CN103665309B - 用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103665309B
CN103665309B CN201310661803.7A CN201310661803A CN103665309B CN 103665309 B CN103665309 B CN 103665309B CN 201310661803 A CN201310661803 A CN 201310661803A CN 103665309 B CN103665309 B CN 103665309B
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刘兆阳
陈海良
李国鹏
张芳
刘扬
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Shandong Inov Polyurethane Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于化工合成技术领域，具体涉及一种用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，由聚合物组份和预聚物组份配制而成。本发明科学合理、简单易行，制备的组合物包裹在肥料的表面，肥料养分释放速率缓慢，释放期较长，在作物的整个生长期都可以满足作物生长所需的肥料。

Description

用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工合成技术领域，具体涉及一种用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯是一种性能介于橡胶与塑料之间的高分子合成材料，其特点是硬度调整范围宽，既有橡胶的弹性又有塑料的硬度，具有良好的机械性能、耐磨性能和回弹性能。化肥在农业生产中具有举足轻重的作用，化肥的应用可以使农作物增产55%以上。目前，化肥在利用过程中存在利用率低，普通化肥遇到水会在土壤中迅速释放，不能被植物迅速吸收。为了提高肥料的利用率，延长肥效周期，控释肥是一种提高利用率的有效方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，科学合理、简单易行，制备的组合物包裹在肥料的表面，肥料养分释放速率缓慢，释放期较长，在作物的整个生长期都可以满足作物生长所需的肥料。
本发明所述的用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，由两种组分配制而成：
聚合物组份：以重量百分数计，将蓖麻油64.9-96.7％，聚醚多元醇0-30%，分子筛3-5％，催化剂0.1-0.3%，在100-110℃，﹣0.1-﹣0.095MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：以重量百分数计，异氰酸酯80.5-100％和聚醚多元醇0-19.5%在70-90℃反应2-3小时，得到异氰酸根含量为21.5-29.4％的预聚物；
聚合物组份与预聚物组份按照质量比为100：50-70混合即得。
所述的聚合物组份中聚醚多元醇是官能度为2或3，分子量在400-1000的聚醚多元醇，优选PEG400、PEG1000或PPG125中的一种或几种。
所述的聚合物组份中分子筛是3A分子筛或4A分子筛。
所述的聚合物组份中催化剂是有机铋类、有机锌类或有机汞类催化剂中的一种，优选有机铋类催化剂。
所述的预聚物组份中异氰酸酯是二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯中的一种或两种，优选MDI-50、PM-200或液化MDI（市售产品型号）中的一种或几种。
所述的预聚物组份中聚醚多元醇是官能度为2，数均分子量在200-1000的聚醚多元醇。
聚合物组份与预聚物组份单独包装，用于生产时，聚合物组份与预聚物组份的温度控制在50-60℃，按照质量比100：50-70混合，搅拌均匀后，喷涂到颗粒表面，反应固化后，重新喷涂达到需要的产品规格。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
本发明科学合理、简单易行，制备的组合物包裹在肥料的表面，肥料养分释放速率缓慢，释放期较长，在作物的整个生长期都可以满足作物生长所需的肥料。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例所用材料:
PEG400数均分子量400，聚环氧乙烷醚二元醇
PEG1000数均分子量1000，聚环氧乙烷醚二元醇
PPG125数均分子量375，聚环氧丙烷醚三元醇
BMY蓖麻油
液化MDI碳化二亚胺改性的MDI
MDI-504，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯50%，2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯50%，以质量百分比计
PM-200聚合MDI
分之筛4A
CX-18有机铋类催化剂
实施例1
聚合物组份：蓖麻油96.7g，分子筛3g，CX-180.3g混合均匀，在100℃，-0.095MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：聚醚多元醇PEG40011g，PM-20089g，在70℃反应3小时，真空（－0.095MPa）脱除气泡，得到异氰酸根含量为24.8％的预聚物；
将聚合物组份与预聚物组份的温度控制在60℃，按照质量比100：50混合，搅拌均匀后，喷涂到颗粒表面，反应固化后，重新喷涂达到需要的产品规格。
实施例2
聚合物组份：聚醚多元醇PEG40030g，蓖麻油65.8g，分子筛4g，CX-180.2g混合均匀，在110℃，-0.01MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：聚醚多元醇PEG40015.6g，液化MDI84.4g，在80℃反应2小时，真空（－0.095MPa）脱除气泡，得到异氰酸根含量为21.5％的预聚物；
将聚合物组份与预聚物组份的温度控制在55℃，按照质量比100：70混合，搅拌均匀后，喷涂到颗粒表面，反应固化后，重新喷涂达到需要的产品规格。
实施例3
聚合物组份：聚醚多元醇PPG12525g，蓖麻油69.9g，分子筛5g，CX-180.1g混合均匀，在105℃，-0.098MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：聚醚多元醇PEG100019.5g，MDI-5080.5g，在90℃反应2.5小时，真空（－0.095MPa）脱除气泡，得到异氰酸根含量为25.4％的预聚物；
将聚合物组份与预聚物组份的温度控制在50℃，按照质量比100：70混合，搅拌均匀后，喷涂到颗粒表面，反应固化后，重新喷涂达到需要的产品规格。
实施例4
聚合物组份：聚醚多元醇PPG12530g，蓖麻油64.9g，分子筛5g，CX-180.1g混合均匀，在110℃，-0.095MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：液化MDI，异氰酸根含量为29.4％；
将聚合物组份与预聚物组份的温度控制在60℃，按照质量比100：64混合，搅拌均匀后，喷涂到颗粒表面，反应固化后，重新喷涂达到需要的产品规格。
根据欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）缓释肥特别工作组的建议，缓释肥料应满足以下三个条件：①在24小时内的释放量不能超过15%②在28天内释放量不超过75%③在规定时间内释放量至少75%，测得聚氨酯包裹质量分数为3.3%的尿素缓释肥尿素溶出情况见表1：
表1尿素溶出情况

