CN103694369B - A kind of preparation method of ganoderan - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of ganoderan Download PDFInfo
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- CN103694369B CN103694369B CN201310742219.4A CN201310742219A CN103694369B CN 103694369 B CN103694369 B CN 103694369B CN 201310742219 A CN201310742219 A CN 201310742219A CN 103694369 B CN103694369 B CN 103694369B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000703 high-speed centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of ganoderan, take glossy ganoderma as raw material, after being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption, adopt high speed centrifugation to divide and get supernatant liquor, supernatant liquor is removed protein by fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, then obtains ganoderan powder through microwave vacuum drying.The present invention adopts overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption to extract, and can improve the crushing efficiency of glossy ganoderma, the extraction yield of ganoderma active polysaccharide is increased, and is convenient to automated operation.This preparation method is simple, and energy consumption is low, and the time is short, better can retain the natural radioactivity of ganoderan, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production, and gained ganoderan powder can for preparing dissimilar food, protective foods or medicine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bio-chemistry separation purification art, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of ganoderan.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma is the treasure in China's pools of traditional Chinese medicine, the effect of have preventing and curing diseases, promoting longevity, and have the reputation of " celestial grass ".The Compendium of Material Medica of the Shennong's Herbal of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous medical scholar's LI Shi-Zhen of the Ming Dynasty, is all documented in detail effect of glossy ganoderma.Nowadays, glossy ganoderma is formally recorded by state-promulgated pharmacopoeia as medicine, and it is again the new resource food of state approval simultaneously, has no side effect, can medicine-food two-purpose.
Modern pharmacology and clinical practice further demonstrate that the ganoderan in glossy ganoderma is one of its most effective activeconstituents, there is pharmacologically active widely, can immunity of organisms be improved, improve body's hypoxia tolerance, eliminate free radical, Tumor suppression, radioprotective, improves the ability of liver, marrow, blood synthetic DNA, RNA and protein, prolongs life etc., therefore, the attention of medical sci-tech worker is subject to especially.
Extraction at present for fungus polysaccharide adopts hot water extraction, extraction and enzyme process lixiviate usually.Hot water extraction's technique is simple, and the mainly exocellular polysaccharide of extraction, yield is lower.And enzyme process lixiviate often adopts cellulase, polygalacturonase and proteolytic enzyme to close the compositions such as pectin, Mierocrystalline cellulose and protein on film to remove cell wall, be conducive to the stripping of intracellular polyse, and the extraction yield of polysaccharide is improved.But because leaching process needs enzyme-added, not only production cost is high, bring difficulty also to the separation of product simultaneously.Solvent extraction fado adopts acid or alkaline matter, may have a certain impact to the biological activity of polysaccharide and structure thereof.In addition, also conbined usage supersonic wave wall breaking and hot water extraction is had to extract the research report of ganoderan, owing to first adopting ultrasonic disruption glossy ganoderma, water bath with thermostatic control lixiviate polysaccharide again, although glossy ganoderma crushing efficiency can be made to improve, its treatment capacity is less, and extraction time is longer, really cannot walk out laboratory, carry out suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of ganoderan, overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption is utilized to extract in conjunction with microwave vacuum drying, carry out fragmentation to glossy ganoderma to extract, obtain ganoderan, this preparation method's easy handling, energy consumption is low, can be used for suitability for industrialized production, and gained ganoderan powder can keep its natural radioactivity, color, smell and taste and nutritive ingredient.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A preparation method for ganoderan take glossy ganoderma as raw material, after being extracted, adopts high speed centrifugation to divide and get supernatant liquor, supernatant liquor is removed protein by fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, then obtains ganoderan powder through microwave vacuum drying by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption.
The extracting parameter of described overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption is: ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15 ~ 80KHz, ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 24000W, Extracting temperature is 60 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C, broken total time is 10 ~ 120min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5 ~ 20s, and the intermittent time is 5 ~ 20s, is cycled to repeat process.
