CN103666438B - 一种碱性改性海藻胶压裂液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碱性改性海藻胶压裂液：由0.20~1.50%改性海藻胶、0.30~1.00%粘土稳定剂、0.30~1.00%助排剂、0.05~0.20%杀菌剂、0.05~0.15%破乳剂、0.30~3.00%交联剂和0.01~0.10%破胶剂组成；该压裂液基液粘度低，流动性好，在交联剂作用下形成空间网状结构，冻胶能够挑挂，在80℃、170S-1、3.5MPa下剪切60min，粘度保持在60mPa.s以上，在过硫酸铵作用下2小时内可彻底破胶，破胶液粘度小于4mPa.s，表面张力小于25mN/m，残渣含量小于350mg／L，静态沉砂速率小于0.03cm/min，能够满足80℃以内非碱敏储层的施工要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田油水井增产技术领域，特别涉及一种碱性改性海藻胶压裂液。
背景技术
水力压裂是低渗透油气田有效开发的主要措施，理想的压裂液应该是在施工中具有一定的粘度，能满足造缝和携砂的要求，而在施工结束后能够迅速彻底破胶，以保证压裂液的快速返排，从而降低对储层和支撑裂缝的伤害。
水基压裂液常用的增稠剂为各种天然植物胶、纤维素衍生物和人工合成聚合物三大类，由于植物胶类衍生物具有一系列的优点，再加上成本较低，在压裂液增稠剂方面使用量占90％以上。植物胶主要有胍胶、田菁胶、香豆胶、魔芋胶等，除胍胶外，其他植物胶一是种植少，货源有限，二是作为压裂液，其耐温耐剪切和储层保护方面还有所欠缺。胍胶由豆科植物瓜尔豆的种子经过工业加工而得。原料主要产地是印度和巴基斯坦的干燥地带（约占全球95％产量），2011年全球总产量约35万吨左右（胶片），其中油田材料方面用量约30％，食品行业约70％。胍胶为陆生增稠剂的代表，受自然气候、人为因素影响较大，而且产量波动大，且为进口，受控于人，供需矛盾突出，2011年底以来，价格飞涨，给国内低渗油气田开发造成了巨大的成本压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种碱性改性海藻胶压裂液；由改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、助排剂、杀菌剂、破乳剂、交联剂和破胶剂组成。
本发明所述的碱性改性海藻胶压裂液具体所用添加剂和重量配比如下：
其中：
基液中的改性海藻胶合成方法如下：将100重量份海藻胶分散在800~1000重量份氢氧化钠溶液（质量浓度：10%）中，常温下搅拌10~20分钟，加入300~500重量重量份异丙醇，开始加温并持续搅拌，温度升至60℃时加入80~100份环氧丙烷，保持温度，搅拌反应2~2.5小时，加乙酸中和至中性，洗涤烘干粉碎得到改性海藻胶。
交联剂为改性有机硼交联剂，合成方法如下：将100重量份有机硼交联剂加入反应釜，加入350份水，再按总重量的20%加入氢氧化钠，搅拌反应1小时，冷却后分装得到产品。上述有机硼交联剂为长庆化工集团生产的JL-2。
其他添加剂为油田常用产品，其中：
破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。根据储层温度和施工条件选定种类和加量。
粘土稳定剂为氯化钾、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的COP-1或其他同类产品。根据储层粘土类型和含量选定种类和加量。
助排剂为长庆化工集团生产的CF-5C、CF-5D，或其他同类产品。根据储层状况选定种类和加量。
杀菌剂为十二烷基二甲基氯化铵、长庆化工集团生产的CJSJ-3或其他同类产品。根据区域水质和细菌类型选定种类和加量。
破乳剂为聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丙二醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯乙二胺。根据储层流体性质选定种类和加量。
基液配制过程：
加水至混调器中，加入杀菌剂，搅拌1分钟，然后缓慢加入改性海藻胶，要求防止形成“鱼眼”，搅拌10分钟，再加入粘土稳定剂、助排剂和破乳剂，搅拌5分钟。要求基液溶胀1.5小时以上，并且在使用前充分搅匀。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明所述的碱性改性海藻胶压裂液具有良好的携砂、耐温耐剪切、破胶和储层保护性能，能够满足80℃以内地层的加砂压裂要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液900mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌20分钟，加入450mL异丙醇，开始加温并持续搅拌，温度升至60℃时加入90mL环氧丙烷，保持温度在60℃±1℃，搅拌反应2小时，调pH至6，洗涤烘干粉碎得到1#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:1.8制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表1，能够满足60℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表1体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 27 | 破胶时间，min | 120 |
