CN103693743A - Method for purifying domestic wastewater by using willows through super deep flow and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for purifying domestic wastewater by using willows through super deep flow and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103693743A CN103693743A CN201310709490.8A CN201310709490A CN103693743A CN 103693743 A CN103693743 A CN 103693743A CN 201310709490 A CN201310709490 A CN 201310709490A CN 103693743 A CN103693743 A CN 103693743A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for purifying domestic wastewater by using willows through super deep flow, which comprises the following steps: restoring eutrophic surface water through a super deep flow method by selecting red willows with excellent flooding tolerance; taking twigs of annual robust willows, and cutting into cutting slips with a length of 10-15cm; by taking a phenolic foam board as a carrier, planting the willow slips, and pre-culturing to accelerate rootage; transferring the willow seedlings into a tank containing domestic wastewater, wherein the contact area of the rhizospheres with the water body is enlarged through the deep and developed root systems of the red willows in combination with a super deep flow manner; and enabling a nutrient solution to circularly flow through a pump, thus increasing the oxygen supply to the rhizospheres. According to the red willow-based super deep flow method, nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body are effectively absorbed and purified, the wastewater treatment amount is increased, and the purification efficiency is improved. No secondary pollution is produced; and the aboveground biomass can be periodically harvested for wattling use, thus having high economic benefits and landscape effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment remediation field, relate to the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow (SDFT) and purify sanitary wastewater method.
Background technology
Body eutrophication has become the environmental problem that contemporary many countries pay close attention to the most gradually, and many lakes, river and reservoir suffer eutrophication in various degree.In China, because population growth and industrial or agricultural develop rapidly, be rich in a large number nutritive substance and be directly discharged in water body and go, cause water body eutrophication in various degree.Body eutrophication causes water ecosystem structure to be destroyed, and ecological functions are gone from bad to worse.Eutrophication also can cause water quality lack of water simultaneously, and also can the work the mischief effect of the objectionable impurities of eutrophication generation to HUMAN HEALTH.
There are now many ecological methods to repair eutrophication water, as ecological floating island, artificial swamp etc.But according to current observation, no matter artificial swamp, or ecological floating island, key is that vegetable material is selected.In China, no matter ecological floating island or artificial swamp, be mostly to select herbaceous plant, but Herb Root is shallow, and most of annual herb plant is kind value every year.
At present, fast-growing willow demonstrates the very big advantage in environment remediation, especially shrub willow.Willow has some features of applicable environment remediation: the environment of adaptation wide (as barren in arid, nutrition etc.); Fast-growing (juvenile phase growth is exceedingly fast), transpiration rate is high, and rising evapotranspiration is strong; Photosynthetic efficiency is high, and biomass is large; Root system is dark and flourishing (fixing soil); Nutrient Absorption high (stronger nitrogen, phosphorus receptivity); The extremely strong resistance to ability of flooding, easily produces adventive root, and easily long term growth is in the environment of water saturation anoxic; Very easily vegetative propagation, cuttage very easily survives; Extremely strong sprouting ability.Due to resistance to, flood, willow is easily set up population in streamside, is distributed widely in easy flooded Plain.Think at present, willow is sallow composition feature to flooding adaptability, and therefore many willows are cultivated in the place of frequent waterflooding and long-term waterflooding, so willow is the desirable xylophyta that builds artificial swamp.
Willow is divided into shrub, dungarunga and arbor.As the important resource plant in the world, can be used as fuel, papermaking, fiber raw material, sheet material, braiding and cattle food etc.Willow is main energy sources seeds, and especially shrub willow, has the proterties that produces racemosus, has great biomass production potentiality.The states such as America and Europe utilize shrub willow intensive cultivating in short felling cycle to solve energy demand.Willow has applicable short period cultivation characteristic, makes it to become the most desirable energy seeds.Utilize the cultivation of short period coppiceization, can realize once cultivation and be benefited for many years.Short felling cycle, willow coppice was easy to mechanized cultivation and results, can gather in the crops continuously 20 ~ 25 years, and annual per hectare can produce 10 ~ 15t dry-matter, and short period willow coppice.
Short felling cycle, willow coppice can efficiently utilize waste water, and as urban domestic wastewater, trade effluent, refuse landfill penetrating fluid etc., wherein municipal wastewater is considered to the desirable nutritive medium of willow energy forest.By waste water irrigation willow artificial forest, waste water gets utilization.Willow root system can also be woven into root net, and root district has formed microbial film, can effectively absorb and remove nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage.The states such as Sweden and Poland apply the short phase willow coppice system purification water pollution of taking turns, and greatly improve Water quality, and output bioenergy, has remarkable ecology and economic benefit simultaneously.
