CN103695560A - Ppp1r12a基因在结直肠癌化疗疗效判断和检测试剂盒中的应用 - Google Patents
Ppp1r12a基因在结直肠癌化疗疗效判断和检测试剂盒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及肿瘤生物学领域,公开了一种结直肠癌相关的标志物的应用,该标志物为PPP1R12A。具体地讲,该标志物的DNA相对拷贝数与结直肠癌患者化疗之后的生存期呈负相关。本发明还涉及结直肠癌组织样本中检测PPP1R12A的试剂盒、方法和应用。该试剂盒中含有检测PPP1R12A和内参基因GAPDH引物对,本发明通过研究发现了PPP1R12A与结直肠癌以及结直肠癌化疗疗效之间的关系,设计出检测PPP1R12A的引物对,用该引物对设计出的试剂盒能够用于检测结直肠癌肿瘤,使通过PPP1R12A检测结直肠癌成为可能。
Description
[技术领域]
本发明属于肿瘤生物学领域,涉及一种结直肠癌基因标志物及其应用,具体涉及结直肠癌中检测PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数的试剂盒、方法和应用。
[背景技术]
结直肠癌是最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一,中国地区的发病率上升趋势十分明显,位居全部恶性肿瘤第三位,严重威胁人类健康。
临床上第三代铂类药物奥沙利铂奥沙利铂,联合5氟尿嘧啶和四氢叶酸的FOLFOX方案是目前进展期结直肠癌的一线化疗方案,但是仍有50%的人对化疗不敏感,其主要的原因是对于奥沙利铂化疗药物原始的或获得性的耐药性。这种耐药性的产生与化疗药物的运输、DNA修复、DNA损伤耐受和凋亡等多种相关基因的参与有关。因此,发现化疗疗效相关的基因诊断标志物对患者选择合适的化疗药物并从中获得临床受益具有重要的临床意义。
PPP1R12A,称为磷酸酶1调节亚基12A,又称为肌球蛋白磷酸酶结合亚基(MYPT-1),能够与肌球蛋白磷酸酶δ催化亚基结合,调控磷酸酶的特异性和活性(Grassie ME,Moffat LD,Walsh MP,Macdonald JA(2011)The myosinphosphatase targeting protein(MYPT)family:a regulated mechanism for achievingsubstrate specificity of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase type1delta.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics510:147–159)。PPP1R12A在多种类型细胞中表达,并且在平滑肌细胞中达到高表达(Matsumura F,Hartshorne DJ(2008)Myosin phosphatase target subunit:many roles in cell function.Biochemical andBiophysical Research Communications369:149–156)。PPP1R12A的一个生物学特点是与PP1cδ磷酸酶形成复合物,调控PP1cδ磷酸酶对其底物-磷酸化肌球蛋白的去磷酸化作用,从而调控肌肉的压缩和细胞迁移。
除此之外,有研究发现PPP1R12A还参与调控了肿瘤抑制基因Merlin的活性(Jin H,Sperka T,Herrlich P,Morrison H(2006)Tumorigenic transformation byCPI-17through inhibition of a merlin phosphatase.Nature442:576-579)。当细胞密度过高时,Merlin发生去磷酸化,能够与细胞表面的CD44结合,抑制细胞增殖(Shaw RJ,Paez JG,Curto等(2001)The Nf2tumor suppressor,merlin,functions inRac-dependent signaling.Dev Cell1:63-72)。Merlin缺失杂合子小鼠在多种器官肺、肝脏和骨长出恶性肿瘤(McClatchey AI,Saotome I,Mercer K等(1998)Miceheterozygous for a mutation at the Nf2tumor suppressor locus develop a range ofhighly metastatic tumors.Genes Dev12:1121-1133)。Merlin去磷酸化对它维持抑癌基因的功能非常重要,而Merlin去磷酸化是通过PPP1R12A和PP1δ调控。其中,PPP1R12A蛋白C端有一个亮氨酸拉链结构,能够与Merlin C端(第314-第595位氨基酸)结合,并且偏好结合磷酸化的Merlin,PPP1R12A同时也能与磷酸酶PP1δ结合,从而介导了磷酸酶PP1δ对Merlin的去磷酸化。一旦利用蛋白酶降解PPP1R12A之后,Merlin的去磷酸化水平降低。