The extracting parameter of described overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption is: ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15 ~ 33KHz, ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 4600W, Extracting temperature is 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, broken total time is 10 ~ 90min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5 ~ 15s, and the intermittent time is 5 ~ 15s, is cycled to repeat process.
The vacuum degree control of described microwave vacuum drying is at-101KPa ~-31.2KPa, and microwave operational frequencies is 2400 ~ 2500MHz, and drying temperature is 0 ~ 60 DEG C.
After being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption by glossy ganoderma, 6000 ~ 18000r/min high speed centrifugation, 10 ~ 120min under 10 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C conditions, removes throw out.
After being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption by glossy ganoderma, 6000 ~ 14000r/min high speed centrifugation, 20 ~ 60min under 10 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C conditions, removes throw out.
When adopting fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, pH is regulated to be 4.0 ~ 6.0.
The vacuum degree control of described microwave vacuum drying is at-101KPa ~-31.2KPa, and microwave operational frequencies is 2400 ~ 2500MHz, and drying temperature is 0 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C.
Glossy ganoderma breaking method of the present invention adopts the ultrasonic wave of cumulative sound field, add unique overflow circulating system and thermostatic control system again, form overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption extraction system, make glossy ganoderma can process abundant broken wall when steadily there is no turbulent flow through high-energy ultrasonic field, solvent and cell endoplasm are contacted, adds that the effects such as the mechanical shock of sound wave improve extraction yield and the extraction efficiency of ganoderma active material.
As everyone knows, air pressure reduces, and the boiling point of water also decreases.In conventional drying process, heat enters inside by convection current, conduction, radiation by external penetration.Under vacuum, be difficult to realize heat trnasfer by convection of air, and the mode of only reliable thermal conduction and radiation provides heat energy to material, but easily cause by the material Surface absorption heat energy heated, temperature raises, and makes internal-external temperature difference large, is difficult to the object reaching complete drying, therefore, conventional vacuum drying method thermal conduction is slow, energy consumption is large, efficiency is low, required time of drying is long.Microwave heating is a kind of radiation heating, by microwave directly and material have an effect, microwave radiation can be made to enter internal batch, the water molecules isopolarity molecule in material is made synchronously to carry out rotating and swinging by microwave frequency and produce heat of friction, can realize internal batch and surface is heated simultaneously, therefore rate of heating is fast, thermo-efficiency is high, the treatment time is short, drying efficiency is high.
Microwave vacuum drying technology is combined with vacuum-drying by microwave heating technique, thus has microwave drying and vacuum drying advantage concurrently, can overcome again the shortcomings such as Heating temperature is uneven, heat-up time is long, energy consumption is large in conventional drying or vacuum-drying simultaneously.Microwave vacuum drying temperature is generally at 0 ~ 60 DEG C, drying is carried out under low-temp low-pressure, oxygen level is low, dried material can be made to be oxidized slow down, thus the local flavor of guarantee material, outward appearance and color and luster, be applicable to the drying of heat-sensitive material, be specially adapted to the drying of ganoderma active polysaccharide, its rate of drying is tens times even tens times of conventional drying.
remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) ganoderan preparation method provided by the invention, adopt the extraction of overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption, high speed centrifugation, fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment and microwave vacuum drying process, extraction process is simple, energy consumption is low, time is short, better can retain the natural radioactivity of ganoderan, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production; Gained ganoderan powder can for preparing dissimilar food, protective foods or medicine.
(2) glossy ganoderma breaking method provided by the invention, compared with existing breaking method, crushing efficiency is high, and the time is short, and the extraction yield of ganoderma active polysaccharide is high, functionally active is intact, and is convenient to automated operation, can be used for industrialization scale operation.
(3) drying means of the present invention, compared with prior art, have the advantages such as rate of drying is fast, the time is short, temperature of charge is low, better can retain its color, smell and taste and activeconstituents, energy consumption is 1/20 ~ 1/10 of common equipment of crop drying.
