CN103652397B - Improve feed of Qinghai yak meat quality and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of feed for improving Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: comprise corn, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, calcium bicarbonate, salt, vitamin C, vitamin E, monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate and Chinese herbal feed additive.By this feed, Qinghai Yak body is regulated, realize impact regulation and control, thus improve the yellowish pink of yak beef, water absorption rate, Meat Tenderness, the indexs such as dressing percentage, and then realize the improvement to Qinghai yak meat quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ox field of feed, particularly relate to the feed of the beef quality improving Qinghai Yak.
Background technology
Qinghai Yak (Bosgruniens) is distributed in more than height above sea level 3000m, centered by Chinese Qinghai-Tibet Platean and the high mountain adjoined, Subalpine region area be Bos (Bos) animal of habitat, belong to the rare poultry kind resource that unique semi-wild half is original.At present, China yak sum has accounted for more than 95% of world's yak sum.Qinghai Yak is breast, meat, the comprehensive kind of hair, is mainly distributed in height above sea level, temperature is low, day and night temperature is large, growing season of grass is short, solar radiation is strong, pastoral area, plateau that partial pressure of oxygen is low, has unique biological characteristics and economic performance.The grazing ground soil meta-alkalescence of Qinghai Yak, water-mineralizing degree is high, and herbage dry is many, away from industrial area, thus beef delicious meat, fishy smell are little, pollution-free, and having the features such as high protein, low fat, low in calories, amino acids, is natural high-quality pollution-free food.The existing yak in Qinghai Province 478.69 ten thousand, accounts for 36% of national yak sum, produces Yak Meat about 8.2 ten thousand t per year, accounts for 34% of the whole province's meat total amount.Qinghai Yak beef has that fat content is low, protein content is high, each seed amino acid and content of mineral substances high, and mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium and cadmium content are well below national standard.
It is various with processing and edible relevant physics, chemical property that beef quality typically refers to outward appearance, local flavor, nutrition, health etc. that beef fresh meat and manufactured meat have.The index weighing beef quality is a lot, at first mainly the organoleptic indicator such as outward appearance, local flavor, quality of beef and processing index, and the quickening along with people's rhythm of life and the pay attention to day by day to health, adopt the indexs such as health, nutrition, health care and convenience more.
Qinghai Yak lives in the plateau of height above sea level 3000 ~ 5000m, high and cold severe natural environment should be tolerated, also to maintain eubolism and the procreation of body, cause it in the index of the meat productions such as growth rate, dressing percentage and neat percentage, all lower than the beef of other kind oxen.
Qinghai Yak is the environment adapting to High aititude, the rare book of air, enhance the breathing function under anaerobic environment, its respiratory system all defines a set of special construction from anatomical structure and physiological function, make to determine that yellowish pink myoglobins, content of hemoglobin obviously want high, thus cause color and luster darker; On the other hand, due to height above sea level, rarefaction of air, partial pressure of oxygen is lower, and yak meets the maintenance needs of body, and in muscle, normal enzyme activity strengthens, and making the iron in musculature be reduction-state (Fe2+), is aubergine, makes the color and luster trend maroon of muscle.The yellowish pink nutritive value on meat without too large impact, but decides edible quality and the commodity value of meat.
Being the representative of water rate keeps moisture ability when muscle is subject to External Force Acting (as pressurization, heating, freezing, chopping), is important meat index.Be that water rate directly affects the color of meat, local flavor, tenderness and nutritive value.Be that water rate is high, meat shows as succulence, fresh and tender and surface dry; Coefficient shrinkage rate is low, then meat surface moisture oozes out, and seriously, muscle is stiff for soluble nutritious components and flavor loss, and meat declines.Relative to other kind oxen, Qinghai Yak be that water rate is lower, have impact on beef quality.
Because Qinghai Yak growth is at extremely frigid zones, exercise intensity is relatively large, cause that its muscle fibre density is little, diameter of muscle fiber is thick, and in yak muscle, various protein content is higher, and muscle fat content is relatively low, also have impact on the tenderness of muscle.
In theory, yak beef quality can be improved by the means of genetic breeding, but the method length consuming time, expend large, general raiser is difficult to improve meat by these means, and therefore, improving yak beef quality by nutrition regulation is a kind of practicable means.Seek the green feed additive of alternative antibiotic, hormone etc., improve yak beef quality, improve the security of yak beef, become nutrition hot issue.
Chinese herbal medicine relies on natural; pollution-free; the advantages such as drug residue free; become desirable feed addictive; Chinese herbal medicine is adopted to implement nutrition regulation to Qinghai Yak; thus improve yak beef quality; become the Important Problems that people pay close attention to gradually, the present invention by adding Chinese herbal feed additive in Qinghai Yak feed, is regulated Qinghai Yak body by Chinese herbal medicine exactly; realize impact regulation and control; thus improve the yellowish pink of yak beef, water absorption rate, Meat Tenderness; the indexs such as dressing percentage, and then realize the improvement to Qinghai yak meat quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Chinese herbal feed additive for improving Qinghai yak meat quality and feed; by Chinese herbal medicine, Qinghai Yak body is regulated; realize impact regulation and control; thus improve the yellowish pink of yak beef; water absorption rate; Meat Tenderness, the indexs such as dressing percentage, and then realize the improvement to Qinghai yak meat quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of feed for improving Qinghai Yak meat, it comprises corn, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, calcium bicarbonate, salt, vitamin C, vitamin E, monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate and Chinese herbal feed additive.
Wherein, in described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 40 weight portion ~ 50 weight portion, dregs of beans 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 5 weight portion ~ 8 weight portion, salt 3 weight portion ~ 6 weight portion, vitamin C 1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, vitamin e1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1 weight portion ~ 2 weight portion, manganese sulfate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion.