| 交联液pH值 | 12 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 3.2 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 73 | 静态滤失系数，m／min0.5 | 9.119×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 355 | 表/界面张力，mN／m | 23.8/1.5 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（60℃），mPa.s | 55 | 残渣含量，mg／L | 236.5 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm／min | 0.03 |
实施例2
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液800mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌20分钟，加入500mL异丙醇，开始加温并持续搅拌，温度升至60℃时加入100mL环氧丙烷，保持温度在60℃±1℃，搅拌反应2小时，调pH至6，洗涤烘干粉碎得到2#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:2.0制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表2，能够满足70℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表2体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 37.5 | 破胶时间，min | 105 |
| 交联液pH值 | 13 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 3.4 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 86 | 静态滤失系数，m／min0.5 | 7.633×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 430 | 表/界面张力，mN／m | 23.9/1.6 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（70℃），mPa.s | 63 | 残渣含量，mg／L | 304.7 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm／min | 0.03 |
实施例3
室内按以下改性方法和配比实现了交联增稠，并完成了性能评价。
改性方法：
向搪瓷反应釜中加入10%氢氧化钠溶液950mL，搅拌状态下缓慢加入100g海藻胶，常温下继续搅拌20分钟，加入400mL异丙醇，开始加温并持续搅拌，温度升至60℃时加入95mL环氧丙烷，保持温度在60℃±1℃，搅拌反应2小时，调pH至7，洗涤烘干粉碎得到3#改性海藻胶。
基液配方：
按照上述配比，使用混调器配制基液1000mL，加料顺序为杀菌剂、改性海藻胶、粘土稳定剂、破乳剂、助排剂，溶胀2小时后待用。按交联比100:2.2制备冻胶，并展开性能评价，结果如表3，能够满足80℃以内储层加砂压裂要求。
表3体系性能评价结果
| 评价指标 | 测试结果 | 评价指标 | 测试结果 |
| 基液表观粘度，mPa.s | 48 | 破胶时间，min | 90 |
| 交联液pH值 | 13 | 破胶液表观粘度，mPa.s | 2.9 |
| 耐温能力，℃ | 96 | 静态滤失系数，m／min0.5 | 6.125×10-4 |
| 交联液初始粘度，mPa.s | 505 | 表/界面张力，mN／m | 23.5/1.5 |
| 交联液剪切粘度（80℃），mPa.s | 68 | 残渣含量，mg／L | 341.6 |
| 静态沉砂速率，cm／min | 0.02 |
Claims (1)
1.一种碱性改性海藻胶压裂液，其特征在于：由以下组成按重量100％混合而成：
所述改性海藻胶通过以下方法合成：将100重量份海藻胶分散在800～1000重量份质量浓度10％氢氧化钠溶液中，常温下搅拌10～20分钟，加入300～500重量份异丙醇，开始加温并持续搅拌，温度升至60℃时加入80～100重量份环氧丙烷，保持温度，搅拌反应2～2.5小时，加乙酸中和至中性，洗涤、烘干、粉碎得到；
所述粘土稳定剂为氯化钾、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵或环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵；
所述杀菌剂为十二烷基二甲基氯化铵；
所述破乳剂为聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯丙二醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯乙二胺；
所述交联剂为改性有机硼交联剂；合成方法如下：将100重量份有机硼交联剂加入反应釜，加入350份水，再按总重量的20％加入氢氧化钠，搅拌反应1小时，冷却后得到；
所述破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
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| CN102093879A (zh) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 武侯区巅峰机电科技研发中心 | 具有破乳性的压裂液添加剂 |
| CN102286276A (zh) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | 一种利用多效增稠剂配制水基压裂液的方法 |
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