CN103691969B - A kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals - Google Patents
A kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103691969B CN103691969B CN201310662058.8A CN201310662058A CN103691969B CN 103691969 B CN103691969 B CN 103691969B CN 201310662058 A CN201310662058 A CN 201310662058A CN 103691969 B CN103691969 B CN 103691969B
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- plasma jet
- cold
- ultrasonic vibration
- diamond cutter
- ferrous metal
- Prior art date
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals, the regulation and control of atmosphere cold plasma jet are cut interface and are combined with ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.Under atmospheric conditions, after being drawn by the cold-plasma jet insulated conduit that the electric discharge of graphite needles bare electrode produces, be delivered to cutting zone, can the contact interface of Effective Regulation diamond cutter and ferrous metal.Active carbon particle in jet is gathered in the contact interface of diamond cutter and ferrous metal, and the active particle of ferrous metal surface absorption simultaneously can stop diamond cutter directly to contact with ferrous metal, suppresses the chemical abrasion of diamond cutter.Complicated thermodynamic activity when the cavitation of ultrasonic vibration forms high pressure and cuts promotes that the active particle in cold plasma jet reacts with newborn ferrous metal surface, generate the material lower than ferrous metal with diamond chemical affinity, strengthening suppresses the effect of wear of diamond cutter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals, belong to the Cutting Process technical field of machine-building.
Background technology
Diamond tool has the characteristics such as hardness is high, thermal conductivity is good, can grind into the ultra precision cutting cutter that cutting edge is extremely sharp.But the high chemical affinity of itself and Fe atom causes easily graphitization occurring during cutting ferrous metals, produces serious chemical abrasion, is difficult to be applied in ferrous metal ultra precision cutting.
Utilize ultrasonic vibration assisted machining ferrous metal, tool wear has larger improvement, but the raising of the chatter mark limiting surface quality of ultrasonic vibration generation.Utilize cooled with liquid nitrogen can effectively suppress diamond chemical abrasion, but workpiece is difficult to reach degree of precision because of cooling strain.Tool wear can be alleviated to carrying out Diamond Cutting after ferrous metal surface nitriding, but pretreatment causes the problems such as workpiece deformation to be difficult to evade.Though said method can realize improving wear of diamond cutter, have also been changed surface of the work performance.
Publication number is that the patent of invention of CN102059350A describes a kind of cutting process using dry electrostatic to cool, and dry electrostatic cooling technology is as the green processing technologies of cutting region lubrication cooling medium using the air stream through Corona discharge Treatment.Active particle in ionized air stream acts on the plastic deformation resistance that surface of the work can reduce material, and simultaneously the border film that formed of cutter-work contact zone and passivation layer reduce frictional force, and cutting force is significantly reduced.But the degree of ionization of air is very low in dry electrostatic cooling technology, the active particle concentration in air-flow is also lower, cannot reach better effect.
Cold plasma is the plasma that a kind of macro-temperature is lower, and the ion of enriched, electronics, excited atom, molecule and free radical isoreactivity particle, therefore, be easier to react with contacted material surface.Cold-plasma jet is that the plasma discharge in short space is drawn the jet-like cold plasma formed, its ion and metastable atom concentration is higher, electron temperature is high, macro-temperature is low, uniform parts is comparatively large, controllability is good, is conveniently applied among a small circle or Local treatment.During machining, active particle in cold plasma easily reacts with newborn ferrous metal surface and generates the material low with diamond chemical affinity under the heat and power effect of complexity, the active particle of ferrous metal surface absorption simultaneously can stop diamond cutter directly to contact with ferrous metal, suppresses the chemical abrasion of diamond cutter.
In addition, bare electrode under atmospheric pressure discharges generation cold plasma, can prevent electrode and workpiece electrical discharge.Graphite needles bare electrode discharges the cold-plasma jet that can produce containing active carbon particle, and during machining, the active carbon particle in jet is gathered in the contact interface of diamond cutter and ferrous metal, and carbon saturated environment is conducive to weakening diamond graphitization.
Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can avoid the high frequency friction of cutter and workpiece, improves workpiece surface quality, effectively prevents point of a knife from collapsing broken, the generation of restrain built-up edge and scale, reduces the residual stress of surface of the work.
While ultrasonic vibration assists diamond cutter to cut, atmosphere cold plasma jet is sprayed to cutting region, cutter-work, cutter-bits interface is made to be immersed in the high concentration active particle of cold-plasma jet, effectively can suppress the chemical abrasion of diamond cutter, play the lubrication effect better than dry electrostatic cooling technology simultaneously.Ultrasonic vibration assists diamond cutter cutting to regulate and control cutting region to suppress the correlative study of diamond cutter chemical abrasion in conjunction with atmosphere cold plasma jet, is not reported so far.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of regulate and control the method for diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals, ultrasonic vibration assisted machining and atmosphere cold plasma jet regulate and control to cut interface phase and are combined.The electric discharge of the present invention's graphite needles bare electrode produces cold-plasma jet under atmospheric conditions.Cold plasma is delivered to cutting zone with insulated conduit after drawing, can the contact interface of Effective Regulation diamond cutter and ferrous metal.Active carbon particle in jet is gathered in the contact interface of diamond cutter and ferrous metal, is conducive to weakening ferrous metal catalysis diamond graphitization.The active particle of ferrous metal surface absorption can stop diamond cutter directly to contact with ferrous metal, suppresses the chemical abrasion of diamond cutter.Complicated thermodynamic activity when the cavitation of ultrasonic vibration forms high pressure and cuts promotes that the active particle in cold plasma jet reacts with newborn ferrous metal surface, generates the material lower than ferrous metal with diamond chemical affinity.Ultrasonic vibration installation can carry out one dimension or two dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.