Wherein, in described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 45 weight portion, dregs of beans 25 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 20 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 6 weight portion, salt 4 weight portion, Catergen weight portion, vitamin E2 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.5 weight portion, manganese sulfate 1 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 20 weight portion.
Wherein, described Chinese herbal feed additive, its material composition comprises the Radix Astragali, purslane, cacumen biotae, the root of herbaceous peony, Radix Glycyrrhizae, radish seed, Radix Isatidis, giant knotweed, hairyvein agrimony, catechu, pine needle, garlic, the fruit of glossy privet, Japanese Stephania Root, Selaginella tamariscina, madder, the vine of multiflower knotweed, wilsonii, dried orange peel, Chinese anise, piper cubeba, downy cherry fruit and shrub althea flower.
Wherein, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
Wherein, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion.
Wherein, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition also can be respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 65 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
Wherein, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned feed:
The first step, prepares above-mentioned Chinese herbal feed additive;
Second step, the Chinese herbal feed additive each component in described feed and the first step prepared is sent in mixer, stirs 30 minutes ~ 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed.
Wherein, the first step is specially:
A, sends into each material composition in proportion in mixer, is uniformly mixed;
B, sent in extractor by the product obtained after stirring, add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the first filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
C, in the filter residue that B step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the second filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
D, in the filter residue that C step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate;
E, mixes the first filtrate obtained to the 3rd filtrate, and reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, dry, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive.
Wherein, described B step is specially the water added in extractor relative to each material quality sum 6 ~ 8 times, and heating boils 4 ~ 6 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtain the first filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use.
Wherein, described C step is specially in the filter residue obtained to B step the water again added relative to each material quality sum 3 ~ 5 times, and heating boils 4 ~ 6 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtain the second filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use.
Wherein, described D step is specially in the filter residue obtained to C step the water again added relative to each material quality sum 2 ~ 4 times, and heating boils 2 ~ 4 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtains the 3rd filtrate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Chinese herbal feed additive for improving Qinghai yak meat quality provided by the invention and feed; by Chinese herbal medicine, Qinghai Yak body is regulated; realize impact regulation and control; thus improve the yellowish pink of yak beef; water absorption rate; Meat Tenderness, the indexs such as dressing percentage, and then realize the improvement to Qinghai yak meat quality.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Chinese herbal feed additive for improving Qinghai yak meat quality, its material composition comprises the Radix Astragali, purslane, cacumen biotae, the root of herbaceous peony, Radix Glycyrrhizae, radish seed, Radix Isatidis, giant knotweed, hairyvein agrimony, catechu, pine needle, garlic, the fruit of glossy privet, Japanese Stephania Root, Selaginella tamariscina, madder, the vine of multiflower knotweed, wilsonii, dried orange peel, Chinese anise, piper cubeba, downy cherry fruit and shrub althea flower.
Further, the raw material of described Chinese herbal feed additive only comprises mentioned component.
Yellowish pink is that the outside of the physiology of muscle, biochemistry and microbiology change is embodied, and directly affects the purchase decision of consumer.The yellowish pink main impact by myoglobins state, secondly also by the impact of light reflection, oxidation.Myoglobin content has a certain impact to yellowish pink, and more fleshiness look darker for content.But determine that yellowish pink key is the chemical characteristic of myoglobins.The colour generation effect of myoglobins comes from its intramolecular heme.Heme has very strong affinity to oxygen, when its not with oxygen in conjunction with time, myoglobins is kermesinus; After being combined with oxygen, myoglobins is cerise.If the Fe2+ in heme is oxidized to Fe
3+after, then myoglobins becomes metmyoglobin, and in crineous, the different colours that usual people observe muscle is relevant with the ratio of oxymyoglobin, myoglobins and oxidation myoglobins 3 kinds of albumen.Increase by adding after Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention myoglobin content in beef, 3 kinds of myoglobins ratios change, thus improve muscle color.
Tenderness is an importance of meat, is the indexs of people to mouthfeel satisfaction, directly affects edibility and the commodity value of meat.It is the reflection of meat internal structure, and reflects muscle fibril in meat, connective tissue and muscle fat content, distribution and chemical constitution state to a certain extent.Tenderness is by various factors, but in muscle, the content of 3 kinds of protein ingredients such as connective tissue, muscle fibril and sarcoplasm is determine that the main matter of meat tenderness is basic with chemical constitution state.Chinese herbal feed additive provided by the invention can improve muscle fibre composition to a certain extent, and length of sarcomere and Meat Tenderness exist obvious positive correlation.
Muscular system waterpower is directly connected to the quality of meat, local flavor and structural state.The Coefficient shrinkage of muscle is larger, and meat is better.The present invention has the trend of the drip loss reducing muscle by adding Chinese herbal feed additive, percentage of water loss declines, and shows that moisture not easily oozes out, and the quality of this tenderness to maintenance muscle, succulence and meat products is very favourable.
In additive, radix pseudostellariae, hairyvein agrimony, purslane, wilsonii, shrub althea flower can improve the tenderness of muscle, Coefficient shrinkage, cold cuts rate, also significantly improves the amino acid in muscle and content of fatty acid, cacumen biotae, the root of herbaceous peony, Japanese Stephania Root can improve protein content in muscle, improves aliphatic acid composition, improves amino acid and mineral level, make meat and the sense of soup interest fresh and tender, fragrant and sweet, Radix Glycyrrhizae, radish seed, catechu contains polyphenoils, can reduce Qinghai Yak free radical metabolism product assay, improves the activity of tissue film's enzyme, improves fluidity of erythrocyte membrane, improves antiradical activities in body, reduce lipid peroxidation, thus the normal performance of the integrality of Cell protection film and function, reduce drip loss, improve Coefficient shrinkage, Radix Isatidis, giant knotweed significantly can reduce the fat percentage of trunk and significantly improve carcass lean meat percentage, pine needle, garlic, the fruit of glossy privet can keep Qinghai Yak Fresh & Tender in Texture, Selaginella tamariscina, madder, the vine of multiflower knotweed, downy cherry fruit can make myoglobin content in beef increase, and 3 kinds of myoglobins ratios change, thus improve muscle color, dried orange peel, Chinese anise, piper cubeba can make yak beef fresh and tender, and local flavor is good to eat.