磷酸酶与激酶是体内两类重要酶类,调控蛋白磷酸化水平,参与细胞内诸多信号通路的调控,与肿瘤发生、转移和耐药有重要关系。其中磷酸酶被认为是肿瘤抑制基因,负责蛋白去磷酸化,这类酶在肿瘤发生和进展过程中经常发生突变和缺失,导致底物蛋白过度磷酸化,促进了细胞增殖、转移和耐药相关信号通路的持续激活,进而导致肿瘤发生和恶化。重要的磷酸酶如PTEN就在结直肠癌以及其他多种肿瘤中发生缺失和突变。另外,6大类磷酸酶在结直肠癌中发生高频突变,这6类磷酸酶包括PTPRF,PTPRG,PTPRT,PTPN3,PTPN13,PTPN14(Wang Z,Shen D,Parsons DW等(2004)Mutational analysis of the tyrosinephosphatome in colorectal cancers.Science304:1164-1166.)。
这些提示PPP1R12A这个磷酸酶调控亚基也有可能存在结直肠癌发生过程中存在缺失的可能。目前检测基因缺失的常用方法包括荧光原位杂交和荧光定量PCR,后者教前者简单方便和灵敏。
[发明内容]
肿瘤发生的实质是基因组的不稳定性造成的染色体DNA缺失、扩增和突变。这些异常染色体区域的基因大多与肿瘤的发生、耐药和转移相关。本发明的首要目的是确认PPP1R12A在结直肠癌发生过程中是否发生缺失或者扩增。其次,确认PPP1R12A相对拷贝数变化以及是否与结直肠癌FOLFOX化疗疗效相关。第三个目的是发现结直肠癌发生和疗效相关的生物标志物。
本发明发现PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数在结直肠癌组织中比非肿瘤对照肠组织高,因此,肿瘤样本中的PPP1R12A的相对拷贝数可以作为结直肠癌的一个标志物。本发明还发现PPP1R12A的相对拷贝数降低程度与患者服用FOLFOX化疗药物之后的生存期相关。
因为FOLFOX化疗方案中起主要抗肿瘤的活性物质为5氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和奥沙利铂,它们的作用方式为诱导DNA损伤从而导致细胞凋亡,因此,本发明涉及PPP1R12A作为评价结直肠癌患者使用诱导DNA损伤的化疗药物之后生存期的指标。
因为DNA拷贝数降低直接导致基因表达降低,因此,本发明也涉及利用PPP1R12A表达(包括mRNA和蛋白水平)作为评价结直肠癌发生和结直肠癌患者服用化疗药物之后生存期的指标。
另一方面,本发明涉及PPP1R12A的引物对SEQID No.1和SEQID No.2、SEQIDNo.3和SEQID No.4、SEQID No.5和SEQID No.6在制备PPP1R12A的检测试剂盒中的用途。因为本发明选取了PPP1R12A序列上不同位置的序列设计检测引物,且荧光定量PCR反应显示皆有效,所以,本发明涉及来源于PPP1R12A基因上任一位置的引物序列应用于检测PPP1R12A的用途。
为了使通过PPP1R12A相对拷贝数检测结直肠癌成为可能,本发明的首要目的是发明一种检测PPP1R12A的引物对和试剂盒,然后通过PPP1R12A做成检测结直肠的试剂盒。
为了实现上述目的,首先发明一种PPP1R12A基因在FOLFOX化疗药物疗效判断药物中的应用。
所述的化疗药物为诱导DNA损伤的化疗药物。
所述的诱导DNA损伤的化疗药物选自含铂类和5氟尿嘧啶及其衍生物的化疗药物中的一种或多种。
PPP1R12A基因为结直肠癌的生物标志物,利用其DNA相对拷贝数增高与结直肠癌发生呈正相关;所述的标志物的DNA相对拷贝数降低与结直肠癌患者进行FOLFOX化疗之后的生存期呈负相关,所述负相关为PPP1R12A相对拷贝数越低,生存期越长;相对拷贝数越高,生存期越短,利用所述的负相关制备所述判断药物或试剂盒。
所述的标志物相对拷贝数降低还包括相对拷贝数降低引起的PPP1R12A的mRNA和蛋白水平的降低。
本发明的另一目的是发明一种检测PPP1R12A的试剂盒,该试剂盒中含有检测PPP1R12A和内参基因GAPDH引物对。
所述检测PPP1R12A的引物对选自下述引物对中的一对:
第一引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:1所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:2所示;
或第二引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:3所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:4所示;