Equipment for the method for diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals comprises cold-plasma jet generating means and ultrasonic vibration system.
Cold plasma generating means comprises graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator and air supply system; Working gas enters graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator through air supply system; Graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator is fixed on lathe, can with diamond cutter synchro-feed; The high and low pressure output of high voltage source is connected with the electrode of graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator respectively; Produce the cold-plasma jet containing activated carbon ion, after drawing with insulated conduit, be sent to machining region; Conduit is arranged near point of a knife, and outlet is just to the position of cutting region.
Ultrasonic vibration system comprises ultrasonic signal generator, ultrasonic vibration installation and diamond cutter.Wherein, ultrasonic vibration installation can realize One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining or two dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.
During cutting, open air supply system, make working gas enter in graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator with suitable flow; Open high voltage source, improve output voltage gradually, until the outlet of conduit produces stable plasma jet; The position of adjustment conduit and direction, enable cutting region cutter-work, cutter-bits contact interface be immersed among cold-plasma jet.
Open ultrasonic signal generator, ultrasonic electric signals transfers to ultrasonic vibration installation, ultrasonic electric signals is converted to supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation, drives diamond cutter to do supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation, cutting workpiece.
Now, tool setting, cutting can be started.As interrupted cut or processing discontinuous surface, cold-plasma jet and ultrasonic vibration installation can continuous operations, and midway need not be closed; Temporarily stop as cut or terminate, can directly close cold plasma generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation.Next time adds man-hour, only cold plasma generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation directly need be opened and can produce cold-plasma jet and drive diamond cutter to do supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation.
Usefulness of the present invention is: atmosphere cold plasma jet macro-temperature is low, the wherein ion of enriched, electronics, excited atom, molecule and free radical isoreactivity particle, can react with the unsalted surface of ferrous metal during cutting and generate the material lower with diamond chemism, to contact interface real-time monitoring, and without the need to carrying out pretreatment to ferrous metal.Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can reduce cutting force, heat in metal cutting, promotes that the active particle in cold plasma jet and fresh ferrous metal surface react.Active carbon particles in jet etc. are gathered in contact interface, and diamond cutter can be stoped directly to contact with ferrous metal, thus improve cutter life.Drawn by jet after forming flexible plasma jet and be sent to cutting zone, it is safer, convenient to use, processing ease.The present invention is the various metal of controllable, nonmetallic working angles also, to environment and operating personnel without any harm, is a kind of green cutting method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic vibration and cold-plasma jet assisted machining schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is two-dimension vibration and cold-plasma jet assisted machining schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 is graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator, and 2 is ultrasonic signal generator, and 3 is ultrasonic vibration installation, 4 is diamond cutter, and 5 is workpiece, 6 adjustable fluid flow gauge, 7 pressure-reducing valves, 8 work gas body sources, 9 high voltage sourcies, 10 double-channel signal generators, 11 power amplifiers, 12 two dimensional ultrasonic vibration systems, 13 cold-plasma jets, 14 conduits.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.The present invention relates to a kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals, use the equipment of the method to comprise cold-plasma jet generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation.
Cold plasma generating means comprises graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1, adjustable fluid flow gauge 6 pressure-reducing valve 7, work gas body source 8, high voltage source 9, conduit 14.
Before cutting, according to accompanying drawing, these equipment are connected respectively: working gas enters graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1 by work gas body source 8 through pressure-reducing valve 7 and adjustable fluid flow gauge 6; The high and low pressure output of high voltage source 9 is connected with the electrode of graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1 respectively; Graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1 is fixed on lathe, can with diamond cutter 4 synchro-feed; Conduit 14 is arranged near point of a knife, and outlet is just to the position of cutting region.Open pressure-reducing valve 7, adjustment adjustable fluid flow gauge 6, makes working gas enter in graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1 with suitable flow; Open high voltage source 9, improve output voltage gradually, until the outlet of conduit 14 produces stable plasma jet 13; The position of adjustment conduit 14 and direction, enable cutting region cutter-work, cutter-bits contact interface be immersed among cold-plasma jet 13.
Ultrasonic vibration installation comprises ultrasonic signal generator 2, ultrasonic vibration installation 3, diamond cutter 4.
Before cutting, open ultrasonic signal generator 2, ultrasonic electric signals transfers to ultrasonic vibration installation 3, ultrasonic electric signals is converted to supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation, drives diamond cutter 4 to do supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation, cutting workpiece 5.Wherein ultrasonic vibration installation 3 can realize One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining or two dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.