The pharmacology of each material composition is as follows:
The Radix Astragali: taste is sweet, warm in nature, enter spleen, lung channel, have benefit strengthening spleen and lung, elevate a turnable ladder yang-energy, strengthening exterior and reducing sweat, the effects such as holder sore myogenic, are mainly used in spleen-lung Qi deficiency caused weak anorexia and loose stool, palpitation, the visceral organ ptosis of the sinking of qi of middle-jiao, Qi dysfunction in blood control uterine bleeding is had blood in stool, and rushes down prolapse of the anus for a long time; The spontaneous sweating of exterior deficiency, the cards such as insufficiency of vital energy and blood.
Purslane: latin name Portulacaeherba, taste acid, cold in nature, return large intestine, Liver Channel, have clearing heat and detoxicating, Li Shui dries, loose blood detumescence, dust-collection sterilization, anti-inflammatory analgetic, and the effect of the cool blood that stops blooding, cures mainly dysentery, enteritis, ephritis, postpartum, uterine hemorrhage, had blood in stool, the illnesss such as mastitis.
Cacumen biotae: bitter, puckery, cold in nature, enters the heart, liver, large intestine channel, has cooling blood and hemostasis, wines used as antirheumatic, effect of loose pyogenic infections, cures mainly haematemesis, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue, hematuria, bloody flux, intestines wind, uterine bleeding, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, bacillary dysentery, hypertension, cough, erysipelas, mumps, the cards such as scald.
The root of herbaceous peony: latin name PaeoniaeRadixAlba, bitter, acid, cool in nature; enter liver, the spleen channel, there is nourishing blood and liver, pain relieving in slow; astringe yin receives effect of sweat, cures mainly chest abdomen pain over the hypochondriac region, rushes down dysentery stomachache; spontaneous sweating; fever due to yin deficiency, irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding; be with inferior card, the root of herbaceous peony has good liver-protective effect.
Radix Glycyrrhizae: latin name GlycyrrhizaeRadixetRhizoma, taste is sweet, property put down, enter 12 warps, have clearing heat and detoxicating, be in harmonious proportion the property of medicine, the effect of expelling phlegm and arresting coughing, and can invigorating the spleen and in, relieving spasm to stop pain, is mainly used in weakness of the spleen and the stomach abdominal distension and anorexia, weak; Contraction pain in abdomen being alleviated, relax the strong and toxicity of some drugs, alleviate medicine to the toxic and side effect of body or to GI stimulation, tonifying Qi neutralization can be played by adding Radix Glycyrrhizae, be in harmonious proportion the work of each component.
Radish seed: property is put down, and taste is pungent, sweet, returns lung, spleen, stomach warp, has the de-swelling that helps digestion, effect of lowering the adverse-rising QI to resolve phlegm, cures mainly retention of food and drink, abdominal distention, constipation, stagnant rushes down dysentery, phlegm stops up cards such as breathing with cough.
Radix Isatidis: latin name IsatidisRadix, bitter, cold in nature, enter the heart, liver, courage, stomach warp, have the effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood relieve sore throat, be used for the treatment of febrile virulent maculae; High heat headache; Major part pestilence; Tongue is secretly dark reddish purple, scarlet fever; Erysipelas; Mumps; Larynx numbness; Sore is swollen, carbuncle swells; Varicella; Measles; Hepatitis; Influenza, epidemic meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, coma tells nosebleed, and pharynx is swollen, pinkeye, sore rash; Can prevent and treat the cards such as Japanese Type-B encephalitis, acute, chronic hepatitis, mumps, osteomyelitis, Radix Isatidis has inhibitory action to various bacteria. and infusion has inhibitory action in various degree to hay bacillus, staphylococcus aureus, sarcine, Escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus, paratyphosum Bacterium, dysentery (will congratulate, Fu Shi) bacillus, bacillus enteritidis etc.; Acetone leachate also has similar effect, and effective to hemolytic streptococcus, similar to bacteriostasis and the garlic of A type meningococcus, honeysuckle. infected by influenza PR8 strain and Jing Ke 68-1 strain have obvious inhibitory action. and in vitro leptospiral effect killed by Radix Isatidis.
Giant knotweed: mildly bitter flavor, cold nature, returns liver, courage, lung channel, has the effect of expelling wind and removing dampness, loose stasis of blood analgesic therapy, preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing, for joint pain, and jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, through Bi ， wei lump in the abdomen, coughing with a lot of sputum, scald, injury from falling down, carbuncle sore tumefacting virus.Giant knotweed has suppression and killing action to staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, hemolytic streptococcus, micrococcus catarrhalis, ewcastle disease, proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.
Hairyvein agrimony: latin name AgrimoniaeHerba, bitter, puckery, property is put down, the thoughts of returning home, Liver Channel, have astringing to arrest bleeding, only effect of dysentery desinsection, cures mainly various hemorrhage card, such as: haematemesis, hematuria, have blood in stool, uterine bleeding, spitting of blood, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue, dysentery, internal lesion caused by overexertion takes off power, and carbuncle swells, fall and beat, the cards such as traumatic bleeding.
Catechu: bitter, puckery, cold nature, returns lung channel, has effect of hygroscopic regenerating tissue to heal wond, and for unhealing ulcer, eczema, aphtha, falls and flutter the pain of injury, the cards such as traumatism and bleeding.