Claims (5)

1.一种用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，其特征在于由两种组分配制而成：
聚合物组份：以重量百分数计，将蓖麻油64.9-96.7％，聚醚多元醇0-30%，分子筛3-5％，催化剂0.1-0.3%，在100-110℃，﹣0.1-﹣0.095MPa下脱水至水分小于0.05%，得到聚合物组份；
预聚物组份：以重量百分数计，异氰酸酯80.5-100％和聚醚多元醇0-19.5%在70-90℃反应2-3小时，得到异氰酸根含量为21.5-29.4％的预聚物；
聚合物组份与预聚物组份按照质量比为100：50-70混合即得；
所述的聚合物组份和预聚物组份中的聚醚多元醇都不为0；
所述的聚合物组份中聚醚多元醇是官能度为2或3，分子量在400-1000的聚醚多元醇；
所述的聚合物组份中催化剂是有机铋类、有机锌类或有机汞类催化剂中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚合物组份中分子筛是3A分子筛或4A分子筛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚合物组份中催化剂是有机铋类催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述的预聚物组份中异氰酸酯是二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于缓释肥的聚氨酯弹性体组合物的制备方法，其特征在于所述的预聚物组份中聚醚多元醇是官能度为2，数均分子量在200-1000的聚醚多元醇。
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CN104030802B (zh) * 2014-05-23 2016-06-29 北京市农林科学院 一种包膜控释肥及其制备方法
CN105061051A (zh) * 2015-08-10 2015-11-18 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 一种硝基肥料防板结剂及其应用方法
CN105131250B (zh) * 2015-08-29 2018-06-05 高明志 单组分自交联水性聚氨酯缓控释包膜材料
CN107722224A (zh) * 2017-10-25 2018-02-23 张家港市顾乐仕生活家居科技有限公司 生物基聚氨酯凝胶缓冲材料生产及其制备方法
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