Embodiment
A kind of preparation method of ganoderan, the steps include: glossy ganoderma stripping and slicing, after pulverizing, be suspended in pure water, extract 60 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C condition underflow stream circulating ultrasonic fragmentations, ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15 ~ 80KHz, and ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 24000W, and broken total time is 10 ~ 120min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5 ~ 20s, and the intermittent time is 5 ~ 20s, is cycled to repeat process; By extracting solution under 10 ~ 90 DEG C of conditions in 6000 ~ 18000r/min high speed centrifugation, 10 ~ 120min, remove throw out, by supernatant liquor through Ultra filtration membrane, collect active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction; By active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction recycling fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, regulate pH to be 4.0 ~ 6.0, pass into air, defoam, to reach the object removing Proteins In Aqueous Solutions; By the liquid microwave vacuum drying under-101KPa ~-31.2KPa after defoaming, microwave operational frequencies is 2400 ~ 2500MHz, and drying temperature is 0 ~ 60 DEG C, finally obtains ganoderan powder.
embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of ganoderan, the steps include: glossy ganoderma stripping and slicing, after pulverizing, get 10kg glossy ganoderma and be suspended in 100L pure water, extract 60 DEG C of condition underflow stream circulating ultrasonic fragmentations, ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15KHz, and ultrasonic power is 60W, and broken total time is 10min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 20s, and the intermittent time is 20s, is cycled to repeat process; By extracting solution under 90 DEG C of conditions in 6000r/min high speed centrifugation 120min, remove throw out, by supernatant liquor through Ultra filtration membrane, collect active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction; By active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction recycling fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, regulate pH to be 4.0, pass into air, defoam, to reach the object removing Proteins In Aqueous Solutions; To remove the ganoderan liquid microwave vacuum drying under-31.2KPa after protein, microwave operational frequencies is 2400MHz, and drying temperature is 60 DEG C, finally obtains ganoderan powder.
embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of ganoderan, the steps include: glossy ganoderma stripping and slicing, after pulverizing, get 10kg glossy ganoderma and be suspended in 100L pure water, extract 80 DEG C of condition underflow stream circulating ultrasonic fragmentations, ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 33KHz, and ultrasonic power is 4600W, and broken total time is 90min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 15s, and the intermittent time is 15s, is cycled to repeat process; By extracting solution under 40 DEG C of conditions in 10000r/min high speed centrifugation 90min, remove throw out, by supernatant liquor through Ultra filtration membrane, collect active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction; By active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction recycling fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, regulate pH to be 5.0, pass into air, defoam, to reach the object removing Proteins In Aqueous Solutions; To remove the ganoderan liquid microwave vacuum drying under-93.7KPa after protein, microwave operational frequencies is 2400MHz, and drying temperature is 40 DEG C, finally obtains ganoderan powder.
embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of ganoderan, the steps include: glossy ganoderma stripping and slicing, after pulverizing, get 10kg glossy ganoderma and be suspended in 100L pure water, extract 90 DEG C of condition underflow stream circulating ultrasonic fragmentations, ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 80KHz, and ultrasonic power is 24000W, and broken total time is 120min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5s, and the intermittent time is 20s, is cycled to repeat process; By extracting solution under 10 DEG C of conditions in 18000r/min high speed centrifugation 10min, remove throw out, by supernatant liquor through Ultra filtration membrane, collect active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction; By active polysaccharide ultrafiltrate fraction recycling fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, regulate pH to be 6.0, pass into air, defoam, to reach the object removing Proteins In Aqueous Solutions; To remove the ganoderan liquid microwave vacuum drying under-101KPa after protein, microwave operational frequencies is 2500MHz, and drying temperature is 0 DEG C, finally obtains ganoderan powder.