或第三引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:5所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:6所示。
所述的内参基因GAPDH的引物对优选为:
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:3所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:4所示。
本发明还包括一种检测PPP1R12A的方法,包括DNA的提取步骤;用所述的试剂盒对所述的DNA进行PCR扩增;最后得到扩增产物,并检测判断。
本发明通过研究发现的PPP1R12A与结直肠癌之间的关系(参见实施例),设计出检测PPP1R12A的引物对,用该引物对设计出的试剂盒能够用于检测结直肠癌肿瘤,使通过PPP1R12A检测结直肠癌成为可能。
[附图说明]
图1为PPP1R12A作为结直肠癌标志物的ROC曲线
图2为PPP1R12A相对拷贝数与结直肠癌患者经FOLFOX化疗后生存期的关系
图3PPP1R12A作为判断结直肠癌FOLFOX化疗疗效判断标志物的ROC曲线;
图中:1.基因拷贝数低于平均值2.基因相对拷贝数高于平均值。
[具体实施方式]
实施案例1:样本及其随访信息的收集
发明人从2006年开始从瑞金医院收集了大肠癌患者样本,经过资料整理和随访,从中选取了97份(37份五年以下生存期,60份五年以上生存期和至统计之日仍然存活患者)Ⅲ期结直肠癌肿瘤和8例非肿瘤肠组织石蜡包埋组织样本。
实施案例2:石蜡样本DNA抽提
从石蜡包埋组织中切下5毫克样本,放入2毫升离心管中,加入1毫升二甲苯,涡旋震荡10秒。在14000转/分钟转速下常温离心2分钟。弃上清。加入1毫升无水乙醇洗涤沉淀,涡旋震荡,在14000转/分钟转速下常温离心2分钟,弃上清。将离心管置于超净台中去除多余乙醇。加入180微升RTL缓冲液(Qiagen),20微升蛋白酶K,混匀,56℃孵育1小时,90℃孵育1小时。加200微升AL缓冲液,混匀,然后加入200微升无水乙醇,混匀。将混合液加入QIAamp柱子(Qiagen),8000转/分钟常温离心1分钟。打开柱子盖子,加入500微升AW1缓冲液(Qiagen),8000转/分钟常温离心1分钟。加入500微升AW2缓冲液(Qiagen),8000转/分钟常温离心1分钟。在14000转/分钟转速下常温离心3分钟干燥膜。加入50微升ATE缓冲液,在14000转/分钟转速下常温离心1分钟收集DNA。
实施案例3:荧光定量PCR及分析
设计三对PCR引物用来扩增PPP1R12A,序列见表1。使用2×SYBR Green荧光染料配制PCR反应混合液,根据需要上机的样品数和重复数,计算并配制PCR反应混合液,体系如下:
成分 | 体积 |
2*SYBR Green | 10μl |
引物Mix | 4μM(2.5μl) |
模板 | 20ng(2.5μl) |
超纯水 | 5μl |
总体积 | 20ul |
分装至AXYGEN PCR8连管,微型离心机瞬时离心混匀PCR体系。GAPDH作为内参基因。
将上述样品放入IQ5(BioRad)荧光定量PCR仪,SYBR Green法荧光定量PCR以分析各基因的表达,PCR程序设置如下:
预变性Cycle1:(1X)
Step1: 95.0℃ for02:00
PCR循环Cycle2:(40X)
Step1: 95.0℃ for00:15
Step2: 60.0℃ for00:20
Step3: 72.0℃ for00:20
溶解曲线60℃-95.0℃每秒增加0.5度,采集荧光,收集数据。
对于每个样本,按照△Ct(相对拷贝数)=Ct(PPP1R12A平均值)—Ct(GAPDH平均值)计算PPP1R12A相对拷贝数(见表2)
表1两对qPCR检测引物
表2PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数变化值及样本生存时间
样本号 | PPP1R12A相对拷贝数 | 生存时间(月份) |
1 | 4.43 | 4 |
2 | 4.07 | 5 |
3 | 5.3 | 6 |
4 | 5.92 | 6 |
5 | 5.2 | 6 |
6 | 5.17 | 7 |
7 | 5.28 | 9 |
8 | 6.23 | 12 |
9 | 6.83 | 13 |
10 | 5.3 | 13 |
11 | 4.67 | 15 |
12 | 5.47 | 16 |
13 | 4.87 | 17 |
14 | 5.29 | 24 |
15 | 5.47 | 24 |
16 | 5.32 | 26 |
17 | 4.81 | 26 |
