CN103666436A - 一种酸性改性海藻胶压裂液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种酸性改性海藻胶压裂液：由0.20~1.20%改性海藻胶、0.30~1.00%粘土稳定剂、0.30~1.00%助排剂、0.05~0.20%杀菌剂、0.05~0.15%破乳剂、0.50~20.0%pH调节剂、0.50~2.00%交联剂和0.01~0.10%破胶剂组成；该压裂液基液粘度低，流动性好，在有机锆交联剂作用下形成空间网状结构，冻胶能够挑挂，在70℃、170S-1、3.5MPa下剪切60min，粘度在50mPa.s以上，在过硫酸铵作用下2小时内可彻底破胶，破胶液粘度小于4mPa.s，表面张力小于25mN/m，残渣含量小于350mg/L，静态沉砂速率小于0.05cm/min。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田油水井增产技术领域，特别涉及一种酸性改性海藻胶压裂液。
背景技术
水力压裂是低渗透油气田有效开发的主要措施，理想的压裂液应该是在施工中具有一定的粘度，能满足造缝和携砂的要求，而在施工结束后能够迅速彻底破胶，以保证压裂液的快速返排，从而降低对储层和支撑裂缝的伤害。
水基压裂液常用的增稠剂为各种天然植物胶、纤维素衍生物和人工合成聚合物三大类，由于植物胶类衍生物具有一系列的优点，再加上成本较低，在压裂液增稠剂方面使用量占90％以上。植物胶主要有胍胶、田菁胶、香豆胶、魔芋胶等，除胍胶外，其他植物胶一是种植少，货源有限，二是作为压裂液，其耐温耐剪切和储层保护方面还有所欠缺。胍胶由豆科植物瓜尔豆的种子经过工业加工而得。原料主要产地是印度和巴基斯坦的干燥地带（约占全球95％产量），2011年全球总产量约35万吨左右（胶片），其中油田材料方面用量约30％，食品行业约70％。胍胶为陆生增稠剂的代表，受自然气候、人为因素影响较大，而且产量波动大，且为进口，受控于人，供需矛盾突出，2011年底以来，价格飞涨，给国内低渗油气田开发造成了巨大的成本压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，由改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、助排剂、杀菌剂、破乳剂、交联剂和破胶剂组成
本发明所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液具体所用添加剂按重量100%配比如下：
其中：
基液中的改性海藻胶合成方法如下：将100重量份海藻胶分散在800~1000重量份氢氧化钠溶液（质量浓度：10%）中，常温下搅拌10~20分钟，同时开始加温，温度升至75℃±3℃后，加入80~100份氯乙酸钠，保持温度，搅拌反应3~4小时，加乙酸或氢氧化钠调节pH至中性，洗涤烘干粉碎得到改性海藻胶。
其他添加剂为油田常用产品，其中：
交联剂为有机锆交联剂，代号JL-12，由长庆化工集团生产。
破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。根据储层温度和施工条件选定种类和加量。
粘土稳定剂为氯化钾、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的COP-1或其他同类产品。根据储层粘土类型和含量选定种类和加量。
助排剂为长庆化工集团生产的CF-5C、CF-5D，或其他同类产品。根据储层状况选定种类和加量。
杀菌剂为十二烷基二甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的CJSJ-2、CJSJ-3或其他同类产品。根据区域水质和细菌类型选定种类和加量。
破乳剂为聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丙二醇醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯乙二胺、长庆化工集团生产的BE-2或其他同类产品。根据储层流体性质选定种类和加量。
pH调节剂为甲酸、乙酸、盐酸。
基液配制过程：
加水至混调器中，加入杀菌剂，搅拌1分钟，然后缓慢加入改性海藻胶，要求防止形成“鱼眼”，搅拌10分钟，再加入粘土稳定剂、助排剂、破乳剂和pH调节剂，搅拌5分钟。要求基液溶胀1小时以上，并且在使用前充分搅匀。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，冻胶可以含有不同种类和浓度的酸液，能够有效解除储层结垢堵塞，也能很好地溶蚀方解石、白云石等酸溶性矿物，同时该体系具有良好的携砂、耐温耐剪切、破胶和储层保护性能，能够满足70℃以内地层的加砂压裂要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液900mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌15分钟，开始加温，温度升至75℃后，加入90g氯乙酸钠，保持温度，搅拌反应3小时，调节pH至6，洗涤、烘干、粉碎得到1#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂和pH调节剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:1.2制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表1，能够满足50℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表1体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 21 | 破胶时间，min | 105 |
| 交联液pH值 | 4 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 3.3 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 69 | 静态滤失系数，m/min0.5 | 9.337×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 364 | 表/界面张力，mN/m | 23.3/1.6 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（50℃），mPa.s | 60 | 残渣含量，mg/L | 203.7 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm/min | 0.05 |
实施例2
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液950mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌15分钟，开始加温，温度升至75℃后，加入100g氯乙酸钠，保持温度，搅拌反应3小时，调节pH至7，洗涤、烘干、粉碎得到2#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂和pH调节剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:1.6制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表2，能够满足60℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表2体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 33 | 破胶时间，min | 90 |
| 交联液pH值 | 4 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 3.5 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 76 | 静态滤失系数，m/min0.5 | 8.675×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 398 | 表/界面张力，mN/m | 23.4/1.5 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（60℃），mPa.s | 59 | 残渣含量，mg/L | 267.3 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm/min | 0.05 |
实施例3
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液860mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌20分钟，开始加温，温度升至75℃后，加入100g氯乙酸钠，保持温度，搅拌反应4小时，调节pH至6，洗涤、烘干、粉碎得到3#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂和pH调节剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:2.0制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表3，能够满足70℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表3体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 42 | 破胶时间，min | 90 |
| 交联液pH值 | 1 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 3.1 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 85 | 静态滤失系数，m/min0.5 | 7.167×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 426 | 表/界面张力，mN/m | 23.2/1.4 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（70℃），mPa.s | 63 | 残渣含量，mg/L | 318.4 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm/min | 0.04 |
Claims (9)
1.一种酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：由以下组成按重量100%混合而成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：改性海藻胶通过以下方法合成：将100重量份海藻胶分散在800~1000重量份质量浓度10%氢氧化钠溶液中，常温下搅拌10~20分钟，同时开始加温，温度升至75℃±3℃后，加入80~100重量份氯乙酸钠，保持温度，搅拌反应3~4小时，加乙酸或氢氧化钠调节pH至中性，洗涤、烘干、粉碎得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：粘土稳定剂为氯化钾、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的COP-1或其他同类产品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：助排剂为长庆化工集团生产的CF-5C、CF-5D，或其他同类产品。
5.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：杀菌 剂为十二烷基二甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的CJSJ-2、CJSJ-3或其他同类产品。
6.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：破乳剂为聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丙二醇醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯乙二胺、长庆化工集团生产的BE-2或其他同类产品。
7.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：pH调节剂为甲酸、乙酸或盐酸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：交联剂为有机锆交联剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的酸性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
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