Now, tool setting, cutting can be started.As interrupted cut or processing discontinuous surface, cold-plasma jet and ultrasonic vibration installation can continuous operations, and midway need not be closed; Temporarily stop as cut or terminate, can directly close cold plasma generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation.Next time adds man-hour, only cold plasma generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation directly need be opened and can produce cold-plasma jet and drive diamond cutter to do supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation.
Specific embodiment:
The present embodiment assists diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals for realizing cold-plasma jet regulation and control two dimensional ultrasonic vibration.
The form that graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1 uses bare electrode to discharge, the cold-plasma jet that this type of electrode produces can not and metal between there is arc through and discharge.High voltage source 9 adopts mid-frequency sinusoidal alternating current wave source, the high-voltage output end center connecting needle electrode of high voltage source 9, and low-voltage output connects injector electrode and ground connection.
Work gas body source 8 adopts the high pure nitrogen of purity 99.999%.
Workpiece 5 and diamond cutter 4, installing, clamping and after tool setting, be fixed on slip crate by graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator 1, make fluidic conduit 14 export apart from cutter-work contact zone 15mm.
Open pressure-reducing valve 7, adjustment adjustable fluid flow gauge 6, makes flow reach 0.8m
3/ h; Open high voltage source 9, from 0, increase electric power output voltage gradually, until cold-plasma jet 13 is spouting from conduit 14, jet temperature is suitable with room temperature.
The orientation of further adjustment conduit 14, makes the tip of cutter 4 be immersed in completely among cold-plasma jet 13 and does not affect the carrying out of cutting.
Open double-channel signal generator 10 and power amplifier 11.In double-channel signal generator 10, set amplitude and the frequency of two sinusoidal signals, through power amplifier 11 amplify after transfer to two dimensional ultrasonic vibration system 12, then diamond cutter 4 can along elliptical orbit produce supersonic frequency vibration turnery processing is carried out to workpiece 5.If only arrange a sinusoidal signal in double-channel signal generator 10, power amplifier 11 only opens one, then ultrasonic vibration installation is only along a direction vibration, realizes One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.
Adjust cold-plasma jet generating means and ultrasonic vibration installation, then can open lathe, start machining.
Claims (1)
1. a method for diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals, is characterized in that:
The method adopts atmosphere cold plasma jet regulation and control ultrasonic vibration assisted machining ferrous metal, uses the equipment of the method to comprise cold-plasma jet generating means and ultrasonic vibration system;
Cold-plasma jet generating means comprises graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator and air supply system; Working gas enters graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator through air supply system; Graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator is fixed on lathe, can with diamond cutter synchro-feed; The high and low pressure output of high voltage source is connected with the electrode of graphite needles bare electrode cold plasma jet generator respectively, produces the cold-plasma jet containing activated carbon ion, is sent to machining region after drawing with insulated conduit; Conduit is arranged near point of a knife, and outlet is just to the position of cutting region;
Ultrasonic vibration system comprises ultrasonic signal generator, ultrasonic vibration installation and diamond cutter; Wherein, ultrasonic vibration installation can realize One-Dimensional Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining or two dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted machining;
During cutting, open cold-plasma jet generating means; Open high voltage source, improve output voltage gradually, until the outlet of conduit produces stable cold-plasma jet; The position of adjustment conduit and direction, enable cutting region cutter-work, cutter-bits contact interface be immersed among cold-plasma jet; Open ultrasonic signal generator, ultrasonic electric signals transfers to ultrasonic vibration installation, ultrasonic electric signals is converted to supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation, drives diamond cutter to do supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310662058.8A CN103691969B (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2013-12-06 | A kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310662058.8A CN103691969B (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2013-12-06 | A kind of method of diamond cutter cutting ferrous metals |
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| CN103691969A CN103691969A (en) | 2014-04-02 |
| CN103691969B true CN103691969B (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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| CN106944874A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-14 | 上海理工大学 | The new heat dissipating method of metal that a kind of utilization low-temperature current takes away heat |
| CN110480365A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-22 | 深圳大学 | Turnery processing lathe and method for turning |
| CN111842940A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Ultra-precision machining method and device based on combined cutting |
| CN114290533B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-02-09 | 鹰普航空科技有限公司 | Honing lathe tool for machining surface roughness of aviation graphite sleeve and use method |
| CN114833596A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳迈菲精密有限公司 | Ultrasonic main shaft |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN102625557A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Generating device for atmospheric bare electrode cold plasma jet |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006114450A (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-27 | Yutaka Electronics Industry Co Ltd | Plasma generating device |
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2013
- 2013-12-06 CN CN201310662058.8A patent/CN103691969B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1240546A1 (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1986-06-30 | Korotkov Valentin P | Cooled cutting tool |
| CN87102713A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The diamond ultraprecision cutting technology of Summoning and difficult-to-machine material |
| CN102528077A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-07-04 | 清华大学 | Processing method of ferrous metal super-finishing surface |
| CN102601677A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 大连理工大学 | Atmospheric cold plasma jet auxiliary cutting method |
| CN102625557A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Generating device for atmospheric bare electrode cold plasma jet |
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| Title |
|---|
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