Pine needle:
Garlic: warm in nature, taste is pungent flat; Enter spleen, stomach, lung channel, have in temperature help digestion, the stagnant gas of row, warming spleen and stomach, long-pending, the removing toxic substances of disappearing, desinsection effect, cure mainly eating accumulation, coldness and pain in the epigastrium, oedema turgor, have loose bowels, dysentery, malaria, pertussis, swollen ulcer drug, white bald tinea sore, snake bite and insect sting and the card such as hookworm, pinworm.
The fruit of glossy privet: taste is sweet, bitter, is slightly cold, enters liver, kidney channel, has strong liver kidney-nourishing, the effect of removing heat to brighten vision, is mainly used in treating liver-kidney Yin deficiency, and the head loses foster dizzy tinnitus, the symptoms such as yin asthenia generating intrinsic heat.The fruit of glossy privet can promote leucocyte, strengthens effect of immunologic function, has stronger inhibitory action to staphylococcus aureus, shigella dysenteriae.Modern medicine study proves, the fruit of glossy privet includes ursolic acid, sweet mellow wine, glucose, fatty wet goods, has cardiac stimulant, diuresis and hepatoprotective effect, the leucocyte decline quantity caused because of chemotherapy can be made to raise, and have inhibitory action to staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
Japanese Stephania Root: bitter, pungent, cold in nature, have clearing heat and detoxicating, wind-expelling pain-stopping, effect of inducing diuresis for removing edema, cures mainly abscess of throat, venomous snake bite, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, stomachache, the cards such as beriberi oedema.
Selaginella tamariscina: taste is pungent, property is put down, and returns liver, the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin, has effect of activating blood to promote menstruation.For through closing dysmenorrhoea ， wei lump in the abdomen lump in the abdomen, injury from falling down, spit blood, uterine bleeding, has blood in stool, the cards such as prolapse of the anus.
Madder: cold in nature, bitter, returns Liver Channel, effect: cooling blood and hemostasis; Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, cure mainly blood-head spitting of blood, haematemesis, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue, hematuria, have blood in stool, uterine bleeding, through closing, postpartum stasis blocking stomachache, the card such as traumatic injury, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, jaundice, sore carbuncle, hemorrhoid are swollen.
The vine of multiflower knotweed: sweet, the micro-hardship of taste, property is put down; The thoughts of returning home, Liver Channel, have effect of energy mental-tranquilization, dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians, cure mainly insomnia and dreamful sleep, deficiency of blood bodily pain, numbness, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, the cards such as wind sore mange.
Wilsonii: latin name AcanthopanacisSenticosiRadixetRhizomaseuCaulis, taste is pungent, bitter, micro-sweet, warm in nature, enter spleen, kidney, the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin, have and replenish qi to invigorate the spleen, tonify the kidney to relieve mental strain, the effect of dispelling rheumatism, soft for wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, lumbocrural pain, muscles and bones impotence, be slow in action, the card such as body void is thin and weak, traumatic injury, fracture, oedema, beriberi, uncontrolled urination are itched.
Dried orange peel: warm in nature, taste is pungent, bitter; Return spleen, lung channel, for diseases such as fullness and oppression of chest and abdomen.The pungent loose logical temperature of orange peel, fragrant odour, is longer than and regulates the flow of vital energy, spleen lung can be entered, therefore can go loose sluggishness of lung-QI, again can promoting the circulation of qi wide in, gather around the diseases such as stagnant, chest diaphragm ruffian full and the taste stagnation of the circulation of vital energy, abdominal fullness and distention for lung qi, for damp retention in middle-jiao, gastral cavity abdomen ruffian is swollen, have loose bowels in loose stool, and the card such as many coughs of phlegm.
Chinese anise: taste is pungent, warm in nature, return liver,kidney,spleen warp, have effect of warming yang for dispelling cold, regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain, cure mainly cold hernia stomachache, lumbago due to the kidney deficiency, coldness and pain in the epigastrium, vomiting food waits card less.
Piper cubeba: warm in nature, taste is pungent, returns spleen, stomach, kidney, urinary bladder channel, has warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, and effect of promoting qi circulation and relieving pain is vomitted for stomach cold inverse, coldness and pain in the epigastrium, cold hernia stomachache, the cards such as stagnancy of cold-damp.
Downy cherry fruit: taste is pungent, the cards such as property is put down, and has reinforcing spleen to promote digestion, effect of controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, cures mainly dyspepsia and rush down dysentery, constipation, beriberi, seminal emission lingering diarrhea.
Shrub althea flower: taste is sweet, property is put down, and enters spleen, lung two warp, has clearing heat and cooling blood, effect of removing toxicity for detumescence, cure mainly intestines wind and let out blood, dysentery, cough with lung heat, hemoptysis, leukorrhea, the cards such as scald.
In described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
Further, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion.
Further, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition also can be respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 65 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
Further, in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is most preferably respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese herbal feed additive, be specially:
Each material composition is sent in mixer by the first step in proportion, is uniformly mixed;
Second step, sent in extractor by the product obtained after stirring, add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the first filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
3rd step, in the filter residue that second step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the second filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
4th step, in the filter residue that the 3rd step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate;
5th step, mixes the first filtrate obtained to the 3rd filtrate, and reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, dry, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive.
Wherein, described second step is specially the water added in extractor relative to each material quality sum 6 ~ 8 times, and heating boils 4 ~ 6 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtain the first filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use.
Wherein, described 3rd step is specially in the filter residue obtained to second step the water again added relative to each material quality sum 3 ~ 5 times, and heating boils 4 ~ 6 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtain the second filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use.
Wherein, described 4th step is specially in the filter residue obtained to the 3rd step the water again added relative to each material quality sum 2 ~ 4 times, and heating boils 2 ~ 4 hours, and decoction liquor is filtered, and obtains the 3rd filtrate.
In addition, vitamin C can improve water absorbing force and the colour stability of Qinghai Yak beef, and vitamin E is effective antioxidant, can suppress the oxidation of fat in musculature.Add vitamin E in diet and can reduce the oxidation of fat and the loss of moisture, improve the color of meat simultaneously, improve the shelf-life.