18 | 5.33 | 27 |
19 | 5.49 | 27 |
20 | 0.57 | 31 |
21 | 4.5 | 33 |
22 | 4.55 | 33 |
23 | 5.09 | 34 |
24 | 2.81 | 35 |
25 | 7.51 | 35 |
26 | 4.75 | 36 |
27 | 4.41 | 36 |
28 | 2.75 | 37 |
29 | 4.4 | 37 |
30 | -1.93 | 41 |
31 | 5.29 | 41 |
32 | 5.29 | 41 |
33 | 4.76 | 41 |
34 | 6.65 | 44 |
35 | 4.71 | 47 |
36 | 4.58 | 47 |
37 | 4.58 | 54 |
38 | 5.19 | 55 |
39 | 3 | 55 |
40 | 3.33 | 56 |
41 | 3.53 | 56 |
42 | 4.9 | 56 |
43 | 4.26 | 56 |
44 | 4.61 | 57 |
45 | 3.82 | 57 |
46 | 4.1 | 57 |
47 | 3.27 | 57 |
48 | 5.61 | 57 |
49 | 4.39 | 57 |
50 | 6.03 | 57 |
51 | 4.93 | 58 |
52 | 5.1 | 58 |
53 | 8.07 | 58 |
54 | 4.48 | 58 |
55 | 3.52 | 59 |
56 | 4.05 | 60 |
57 | 4.82 | 60 |
58 | 4.85 | 61 |
59 | 5.05 | 62 |
60 | 5.64 | 62 |
61 | 4.08 | 62 |
62 | 2.58 | 62 |
63 | 2.17 | 63 |
64 | 4.92 | 64 |
65 | 2.78 | 65 |
66 | 5.31 | 65 |
67 | 4.21 | 65 |
68 | 3.93 | 65 |
69 | 6.77 | 66 |
70 | 4.57 | 67 |
71 | 3.23 | 68 |
72 | 4.23 | 68 |
73 | 2.69 | 68 |
74 | 2.72 | 69 |
75 | 2.24 | 69 |
76 | 1.17 | 69 |
77 | 2.4 | 69 |
78 | 6.11 | 69 |
79 | 3.48 | 70 |
80 | 4.76 | 70 |
81 | 4.51 | 70 |
82 | 4.72 | 72 |
83 | 4.36 | 72 |
84 | 1.67 | 72 |
85 | -1.62 | 74 |
96 | 8.63 | 74 |
97 | 5.78 | 76 |
98 | 4.33 | 76 |
99 | -0.78 | 76 |
90 | 4.65 | 77 |
91 | 4.96 | 77 |
92 | 3.07 | 77 |
93 | 1.56 | 77 |
94 | 4.2 | 79 |
95 | 3.81 | 81 |
96 | 5.1 | 83 |
97 | 4.92 | 84 |
98 | -0.323333 | n/d |
99 | -3.28 | n/d |
100 | -1.37 | n/d |
101 | 0.745 | n/d |
102 | -2.018333 | n/d |
103 | -2.176667 | n/d |
104 | -0.643333 | n/d |
105 | -1.9 | n/d |
备注:n/d表示非肿瘤样本,因为患者为非肿瘤患者,所以没有确定生存时间
实施案例4:PPP1R12A作为结直肠癌标志物的统计学分析
将105例样本分为两组:非肿瘤对照肠组织(98-105号样本)和结直肠癌样本(1-97号样本)。通过学生t检验比较两组样品之间PPP1R12A相对拷贝数是否有显著性差异,结果显示它们之间有显著性差异,P=0.000(表3)。同时,我们对105份样本进行逻辑回归(Logistic regression),以构建一个评估每个样本患结直肠癌可能性的模型,由逻辑回归模型得到的每个样本患结直肠癌概率用于生成受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)。如图1所示,曲线下AUC面积为0.722,处于95%置信区间内(95%CI:0.621-0.823)(表3),说明PPP1R12A完全可以成为结直肠癌标志物。
表3PPP1R12A作为结直肠癌判断基因的ROC曲线坐标
实施案例5:PPP1R12A相对拷贝数与结直肠癌患者生存的关系
