pressed in anchoring matrix 68 by electric drill by the present invention, spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 scissors strut also anchoring or are locked in the closely knit robust region of anchoring matrix, tighten up nut 9, just completed anchoring of the present invention or strengthening construction; Here supplementary notes, when anchoring matrix is closely knit soil, can make spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 king-sizely, emphasize " taking root " effect.

Application example 3

As shown in Figure 25,26,27, apply the present invention to the surrounding rock supporting anchoring in mining, anchoring support tunnel or tunnel, be specially:

One of method, as shown in figure 25, anchor pole directly pierces loosening layer 50, ductile bed 51, strong layer 52 by drill bit 18 self-cuttings, spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 scissors strut also anchoring or are locked in the region of strong layer 52, be exactly rock bolt head of the present invention be that " taking root " is in strong layer, tighten up nut 9, just completed anchoring construction of the present invention.

Two of method, as shown in figure 26, for anchoring support tunnel or tunnel by the present invention, implement grouting or slip casting, grout hole 55 is by the direct pore-forming of drill bit 18 simultaneously, and anchor pole is through loosening layer 50, ductile bed 51, strong layer 52, spacing special-shaped expansion oplate 28 scissors strut also anchoring or are locked in the region of strong layer 52, tighten up nut 9, afterwards it is implemented to grouting or slip casting, realized grouting or slip casting anchoring after high-strength prestressed anchoring of the present invention.

Three of method, as shown in figure 27, section signal by the present invention with note compression swelling pipe 47 for anchoring tunnel or tunnel, remain by the direct pore-forming of drill bit 18, anchor pole is through loosening layer 50, ductile bed 51, strong layer 52, and expansion oplate 28 scissors strut also anchoring or are locked in the region of strong layer 52, tighten up nut 9, afterwards note compression swelling pipe 47 is implemented to note and press, realized the anchoring that scissors expansion anchoring and note compression swelling anchoring combine.

Four of method, on the basis of above-mentioned three kinds of methods, increases respectively expansion oplate from reaming step.That is: after boring completes, at scissors expansion anchor rod, directly by drill bit self-cutting, be directly drilled into after strong layer, at this anchorage point, accelerate rotation, the expansion oplate of scissors expansion anchor rod is thrown away to both sides under the effect of centrifugal force, the edge of a knife of expansion oplate lateral surface cuts facing to the sidewall of position, anchor hole bottom, to carrying out from reaming at the bottom of anchor hole.

Application example 4

As shown in figure 33, the anchoring that the present invention of simplification is applied to building insulating layer or decorative layer is installed.First prebored hole on anchoring matrix 53 and the insulation layer 54 that is fixed, the link screw rod 38 of the lug nut bearing 36 with tape spool is penetrated in boring, platen 39 is sleeved on link screw rod 38 in advance, precession link screw rod 38, the opening expansion oplate 41 that makes to be articulated with in the lug nut bearing 36 of tape spool outwards struts, tighten up screw rod 38, anchoring installs.

Application example 5

As shown in figure 36, that the present invention is applied in the state signal in anchoring hole 62, turn square toes 10, special-shaped expansion oplate 15 struts also anchoring or is locked on the hole wall of anchoring hole 62, tighten up nut 9, by anchor 63, be fixed on the anchoring face 64 of anchoring matrix 53.

Application example 6

As shown in figure 37, that the present invention is applied in the state signal that anchoring hole 64 is through hole, quick turn screw rod or square toes 10, abnormity expansion oplate 15 just can strut and fit or be locked on the anchoring face 64 outside anchoring hole 62, the outer upper of abnormity expansion oplate 15 is resisted against on the bottom surface 46 of gap bridge 14, tightens up nut 9, is fixed on the anchoring face 64 of anchoring matrix 53 by anchor 63, the one offside spring 65 that rises can also be set here, special-shaped expansion oplate 15 can be opened automatically.

Expanding application aspect, the present invention can be made to the huge specification (pile) that building or structure are used, rigidity and aperture after the expansion oplate scissors of this specification strut are very large, and then produce huge uplift resistance and compressive resistance; The present invention can also be made to small-sized or miniature specification to meet the use of furniture, electrical equipment, ornaments, light fixture, kitchen tools, medical treatment etc.; The base for post that the present invention can also be used as to bridge, electric power, communication, probe (post, bar, tower) etc. is used, and comprises fixing various plant equipment; Can also be by a plurality of the present invention's parallel connections or the application that is together in series, the in parallel or series connection here builds by support frame, and support frame can be any shape; The present invention can also be linked to realization with pull pressure sensor and monitor in real time, in a word, by principle of the present invention, can derive plurality of specifications or pattern to meet multi-purpose needs, as space is limited, just not repeat one by one here.