At present, willow is repaired eutrophication water mainly by following several forms: plant-soil sanitation system, artificial constructed plant-special matrix purification system, artificial swamp and the riparian forest ecosystem etc.By willow soil-plant purification system, repair European timber depot and produce waste water, effectively reduce total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble phenolics equal size, willow repairing effect is obviously better than other plant.Utilize willow-special matrix (non-soil-medium) to repair sewage, as willow-sandstone matrix system is repaired sanitary wastewater, the purification efficiency that BOD has reduced by 90%, N, P, K is respectively 57.7%, 90.6%, 24.9%, and sandstone treatment system purification efficiency is higher than plant-soil matrix.Utilize willow artificial swamp method, Poland utilize wormwood artemisia willow (
s. viminalis) etc. build artificial swamp and remove nutrient salt in water and heavy metal, summer (growth season),, higher than autumn and winter, willow showed as efficient absorption to vitriol, Cl, Fe etc.Willow riverbank buffer strip improves water quality, builds willow bank woods, the eutrophication waters such as river training, pond, streams, as Salix gracilistyla (
s. gracilistyla) purifying eutrophication water body.
The above method, mainly builds willow artificial forest by big area, then by waste water irrigation approach, realizes purification of waste water.China soil money anxiety, especially developed regions, east, this method is not strong in China's operability.
China's willow aboundresources, some of them kind is artificial modified, and many kinds have stronger fast-growing, resistance toly flood, nitrogen phosphorus high absorbent capacity.Purple willow (
salixintegra) be the distinctive good shrub willow of China, height is 1 ~ 2m, extremely resistance toly floods, fast-growing, and rudiment updating ability is strong, and 3 d just can produce adventive root.The fraction of the year of per in China, summer autumn harvest obtains 2 times, as braided material.
In recent years, the cultivation technique without soil such as thin layer nutrient film (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT), dark liquid stream (Deep Flow Technique, DFT) promoted the use in environment remediation.DFT(Deep Flow Technique wherein, DFT) be dark liquid stream circulating cultivation technology, refer to that plant strain growth is dark and be a kind of water culture technique in mobile nutritive medium, make root system be placed in DFT, adopt water pump intermittently starting feed flow that nutritive medium is circulated, be Advanced Mode comparatively in soilless culture simultaneously, this planting type and NFT(nutrient film technology) basic identical, institute's difference refers to that cultivation bed is darker, is generally 5 ~ 15 cm.
In soilless culture, no matter NFT or DFT are generally and save nutritive medium consumption and design.So it is not identical that NFT and DFT use with sewage disposal in soilless culture, in soilless culture, nutritive medium consumption is restricted.In sewage disposal, we need to increase sewage load, and NFT and DFT can not meet the demands.Even DFT, Depth Nutrient Solution also only has the 10 ~ 15cm of being, but limit by Depth Nutrient Solution, and this method processing wastewater flow rate is little, and purification efficiency is low,
Based on wastewater treatment, select purple willow as purifying plant, because purple willow has dark and flourishing root system.For this reason, we propose super dark liquid stream (Super Deep Flow Technique, SDFT) concept, break through conventional dark liquid stream (DFT) wastewater treatment capacity is limited.The present invention, more than the degree of depth of liquid stream is brought up to 50cm, utilizes extremely resistance toly flood, fast-growing shrub willow---purple willow well developed root system and deeply, absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in water.Select phenolic foam board (PF) as carrier, PF plate has that light weight, toughness are strong, nontoxic, not embrittlement, imitative corruption, anti-aging characteristic, special ability organic solution, strong acid, weak base corrosion, for green material, stronger supporting capacity, be applicable to shrub willow fixing and floating, increase shrub willow support degree.With submersible pump and regularly the phase control water body flow, nutritive medium circulates, and makes the nutrition such as the effective absorbed nitrogen of plant, phosphorus.New features are sprouted in utilization, and results ground biomass, upgrades naturally, does not need annual cultivation.Overground part can be given the oxygen supply of root bottom, thereby improves rhizosphere nitrification ability.This method is improved the shortcomings such as common DFT treatment capacity is low, and the super dark stream method of willow has obviously improved wastewater treatment capacity and purification efficiency.Meanwhile, within 1 year, can gather in ground biomass 2 times, for braiding etc., there is distinct economic, have again obvious landscape effect.