Present invention also offers a kind of feed for improving Qinghai Yak meat, it comprises corn, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, calcium bicarbonate, salt, vitamin C, vitamin E, monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate, Chinese herbal feed additive.
In described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 40 weight portion ~ 50 weight portion, dregs of beans 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 5 weight portion ~ 8 weight portion, salt 3 weight portion ~ 6 weight portion, vitamin C 1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, vitamin e1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1 weight portion ~ 2 weight portion, manganese sulfate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion.
Further preferably, in described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 45 weight portion, dregs of beans 25 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 20 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 6 weight portion, salt 4 weight portion, Catergen weight portion, vitamin E2 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.5 weight portion, manganese sulfate 1 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 20 weight portion.
Described feed is only made up of said components further.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned feed:
The first step, prepares Chinese herbal feed additive particle according to the method described above;
Second step, the Chinese herbal feed additive particle each component in described feed and the first step prepared is sent in mixer, stirs 30 minutes ~ 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed.
Below adopt embodiment to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, to the present invention, how application technology means solve technical problem whereby, and the implementation procedure reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.
Embodiment 1 Chinese herbal feed additive 1
By Radix Astragali 65g, purslane 40g, cacumen biotae 35g, root of herbaceous peony 35g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30g, radish seed 25g, Radix Isatidis 25g, giant knotweed 35g, hairyvein agrimony 30g, catechu 40g, pine needle 30g, garlic 35g, fruit of glossy privet 40g, Japanese Stephania Root 35g, Selaginella tamariscina 40g, madder 25g, vine of multiflower knotweed 35g, wilsonii 35g, dried orange peel 30g, Chinese anise 20g, piper cubeba 25g, downy cherry fruit 30g and shrub althea flower 25g sends in mixer, is uniformly mixed, and sends in extractor by the mixture obtained after stirring, add the water of 5.4kg, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the first filtrate, the water of 3kg is again added in filter residue, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the second filtrate, the water of 2.3kg is again added in the filter residue obtained, heating boils 3 hours, filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate, the first filtrate obtained is mixed to the 3rd filtrate, reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, drying, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive 1.
Embodiment 2 Chinese herbal feed additive 2
By Radix Astragali 70g, purslane 45g, cacumen biotae 40g, root of herbaceous peony 40g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 35g, radish seed 30g, Radix Isatidis 30g, giant knotweed 40g, hairyvein agrimony 35g, catechu 45g, pine needle 35g, garlic 40g, fruit of glossy privet 35g, Japanese Stephania Root 30g, Selaginella tamariscina 35g, madder 20g, vine of multiflower knotweed 30g, wilsonii 30g, dried orange peel 25g, Chinese anise 15g, piper cubeba 20g, downy cherry fruit 25g and shrub althea flower 20g sends in mixer, is uniformly mixed, and sends in extractor by the mixture obtained after stirring, add the water of 5.4kg, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the first filtrate, the water of 3kg is again added in filter residue, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the second filtrate, the water of 2.3kg is again added in the filter residue obtained, heating boils 3 hours, filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate, the first filtrate obtained is mixed to the 3rd filtrate, reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, drying, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive 2.
Embodiment 3 Chinese herbal feed additive 3
By Radix Astragali 60g, purslane 35g, cacumen biotae 30g, root of herbaceous peony 30g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25g, radish seed 20g, Radix Isatidis 20g, giant knotweed 30g, hairyvein agrimony 25g, catechu 35g, pine needle 25g, garlic 30g, fruit of glossy privet 45g, Japanese Stephania Root 40g, Selaginella tamariscina 45g, madder 30g, vine of multiflower knotweed 40g, wilsonii 40g, dried orange peel 35g, Chinese anise 25g, piper cubeba 30g, downy cherry fruit 35g and shrub althea flower 30g sends in mixer, is uniformly mixed, and sends in extractor by the mixture obtained after stirring, add the water of 5.4kg, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the first filtrate, the water of 3kg is again added in filter residue, heating boils 6 hours, filters, obtains the second filtrate, the water of 2.3kg is again added in the filter residue obtained, heating boils 3 hours, filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate, the first filtrate obtained is mixed to the 3rd filtrate, reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, drying, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive 3.
Embodiment 4 pharmacological toxicity is tested
Acute toxicity test data
Detect reagent
Serum AST, ALT detection kit are purchased from Rui Sheng bio tech ltd, Qingdao
Checkout equipment
Micro-200 semiautomatic biochemistry detector, assay balance, disscting instrument, syringe, test tube etc.
Test method
After the adaptability of 3 days are raised, be divided at random 4 groups (male and female half and half), often organize each 20; Control group, 3 different pharmaceutical groups (are respectively 300g/kg body weight, 240g/kg body weight, 180g/kg body weight), control group gavage physiological saline, the Chinese herbal feed additive 1 of 3 the medicine group gavage embodiment of the present invention 1 preparations, be dissolved in water by Chinese herbal feed additive and gavage mouse, the minimum group of dosage is converted to according to body surface area and is equivalent to the every consumption per day 30 times of an adult Qinghai Yak (400kg).
Testing index and method
(1) clinicing symptom observation: every day viewing test mouse the state of mind, diet situation, every day entry morbidity death condition.
(2) pathological observation: dead mouse is carried out cuing open inspection and observes internal organ change.
(3) growth indexes is observed: carry out routine weighing to test mouse; Off-test, slaughters that mouse weighs in, the heavy organ index of internal organs measures: cut open inspection rat, core dirty, spleen, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, weigh, calculate organ index according to the following formula: organ index=internal organs weight/body weight × 100.
(4) liver function change is observed: after off-test, slaughter mouse, take blood separation of serum, measures AST, ALT.
Data processing: above data acquisition SPSS11.0 carries out analytic statistics.