根据97例结直肠癌患者PPP1R12A相对拷贝数进行分类,低于平均值的患者为一类,图中用数字“1”标注的曲线;高于平均值的患者,图中用数字“2”标注的曲线。利用KaplanMeier生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归评估生存的差异。使用IBM SPSS Statistics19软件进行以上的所有统计分析。发现两组人群生存曲线具有显著差异(图2)。
KaplanMeier分析如图2所示。在单因素Cox比例风险回归模型中,PPP1R12A相对拷贝数越低,患者存活的概率越大(Exp(B)=1.238,处于95%CI区间内:1.008-1.521,P=0.042,表4)。
表4PPP1R12A相对拷贝数与结直肠癌患者经FOLFOX化疗后生存期的关系的COX回归分析
实施案例6:PPP1R12A相对拷贝数评价结直肠癌患者经FOLFOX化疗疗效
对97份样本进行逻辑回归(Logistic regression),以构建一个评估每个样本患结直肠癌可能性的模型,由逻辑回归模型得到的每个样本患结直肠癌概率用于生成受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)。用于评估结直肠癌患者经FOLFOX化疗疗效分析的PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数的性能,参数是受试者工作特征曲线下方的面积(AUC),如图3所示,此标记的AUC值为0.687(95%CI:0.577-0.797)(表4),说明PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数能用于判断结直肠癌患者经FOLFOX化疗疗效。从ROC曲线中选择概率阈值以产生至少90%的特异性(正确鉴定90%生存期小于5年的人群),见表5,预测范围为:PPP1R12A基因相对拷贝数大于5.71,为生存期小于5年的人群样本。
表5PPP1R12A作为判断结直肠癌FOLFOX化疗疗效判断标志物的ROC曲线坐标
Claims (9)
1.PPP1R12A基因在FOLFOX化疗药物疗效判断药物或试剂盒中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述的化疗药物为诱导DNA损伤的化疗药物。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述的诱导DNA损伤的化疗药物选自含铂类和5氟尿嘧啶及其衍生物的化疗药物中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于PPP1R12A基因为结直肠癌的生物标志物,利用其DNA相对拷贝数增高与结直肠癌发生呈正相关,即所述DNA标志物相对拷贝数越高,结直肠癌发生的可能性越高;所述的标志物的DNA相对拷贝数降低与结直肠癌患者进行FOLFOX化疗之后的生存期呈负相关,所述负相关为PPP1R12A相对拷贝数越低,生存期越长;相对拷贝数越高,生存期越短,利用所述的负相关制备所述判断药物或试剂盒。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于所述的标志物相对拷贝数降低包括相对拷贝数降低引起的PPP1R12A的mRNA和蛋白水平的降低。
6.一种检测PPP1R12A的试剂盒,其特征在于,含有检测PPP1R12A和内参基因GAPDH引物对。
7.如权利要求6所述的检测结直肠癌的试剂盒,其特征在于所述检测PPP1R12A的引物对选自下述引物对中的一对:
第一引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:1所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:2所示;
或第二引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:3所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:4所示;
或第三引物对,
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:5所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:6所示。
8.如权利要求6所述的检测结直肠癌的试剂盒,其特征在于所述的内参基因GAPDH的引物对为:
上游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:7所示;
下游引物,如碱基序列SEQ ID NO:8所示。
9.一种检测PPP1R12A的方法,
包括DNA的提取步骤;
其特征在于,还包括:
用权利要求6所述的试剂盒对所述的DNA进行PCR扩增;
得到扩增产物,并检测判断。
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