Sampling after overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption extracts, observes the broken situation of glossy ganoderma under 400 power microscopes, and display glossy ganoderma cell is completely broken; After measured, dried ganoderan powder water content≤7%.Extraction process of the present invention is simple, and energy consumption is low, and the time is short, better can retain the natural radioactivity of ganoderan, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production; Gained ganoderan powder can for preparing dissimilar food, protective foods or medicine.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a ganoderan, it is characterized in that: take glossy ganoderma as raw material, after being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption, adopt high speed centrifugation to divide and get supernatant liquor, supernatant liquor is removed protein by fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, then obtains ganoderan powder through microwave vacuum drying;
The parameter that described overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption extracts is: ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15 ~ 80KHz, ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 24000W, Extracting temperature is 60 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C, broken total time is 10 ~ 120min, wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5 ~ 20s, and the intermittent time is 5 ~ 20s, is cycled to repeat process.
2. the preparation method of ganoderan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the extracting parameter of described overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption is: ultrasonic wave cumulative operating frequency is 15 ~ 33KHz, ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 4600W, Extracting temperature is 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, broken total time is 10 ~ 90min, and wherein, the ultrasonic wave working hour is 5 ~ 15s, intermittent time is 5 ~ 15s, is cycled to repeat process.
3. the preparation method of ganoderan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption by glossy ganoderma, 6000 ~ 18000r/min high speed centrifugation, 10 ~ 120min under 10 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C conditions, removes throw out.
4. the preparation method of ganoderan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after being extracted by overflow circulating ultrasonic disruption by glossy ganoderma, 6000 ~ 14000r/min high speed centrifugation, 20 ~ 60min under 10 DEG C ~ 90 DEG C conditions, removes throw out.
5. the preparation method of ganoderan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when adopting fluid circling bubbling separation waste water treatment, regulates pH to be 4.0 ~ 6.0.
6. the preparation method of ganoderan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the vacuum degree control of described microwave vacuum drying is at-101KPa ~-31.2KPa, and microwave operational frequencies is 2400 ~ 2500MHz, and drying temperature is 0 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C.
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| CN103918954B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2016-04-06 | 重庆鸿紫圆光生物科技有限公司 | A kind of use ultrasonic wave to process food method and ultrasonic food processing machine |
| CN103936879A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 南华大学 | Plant polysaccharide extraction method based on ultrasonic waves |
| CN104910287A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-16 | 海南科技职业学院 | Extracting method of ganoderan |
| CN106589159B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-08-30 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | The extracting method and application of polysaccharide in a kind of mango processing waste |
| CN109497556B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江华康药业股份有限公司 | Low-sugar soybean oat powder with intestinal barrier protection function and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102617893A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-01 | 吉林省宏久生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation and application of composition of panaxoside Rg3, ginseng polysaccharide and ganoderan |
| CN102766221A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-07 | 苏州菩芸生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of ganoderan |
| CN102764620A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏大学 | Counterflow passing type ultrasonic processing equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102764620A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏大学 | Counterflow passing type ultrasonic processing equipment |
| CN102617893A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-01 | 吉林省宏久生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation and application of composition of panaxoside Rg3, ginseng polysaccharide and ganoderan |
| CN102766221A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-07 | 苏州菩芸生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of ganoderan |
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Denomination of invention: A preparation method of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide Effective date of registration: 20210208 Granted publication date: 20160120 Pledgee: China Co. truction Bank Corp Shunchang branch Pledgor: FUJIAN SHENLIU HEALTHY FOOD Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021350000028 |
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Date of cancellation: 20220114 Granted publication date: 20160120 Pledgee: China Co. truction Bank Corp Shunchang branch Pledgor: FUJIAN SHENLIU HEALTHY FOOD CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2021350000028 |
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Denomination of invention: A preparation method of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide Effective date of registration: 20220129 Granted publication date: 20160120 Pledgee: China Co. truction Bank Corp Shunchang branch Pledgor: FUJIAN SHENLIU HEALTHY FOOD CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022350000013 |