Clinicing symptom observation
Control group and test group mouse, the state of mind and diet wish, to external world respond have no obvious exception.Each group of mouse morbidity and death condition are as following table 1.
Table 1
| Grouping | Sum | Dead (only) | The death rate (%) |
| 1(300g/kg) | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| 2(240g/kg) | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| 3(120g/kg) | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Control group | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Pathological observation: control group and test group, mouse carries out cuing open inspection and observes to have no and observe the obvious pathological change of internal organs after slaughtering.
Growth indexes is observed: off-test, slaughters that mouse weighs in, internal organs weight analysis is in table 2.
Table 2
| Grouping | Liver index | Cardiac index | Renal index | Lungs index | Index and spleen index |
| 1(300g/kg) | 5.61±0.13 | 0.73±0.03 | 1.32±0.16 | 0.69±0.06 | 0.53±0.02 |
| 2(240g/kg) | 5.49±0.19 | 0.75±0.07 | 1.29±0.09 | 0.67±0.03 | 0.51±0.04 |
| 3(120g/kg) | 5.62±0.12 | 0.73±0.09 | 1.31±0.12 | 0.71±0.05 | 0.52±0.03 |
| Control group | 5.86±0.21 | 0.71±0.02 | 1.33±0.11 | 0.70±0.07 | 0.50±0.02 |
Liver function change is observed
After off-test, slaughter mouse, take blood separation of serum, measure AST (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease), ALT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) in table 3.It is not remarkable that result shows each group of data difference compared with normal healthy controls group, is all in normal range (NR).
Table 3
| Grouping | Sum | ALT | AST |
| 1(300g/kg) | 20 | 35.31±3.01 | 129.35±11.18 |
| 2(240g/kg) | 20 | 36.17±2.33 | 130.16±12.32 |
| 3(120g/kg) | 20 | 35.25±2.39 | 131.67±16.21 |
| Control group | 20 | 38.33±4.12 | 130.62±13.27 |
Long term toxicity test data
Chinese herbal feed additive 10g/kg, 20g/kg, 100g/kg of the present invention of preparing according to embodiment 1 were to the continuous gastric infusion of rat 3 months, the fur of animal, the colour of skin, ingest, activity, the blood parameters such as routine blood test, Liver and kidney function of the animal all without exception such as urine, feces and animal main organs index all in normal range (NR), and normal kinetic indifference histopathologic examination shows, the important organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, tracheae, testis, ovary are without pathological change.Drug withdrawal checks above indices all without overt toxicity reaction after two weeks, show without cumulative toxicity.
Embodiment 5 feed 1
By corn 4.5kg, dregs of beans 2.5kg, rapeseed dregs 2kg, calcium bicarbonate 0.6kg, the vitamin C of salt 0.4kg, 0.2kg, the vitamin E of 0.2kg, Chinese herbal feed additive 1 prepared by the manganese sulfate of monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion of 0.1kg, the cupric sulfate pentahydrate of 0.15kg, 0.1kg, the embodiment 1 of 2kg is sent in mixer, stirs 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed.
Embodiment 6 feed 2
By corn 4.5kg, dregs of beans 2.5kg, rapeseed dregs 2kg, calcium bicarbonate 0.6kg, the vitamin C of salt 0.4kg, 0.2kg, the vitamin E of 0.2kg, Chinese herbal feed additive 2 prepared by the manganese sulfate of monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion of 0.1kg, the cupric sulfate pentahydrate of 0.15kg, 0.1kg, the embodiment 2 of 1.5kg is sent in mixer, stirs 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed 2.
Embodiment 7 feed 3
By corn 4.5kg, dregs of beans 2.5kg, rapeseed dregs 2kg, calcium bicarbonate 0.6kg, the vitamin C of salt 0.4kg, 0.2kg, the vitamin E of 0.2kg, Chinese herbal feed additive 3 prepared by the manganese sulfate of monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion of 0.1kg, the cupric sulfate pentahydrate of 0.15kg, 0.1kg, the embodiment 3 of 2.5kg is sent in mixer, stirs 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed 3.
Embodiment 8 specific targets measure
Test yak
Be 4 ~ 5 years old age ox year for examination, be in a good state of nutrition.Yak is selected from Qinghai Province Xi Zhou, totally 172, be divided into 2 groups at random by the cy-pres doctrine such as body weight, age, be respectively control group and test group, control group 80,4.6 years old mean age, test group 92,4.5 years old mean age, two groups of yaks are butchered after feeding trial, before government official, 24h stops eating, 2h cuts off the water, and butchers and adopts " arteria carotis bloodletting " method to carry out by GB/T19477-2004 requirement.Get longissimus dorsi muscle, the greater psoas muscle of each test ox after killing in 2 ~ 3h, being placed in cleaning fresh-keeping bag, to seal freezen protective for subsequent use.
Experimental technique
Yak is divided into control group and test group, control group fed food feed is corn 4.5kg, dregs of beans 2.5kg, rapeseed dregs 2kg, calcium bicarbonate 0.6kg, the vitamin C of salt 0.4kg, 0.2kg, the vitamin E of 0.2kg, the mixed fodder of the manganese sulfate formation of monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion of 0.1kg, the cupric sulfate pentahydrate of 0.15kg, 0.1kg.The feed containing Chinese herbal feed additive of the test group feeding embodiment of the present invention 4 preparation.Two groups every morning 8:00, afternoon 19:00 feed twice, freely drink water.
Experimental period 40d, wherein preliminary trial period 10d, formal phase 30d.
Assay method
Weigh: weigh by head to for examination ox respectively at feeding the first day and butchering proxima luce (prox. luc).