In China, purple willow extensively uses purple willow braiding to produce and daily necessities, has obvious economic worth.At present, purple willow genetic improvement dynamics is very big, and in production, the range of goods of application, demonstrates very easily asexual multiplication ability, has grow fast, output advantages of higher, and leaf can be used as the feed of livestock.In China, purple willow is gathered in 2 times every year, gathers in the crops respectively in summer and winter, is called summer bar and autumn bar.After each harvesting, overground part upgrades, and once cultivates income for many years, has larger economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method that the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow purifies sanitary wastewater, by following steps, realize:
(1) to select annual diameter be 1cm without the purple willow of the strong shape of disease and pest (
salix integra) branch is as purifying plant, being cut into length is 15 ~ 20cm cuttings, end is for cutting sth. askew; Then 1 ~ the 2d that is soaked in water suctions moisture, and water is changed 3 times in centre;
(2), using phenolic foam board (PF plate) as willow prop carrier, by suctioning the cuttings of moisture, by seeding row spacing 10 * 15cm, cuttage enters on the phenolic foam board (PF plate) that quality softness and flexible thickness are 3 ~ 5cm.
(3) build tank: with cement and fragment of brick, be built into dark 50cm, wide 60cm tank, tank is coated waterproof paint antiseep;
(4) transferring in tank with cutting PF plate;
(5) first in tank, inject 10 ~ 20cm tap water highly, hestening rooting (approximately 5 ~ 7d is taken root), rudiment, by the time root system development is good, make Liu Miao growth adaptation 14d, add sanitary sewage to 40 cm, make to float containing Liu Miao PF plate, tank water is the eutrophication water that contains sanitary wastewater, with submersible pump, waste water circulation is flowed, promote sanitary wastewater to flow, purifying water body pollutes;
(6) biomass (leaf and stem) of results willow overground part, leaf and stem accumulation nutritive substance, results ground biomass, in conjunction with rhizosphere process, reaches removal nutritional purpos, and purple willow branch, for braiding, can gather in 2 times for 1 year, once cultivates income for many years.Water quality reaches after purification standard, can be discharged in environment and go.
Another object of the present invention is to provide described method and is utilizing shrub Liu Liu seedling to cultivate the application in purifying water, and shrub willow is selected purple willow, is mainly to select purple willow Liu Miao cultivation to purify water.
The present invention utilize purple willow (
s. integra) fast-growing, high productivity, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition demand are large, effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water, and the extremely resistance to waterflooding of purple willow, root system has to the ability of water body delivering oxygen, promotes the removing of the active further raising of aerobic microorganism to nitrogen and phosphorus in water body, thereby reaches the effect purifying water.
The present invention utilizes very fast life, the resistance to shrub willow of flooding---purple willow (
s. integra) as rehabilitation plant; Selection quality is soft, toughness is higher, and imitative fiery warming plate (PF) plate of ageing-resistant phenolic aldehyde purifies water as Liu Miao carrier, and does not produce secondary pollution.The super dark liquid stream method of the present invention, the degree of depth is 50 ~ 120cm, and a kind of method of administering eutrophy surface water is provided.The present invention selects nitrogen and phosphorus in the effective absorption of the super dark stream method of purple willow and purifying water body, increases wastewater treatment capacity, has improved purification efficiency.When not producing secondary pollution, regularly gather in the crops ground biomass, can, for braiding, there is higher economic benefit and landscape effect.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
embodiment 1
Application example is implemented in Zhejiang University experimental farm, and sanitary sewage is taken from the Hua Jiachi of Zhejiang University school district.Concrete steps comprise as follows:
Collection is without disease and pest, the strong annual purple willow branch of shape of growth, and rugosity is 1cm.Cut and grow into 10 ~ 20cm cutting, cutting end is for cutting sth. askew.For hestening rooting, reduce root secondary substance and suppress, the cutting of having sheared is placed on and in water, soaks 24h.Select thickness be 5cm PF plate as carrier, cutting by 10 * 15cm seeding row spacing cuttage to PF plate.
Set up tank, building is 50 cm deeply, and width is 45, length is 500 cm cement tubs, and cement tub thickness of wall body is 6cm, with waterproof paint, is coated with one deck with water-impervious.
Moving on in cement tub and go with cutting PF plate, follow these steps to operate.
In the 1st stage, cement tub injects the tap water that 10 cm are dark, makes rooting of cuttings.Root system development is good, and height of seedling is 30 cm,
In the 2nd stage, to cement tub, add the Hua Jiachi of Zhejiang University school district sanitary sewage.With submersible pump, make water body flow.Then every 7 days, collect water sample, analytic routines water-quality guideline.Table 1 is purification result.
In table, be that during super dark liquid stream is processed after 21 days, the variation of water-quality guideline, significantly reduces ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration through the super dark liquid flow method of willow place.
embodiment 2
Experiment is carried out in greenhouse, Zhejiang University experimental farm, builds cement tub on the ground with brick and cement, and length is 5 m, and width is 40 cement tubs, and the degree of depth is 50 cm, is coated on cell wall, with water-impervious with waterproof paint.