It is worth mentioning that: applied in any combination in any case, no matter adopt what material and technique manufacture product of the present invention, all must do tension, shearing resistance and resistance to plucking check to it, in actual applications, should be according to mechanics parameter of the present invention, can not be only according to the anchoring experience of traditional anchor pole or the thing on existing textbook, because anchor pole performance of the present invention or anchoring effect and range of application have been not traditional things.

Claims

1. a scissors expansion anchor rod, comprise that upper articulation has the lug nut bearing of expansion oplate, and the screw rod mating with lug nut bearing, it is characterized in that: the top ends of described screw rod is cambered surface or hemispherical head, the top ends cambered surface of described screw rod or hemispherical head contact with the inner side corner angle on inclined-plane, expansion oplate bottom, and rotary screw can make its inner side corner angle along inclined-plane, expansion oplate bottom directly promote expansion oplate as scissors, to strut laterally; In the lower end of described screw rod, be set with a supporting plate and one supporting nut with it, the cancave cambered surface that establish supporting plate bottom, described nut top is provided with the convex globoidal suitable with supporting plate bottom cancave cambered surface.

2. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the center hole position on supporting plate cancave cambered surface is provided with along the upwardly extending limit of screw rod outer peripheral face wall; The limit portion of described supporting plate is upturned.

3. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inside at described screw rod arranges grout hole vertically, in screw rod periphery, some slurry outlets is set.

4. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fixed note compression swelling in the stage casing pipe of described screw rod, the slightly thin or strip fold slightly of the tube wall at note compression swelling pipe two ends.

5. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inwall in the gripper shoe of lug nut bearing arranges respectively limited post, and described limited post is arranged at the relative direction that expansion oplate struts direction.

6. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: inside the inclined-plane, lower end of expansion oplate, corner angle are set to R chamfering.

7. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inclined-plane, bottom of described expansion oplate replaces with cancave cambered surface or convex globoidal, simultaneously by described expansion oplate anchoring face be set to corresponding cancave cambered surface or convex globoidal, formation has flexible anchored end or anchoring section, and the curvature of the cross curvature of this elasticity anchoring face and anchoring hole wall is close.

8. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described expansion oplate is trousers shape expansion oplate, this trousers shape expansion oplate comprises two dihedral expansion oplates connected in upper end, in the connected part in described upper end, be provided with opening hinge hole, be connected part in short transverse attenuation gradually, and there is elasticity.

9. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the anchored end of described expansion oplate is provided with the movable supporting leg that increases anchoring face.

10. scissors expansion anchor rod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at the fixed gap bridge in upper end of two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing; Meanwhile, the expansion oplate being inlaid in lug nut bearing is that one end is that arc one end is the special-shaped expansion oplate of bevel, and this abnormity expansion oplate is when maximum softened state, and the outer middle side part of its arc tips is resisted against the bottom surface of gap bridge; The cambered surface end of described special-shaped expansion oplate is provided with spacing plush copper, when this spacing plush copper is leaned on mutually with gap bridge bottom surface, limits special-shaped expansion oplate and inwardly rotates; Anti-skid design or tooth are set on the lateral surface of this abnormity expansion oplate, or are set to have the edge of a knife shape of cutting function.

11. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the fixed gap bridge in upper end of two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing, upper end at lug nut bearing arranges drill bit, described drill bit is connected with gap bridge, or the direct upper end at lug nut bearing by cutter head scarfweld, forms a band drill bit gap bridge; Matching part at screw rod and lug nut bearing arranges self-locking device.

12. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that: described self-locking device is included in the lock tongue cavity of the upper side setting of screw rod, dead bolt and stage clip are installed in lock tongue cavity, stage clip is arranged on the rearward end of dead bolt, the front of dead bolt external part is provided with slip cambered surface, dead bolt has stopper slot on middle part, and limited screw carries out spacing through stopper slot to dead bolt turnover distance; Meanwhile, at the inwall of lug nut bearing, corresponding to the setting position of self-locking device, the perpendicular inclined-plane of a projection is set; When screw rod is rotated in the forward while entering lug nut bearing, the slip cambered surface on dead bolt is revolved and is forward slid in lug nut bearing, and screw rod normally promotes expansion oplate and struts laterally; When screw rod reverse rotation, stage clip ejects dead bolt, and the back side of dead bolt external part leans with the protruding perpendicular inclined-plane being arranged on lug nut bearing inwall, makes lug nut bearing and the rotation of screw rod synchronous backward realize boring.

13. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 12, it is characterized in that: the upper side at lug nut bearing arranges assembling screw, on assembling screw, return spring is installed, the lower end of return spring is pressed in the lateral surface of expansion oplate, the back side of dead bolt is provided with little slip cambered surface simultaneously, the upper end, perpendicular inclined-plane of projection is provided with spacing between the lower end of the expansion oplate under softened state not, make part beyond the upper end, perpendicular inclined-plane of dead bolt and projection mutually by time can self-locking, by return spring, expansion oplate is set back.

14. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that: described self-locking device comprises, two sides in screw rod upper end are provided with ratchet slot, the lower end joint face of two gripper shoes of lug nut bearing is provided with swing lock tongue cavity, swing dead bolt and be inlaid in swing lock tongue cavity, be arranged at the side pressure spring of its sidepiece to swinging inside thrust of dead bolt; Derotation screw rod, swings dead bolt and stretches out and be locked in the ratchet slot of screw rod upper end, makes screw rod synchronize and rotate and realize boring with lug nut bearing; Dextrorotation screw rod, swings dead bolt and is squeezed in swing lock tongue cavity, and screw rod and lug nut bearing are thrown off, and screw rod backs down expansion oplate and realizes anchoring.

15. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: riveting axle and lug nut bearing top for hinged expansion oplate are integral body, setting that riveting axle is amesiality, the opposite side of lug nut bearing is provided with by wall, the opening expansion oplate that its interior expansion oplate of setting-in is monolithic, hinge hole on this opening expansion oplate is opening shape, the hinge hole opening part of opening expansion oplate and riveting axle interference fit, the inclined-plane, inner side of opening expansion oplate is resisted against by the upper end of wall and inwardly rotates with restriction opening expansion oplate, simultaneously, the top ends of described screw rod is provided with hemispherical head, bottom is provided with installation countersunk head and replaces tightening up nut, the lower end cover of screw rod has platen to replace supporting plate, platen bottom surface is provided with and the concave surface of countersunk head being installed being mated, when screw head precession lug nut bearing, by wall, abut against screw head and make it along axis coaxle to movement, and the inclined-plane, inner side that promotes expansion oplate struts it laterally.

16. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: the riveting axle of a plurality of hinged expansion oplates is distributed on the periphery of lug nut bearing, the opening expansion oplate of monolithic is arranged on respectively on corresponding riveting axle, in screw head precession lug nut bearing, back down a plurality of opening expansion oplates, a plurality of expansion oplates strut to surrounding outside simultaneously simultaneously.

The application process of 17. 1 kinds of scissors expansion anchor rods, for fence upright, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: the reserved installing hole that guardrail is installed on screw rod; At ground preboring anchor hole and by scissors expansion anchor rod, insert anchor hole, or directly scissors expansion anchor rod is pierced or be pressed in ground; Precession screw rod, struts expansion oplate scissors; Tighten up the nut on screw rod, by the anchoring of scissors expansion anchor rod on the ground; Guardrail is connected with connecting bolt with screw rod.

The application process of 18. 1 kinds of scissors expansion anchor rods, country rock for anchoring support tunnel or tunnel or mining, its anchor layer comprises loosening layer, ductile bed and strong layer, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: at anchor layer preboring anchor hole and by scissors expansion anchor rod, insert anchor hole, or scissors expansion anchor rod directly directly pierces loosening layer, ductile bed until strong layer by drill bit self-cutting; Precession screw rod, struts expansion oplate scissors, and is anchored at strong layer region; Finally tighten up nut, complete anchoring operation.

The application process of 19. scissors expansion anchor rods according to claim 18, it is characterized in that: at scissors expansion anchor rod, directly by drill bit self-cutting, be directly drilled into after strong layer, at this anchorage point, strengthen rotation, expansion oplate on scissors expansion anchor rod is thrown away to both sides under the effect of centrifugal force, the edge of a knife of expansion oplate lateral surface cuts facing to the sidewall of position, anchor hole bottom, to carrying out from reaming at the bottom of anchor hole.

20. the application process according to the scissors expansion anchor rod described in claim 18 or 19, is characterized in that: adopt the scissors expansion anchor rod with note compression swelling pipe, be anchored at behind strong layer region at scissors expansion anchor rod, note compression swelling pipe is implemented to note and press.

The application process of 21. 1 kinds of scissors expansion anchor rods, anchoring or its support reinforcement for foundation ditch or bank protection or dam body, it is characterized in that, preboring anchor hole scissors expansion anchor rod is inserted in anchor hole on anchoring matrix, or scissors expansion anchor rod directly directly pierces or is pressed in anchoring matrix by drill bit self-cutting, expansion oplate scissors are strutted and anchoring or be locked in the closely knit robust region of anchoring matrix, tighten up nut.