Meat production: test ox gets eye muscle from foreleg caput humerale, back leg semitendinosus, 12 ~ 13 ribs after massacring, the aggregate sample 1.5kg altogether at 3 places, mixed freezing supplies test in refrigerator.Testing index is carcass weight, meat weight, eye muscle area, calculates dressing percentage, neat percentage, meat bone ratio etc.; 1. dressing percentage (%)=carcass weight/Slaughter weight × 100%; 2. neat percentage (%)=trunk muscle weight/live-weight × 100%; 3. kindred ratio=bone weight/meat weight.
Beef edible quality index: the beef quality assessment method promulgated according to national cowboying association and interrelated data report carry out.
PH value: perform according to the regulation of GB/T9695.5, determination test ox butchers the pH of rear meat
1value, pH
24value.
Yellowish pink: the fresh cross section of getting the last 1 thoracic vertebrae place longissimus dorsi muscle of fresh trunk contrasts with American standard colorimetric plate gives a mark.Canescence comments 1 point, and blush comments 2 points, and cerise comments 3 points, and duskiness redness comments 4 points, and kermesinus comments 5 points.Two inter-stages allow to comment 0.5 point, are allly chosen as 3 points or 4 points of persons all belong to normal color.
Marble grain:.By the longissimus dorsi muscle at the 1st lumbar vertebrae place, 24h is cooled under 0 ~ 4 DEG C of condition, crosscut is taken out after meat sample being placed in 0 ~ 4 DEG C of refrigerator 24h, under Indoor Natural illumination, the cross section marble grain of green meat sample is given a mark, carry out Comprehensive Assessment in conjunction with yellowish pink, get fresh cross section and contrast with American standard diagram and give a mark.Vestige is only had to be 1 point, trace 2 points, a small amount of 3 points, appropriate 4 points, excessive 5 points.
Be water rate: adopt 35kg pressure application to measure, allow inflate compression instrument to measure by endless-ringlock.After killing in 3h, in the end longissimus dorsi muscle 3cm × 3.5cm × 2cm meat sample is got at rib place, weighs with one thousandth balance, respectively pads 10 metafiltration paper up and down at meat sample, and be placed on compressometer scaffold tower and be forced into 35kg maintenance 10min, sampling is weighed, and calculating is water rate.It is water rate=[heavy after 1-(heavy after heavy before pressure-pressure)/pressure] × 100%.
Cold cuts rate: after killing, 3 ~ 4h gets meat sample 500g, is placed in boiling water on aluminium steaming tray and steams 45min, and weighing after cooling 30min calculates cold cuts rate.Meat sample heavy × 100% before meat sample weight/shortening after cold cuts rate=shortening.
Tenderness: intercepting thickness at 12nd ~ 13 thoracic vertebrae places is the longissimus dorsi muscle of 3cm, load plastic film bag, in the water-bath of 80 DEG C, heated at constant temperature is to central temperature 75 DEG C, cedductor is drilled through with the sampler that diameter is 1.27cm after being cooled to room temperature, measure shear force value with C-LM type tender degree device, each sample parallel determination is averaged for 3 times.
The detection of all indexs detects every test Niu Jinhang respectively, then measurement result is got number mean value.
Results and analysis
The feed of interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive provided by the invention, on the impact of production of yak performance, the results are shown in Table 4.
A table 4 liang group production performance compares
| Group | First starting weight/kg | End weight/kg | Full phase 40d weightening finish/kg | Average daily gain/g |
| Control group | 435.83±16.97 | 501.33±21.06 | 65.50±5.59 | 1633±146 |
| Test group | 422.40±17.71 | 504.10±16.02 | 81.67±4.41 | 2042±110 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the feed of interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention is adopted better can to improve the production performance of Qinghai Yak.
Meat production comparison, the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 liang group meat production comparison
| Group | Carcass weight/kg | Dressing percentage/% | Neat percentage/% | Kindred ratio | Eye muscle area/cm 2 |
| Control group | 52.76 | 44.39 | 35.27 | 3.52 | 26.37 |
| Test group | 53.00 | 47.36 | 37.46 | 3.78 | 27.80 |
As can be seen from Table 5, the feed of interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive of the present invention is adopted not to be obvious especially with the feed meat production difference of not adding Chinese herbal feed additive.
Beef quality contrasts, and the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 liang group beef quality contrast
| Group | pH 1Value | pH 24Value | Yellowish pink/ | Marble | Be water | Cold cuts | Shear force value/ |
| Point | Line/point | Rate/% | Rate/% | (kg·cm -2) | |||
| Control group | 6.16 | 5.63 | 4.5 | 3 | 61.17 | 56.21 | 4.73 |
| Test group | 6.27 | 5.72 | 3.7 | 3 | 67.92 | 63.72 | 4.23 |
As can be seen from Table 6 the pH value of test group and control group and marble grain value difference other and not obvious, and the yellowish pink of test group is starkly lower than control group, suitable yellowish pink score should between 3 ~ 4, yak is the environment adapting to High aititude, the rare book of air, enhance the breathing function under anaerobic environment, its respiratory system all defines a set of special construction from anatomical structure and physiological function, makes to determine that yellowish pink myoglobins, content of hemoglobin obviously want high, thus causes color and luster darker; On the other hand, due to height above sea level, rarefaction of air, partial pressure of oxygen is lower, and yak meets the maintenance needs of body, and in muscle, normal enzyme activity strengthens, and makes the iron in musculature be reduction-state (Fe
2+), be aubergine, make the color and luster trend maroon of muscle, the feed of interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive prepared by the application of the invention, the yellowish pink of yak returns in range of normal value.
Test group be water rate apparently higher than control group, be water rate representative when muscle be subject to External Force Acting (as pressurization, heating, freezing, chopping) time maintenance moisture ability, be important meat index.Be that water rate directly affects the color of meat, local flavor, tenderness and nutritive value.Be that water rate is high, meat shows as succulence, fresh and tender and surface dry; Coefficient shrinkage rate is low, then meat surface moisture oozes out, and seriously, muscle is stiff for soluble nutritious components and flavor loss, and meat declines.Adopt the Yak Meat system water rate of Chinese herbal feed additive feeding of the present invention relatively high, there is good organoleptic attribute, thus make Yak Meat have higher edibility and good processing characteristics.