Gather 1 year raw branch of purple willow, rugosity is 1 cm, makes 10 cm cuttings, and by 10 * 15 cm spacing in the rows, being fitly inserted in thickness is on 3 cm phenolic foam boards, (length and width are applicable on the cystose of tank).
Moving on in cement tub and go with cutting PF plate,
In the 1st stage, cement tub injects the tap water that 10 cm are dark, makes rooting of cuttings.Root system development is good, and height of seedling is 30 cm,
Then (N concentration is 15.28 mg l to inject Hua Jiachi lake water
-1, P concentration is 15 mg l
-1).With submersible pump, make water body flow.Then results of regular determination change of water quality.Table 2 is change of water quality.Deep water liquid stream significantly reduces N and P concentration in lake water, and after 10 d, N clearance is 70.9%, and tp removal rate is 48.4%.
Claims (6)
1. the super dark liquid stream of willow purifies a method for sanitary wastewater, it is characterized in that, by following steps, realizes:
(1) select purple willow branch as purifying plant, being cut into length is 15 ~ 20cm cuttings, and end is for cutting sth. askew; Then be soaked in water and within 1 ~ 2 day, suction moisture, water is changed 3 times in centre;
(2), using phenolic foam board as willow prop carrier, by suctioning the cuttings of moisture, by seeding row spacing 10 * 15cm, cuttage enters the phenolic foam board that thickness is 3 ~ 5cm;
(3) build tank, dark 50cm, wide 60cm;
(4) transferring in tank with cutting phenolic foam board;
(5) first in tank, inject 10 ~ 20cm tap water highly, hestening rooting, rudiment, by the time root system development is good, make Liu Miao growth adaptation 14 days, add sanitary sewage to 40 cm, make to float containing Liu Miao phenolic foam board, tank water is the eutrophication water that contains sanitary wastewater, with submersible pump, waste water circulation is flowed, promote sanitary wastewater to flow, purifying water body pollutes;
(6) biomass of results willow overground part, reaches removal nutritional purpos, and the purple willow branch of results is for braiding, and harvesting in a year 2 times, once cultivates income for many years.
2. the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow according to claim 1 purifies the method for sanitary wastewater, it is characterized in that, it is that 1cm is without the purple willow branch of the strong shape of disease and pest that step (1) is selected annual diameter.
3. the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow according to claim 1 purifies the method for sanitary wastewater, it is characterized in that, the described tank of step (3) selects cement and fragment of brick to be built into, and cell wall is coated waterproof paint antiseep.
4. the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow according to claim 1 purifies the method for sanitary wastewater, it is characterized in that, the described hestening rooting time of step (5) is 5 ~ 7 days.
5. the super dark liquid stream of a kind of willow according to claim 1 purifies the method for sanitary wastewater, it is characterized in that, the biomass of the willow overground part that step (6) is described is Folium Pterocaryae and stem.
6. the method for the super dark liquid stream purification sanitary wastewater of a kind of willow according to claim 1, utilizing shrub Liu Liu seedling to cultivate the application in purifying water, is characterized in that, shrub willow selects purple willow Liu Miao cultivation to purify water.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104365458A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 东北师范大学 | Northeast osier branch cuttage method |
| CN104556393A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 肖艳辉 | Method for remedying cadmium pollution in eutrophic water body with fennel |
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| US6250237B1 (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 2001-06-26 | Louis A. Licht | Method for using tree crops as pollutant control |
| CN101125711A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-02-20 | 浙江大学 | Method for treating eutrophication water body by herbaceous plant waterborne planting |
| CN101306880A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-11-19 | 浙江大学 | Process for harnessing eutrophication water body by interplanting plant on water |
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2013
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6250237B1 (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 2001-06-26 | Louis A. Licht | Method for using tree crops as pollutant control |
| CN101125711A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-02-20 | 浙江大学 | Method for treating eutrophication water body by herbaceous plant waterborne planting |
| CN101306880A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-11-19 | 浙江大学 | Process for harnessing eutrophication water body by interplanting plant on water |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 林慧凤等: "浮床栽培柳树在富营养化水体中的", 《湖北大学学报（自然科学版）》, vol. 31, no. 2, 30 June 2009 (2009-06-30), pages 210 - 212 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365458A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 东北师范大学 | Northeast osier branch cuttage method |
| CN104365458B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-20 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of northeast purple willow branch cutting method |
| CN104556393A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 肖艳辉 | Method for remedying cadmium pollution in eutrophic water body with fennel |
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| CN103693743B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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