Cold cuts rate is higher, and the yield rate of meat in process is higher, and processing characteristics is better, and the cold cuts rate of the yak of the feed feeding of the interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive adopting the present invention to prepare is apparently higher than control group, and prove that cooking loss is few, the quality of meat is better.
Tenderness is the decisive factor of meat quality and most important organoleptic feature, tenderness value is one of topmost index of reflection Meat Tenderness, its value lower expression muscle is tenderer, and the tenderness of the yak of the feed feeding of the interpolation Chinese herbal feed additive adopting the present invention to prepare is starkly lower than control group.
All above-mentioned this intellectual properties of primary enforcement, not setting restriction this new product of other forms of enforcement and/or new method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, and foregoing is revised, to realize similar implementation status.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on new product of the present invention.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. for improving a feed for Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: comprise corn, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, calcium bicarbonate, salt, vitamin C, vitamin E, monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate and Chinese herbal feed additive;
In described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 40 weight portion ~ 50 weight portion, dregs of beans 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 5 weight portion ~ 8 weight portion, salt 3 weight portion ~ 6 weight portion, vitamin C 1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, vitamin e1 weight portion ~ 3 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1 weight portion ~ 2 weight portion, manganese sulfate 0.5 weight portion ~ 1.5 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion;
Described Chinese herbal feed additive, its material composition is made up of the Radix Astragali, purslane, cacumen biotae, the root of herbaceous peony, Radix Glycyrrhizae, radish seed, Radix Isatidis, giant knotweed, hairyvein agrimony, catechu, pine needle, garlic, the fruit of glossy privet, Japanese Stephania Root, Selaginella tamariscina, madder, the vine of multiflower knotweed, wilsonii, dried orange peel, Chinese anise, piper cubeba, downy cherry fruit and shrub althea flower;
The weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
2. as claimed in claim 1 for improving the feed of Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: in described feed, the weight portion of each component is respectively corn 45 weight portion, dregs of beans 25 weight portion, rapeseed dregs 20 weight portion, calcium bicarbonate 6 weight portion, salt 4 weight portion, Catergen weight portion, vitamin E2 weight portion, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1 weight portion, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.5 weight portion, manganese sulfate 1 weight portion, Chinese herbal feed additive 20 weight portion.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for improving the feed of Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion ~ 70 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, madder 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, wilsonii 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 15 weight portion ~ 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion.
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for improving the feed of Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition also can be respectively the Radix Astragali 60 weight portion ~ 65 weight portion, purslane 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, radish seed 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, catechu 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, pine needle 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, garlic 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion ~ 45 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion ~ 40 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion ~ 25 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion ~ 35 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion ~ 30 weight portion.
5. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for improving the feed of Qinghai Yak meat, it is characterized in that: in described Chinese herbal feed additive, the weight portion of each material composition is respectively the Radix Astragali 65 weight portion, purslane 40 weight portion, cacumen biotae 35 weight portion, the root of herbaceous peony 35 weight portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae 30 weight portion, radish seed 25 weight portion, Radix Isatidis 25 weight portion, giant knotweed 35 weight portion, hairyvein agrimony 30 weight portion, catechu 40 weight portion, pine needle 30 weight portion, garlic 35 weight portion, the fruit of glossy privet 40 weight portion, Japanese Stephania Root 35 weight portion, Selaginella tamariscina 40 weight portion, madder 25 weight portion, the vine of multiflower knotweed 35 weight portion, wilsonii 35 weight portion, dried orange peel 30 weight portion, Chinese anise 20 weight portion, piper cubeba 25 weight portion, downy cherry fruit 30 weight portion and shrub althea flower 25 weight portion.
6. the preparation method of the feed for improving Qinghai Yak meat described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
The first step, prepares described Chinese herbal feed additive;
Second step, the Chinese herbal feed additive each component in described feed and the first step prepared is sent in mixer, stirs 30 minutes ~ 1 hour at normal temperatures, obtains feed;
The described first step is specially,
A, sends into each for described Chinese herbal feed additive material composition in proportion in mixer, is uniformly mixed;
B, sent in extractor by the product obtained after stirring, add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the first filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
C, in the filter residue that B step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filter, obtain the second filtrate, filter residue is for subsequent use;
D, in the filter residue that C step obtains, again add water, heating is boiled, and filters, and obtains the 3rd filtrate;
E, mixes the first filtrate obtained to the 3rd filtrate, and reduced pressure concentration, except anhydrating, obtains lotion, then carries out the particle that ultramicro grinding to grain diameter is 15 ~ 30 microns, dry, obtains Chinese herbal feed additive.
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| CN104351587A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-02-18 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | Cattle feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104686868B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2017-12-01 | 四川农业大学 | Yak deadlock ox specific complex Chinese herbal medicine licks brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107242365A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-10-13 | 无为县松林生态养殖有限公司 | A kind of steer ration feed formula |
| CN108703113A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-26 | 迪庆长林丰农特资源开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of yak |
| CN113068659A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-06 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Nutrition regulation and control method for improving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in yak meat |
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| CN1961710A (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2007-05-16 | 马永旺 | High-quality beef cattle bred by quick fermentation of Chinese herbs |
| CN102696868A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 吴瑞格 | Chinese medicinal feed for livestock |
| CN103202395A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-07-17 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Special concentrated feed for yak and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1961710A (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2007-05-16 | 马永旺 | High-quality beef cattle bred by quick fermentation of Chinese herbs |
| CN102696868A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 吴瑞格 | Chinese medicinal feed for livestock |
| CN103202395A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-07-17 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Special concentrated feed for yak and preparation method thereof |
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