CN103643263B - A kind of have metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of have metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides and a kind of there is metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof.This preparation method comprises the following steps: preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template, preparation shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and preparation have the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure; The step of preparation shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template comprises: preparation premixed liquid, prepare that ceramic size, Ceramic gel body injection molding, Ceramic gel body serial dehydration are dry, the biological template demoulding of shark shield phosphorus and shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank sintering; The step that preparation has a metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure comprises: spraying only solder flux, add metal base powder, jacket welding encapsulation, vibration fill out even and vacuumize leak detection, metal base powder sinters and the metal matrix component demoulding.The metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure of the present invention is prepared by aforesaid method.Preparation method of the present invention can realize the preparation of the metallic substance with shark placoid scale structure, can overcome the various shortcomings of non-metallic material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind of there is metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof, belong to metal-forming techniques field.
Background technology
Shark body surface is covered by the placoid scale (placoidscales) of diamond array, presents the surface tissue of rib-like.As shown in Figure 1A and 1B, the length of placoid scale is generally 100-200 μm, and the width between rib is 50-100 μm.The electron scanning micrograph of shark skin surface as shown in Figure 2.Placoid scale is enamel, quality very hard (microhardness 300-350HV is used as sand paper in ancient times), is made up of the squama sour jujube of Non-smooth surface and buried substrate in the dermis.Placoid scale and tooth belong to homologous organ (also known as " cosmoid scale "), and its form is different because of shark kind and body part.This rib structure on placoid scale can optimize the fluidic structures of shark body surface fluid boundary layer, suppresses and postpones the generation of turbulent flow, thus effectively reduce water body resistance.
Shark skin structured non-smooth surface has superior resistance reducing performance.Pertinent data shows, in the resistance of modern civilian aircraft, surface friction drag almost accounts for 48% of total-resistance; Boats and ships are when moving, and the resistance caused by surface friction accounts for the 70%-80% of total-resistance; In pipeline transportation, all loss is in surface friction drag for the energy of 80%-100%, and a large amount of energy has been consumed because of the existence of surface resistance.Drag reduction technology all has wide practical use at Military and civil fields, as engine blade, fluid delivery tube, the complicated pneumatic covering of aircraft, the pneumatic covering of bullet train, under water combat unit (battleship, submarine etc.).It is reported, the high precision shark placoid scale structure drag-reduction effect of Polymer materialspreparation is more than 10%, and in visible report, drag-reduction effect reaches as high as 24.6%.
At present, bionical shark skin placoid scale structure replication preparation is mainly divided into two processes: the manufacture of negative sense template and replica turn over mould.Placoid scale structure is existing preparation method mainly comprise: subfebrile temperature in pression method, micro-plastic casting method, micro-electrocasting and soft lithography etc.
Subfebrile temperature in pression method is combination that is hot-forming and vacuum pouring bi-material prototyping method, comprise base plate heating, sample stack with exert pressure, demoulding with elasticity, replica turn over mould four step, first three step is wherein for obtaining the negative sense template with shark placoid scale structure.In vacuum hotpressing machine, dull and stereotyped for substrate with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), shark skin to be tiled on it and to be aided with inflatable packer pressing with flat board; Be warmed up to PMMA second-order transition temperature under vacuum condition and pressurize for some time, pressurize terminates the negative sense template that the rear demoulding obtains being printed on placoid scale.Replica is turned over mould and is adopted performed polymer vacuum pouring method, PDMS performed polymer and solidifying agent is mixed in certain mass ratio and degassed, and be cast in the negative sense template of previous manufacture, be heating and curing, after reaching predetermined set time, the demoulding just obtains bionical shark skin.
The technological process that micro-plastic casting method copies shark skin is substantially identical with micro-embossing method, in the negative sense template manufacturing stage, before the PDMS performed polymer mixed in certain mass ratio and solidifying agent solidify, clogged shark skin surface and carry out replica, curing and demolding obtains micro-ly copying template (negative sense template).Replica turns over mode step section, obtained bionical shark skin after adopting RTV-II silicon rubber replica.
Micro-electroforming rule is in the negative sense template manufacturing stage, adopts electrocasting to prepare shark skin metallic nickel negative sense template.The metal that electrocasting is conventional is copper, nickel, iron three kinds, then turns over mode step section at negative sense, adopts pressure sintering that polythene PE plate is prepared bionical shark skin in the metallic nickel negative sense template prepared before.
Vacuum pouring method mainly comprises: in the negative sense template manufacturing stage, to shark skin sample surface pouring liquid duplicating material, then the bubble in vaccum-pumping equipment removal duplicating material is utilized, after material cured to be copied, the demoulding obtains shark skin and copies negative sense template, and wherein duplicating material can be fluid silicone rubber, PDMS performed polymer or solidifying agent mixed solution etc. by a certain percentage; Replica is turned over mode step section and is adopted vacuum pouring method all equally.
Micro-nano rolling forming method mainly comprises: in the negative sense template manufacturing stage, magnetron sputtering is adopted to sputter 0.5 μm of nickel dam on biological shark skin, then spraying technology is adopted to be spin-coated on by photoresist material PR1-12000A on the nickel dam of biological shark skin, at 120 DEG C of baking 180s, then 365nm length ultraviolet line 6min is irradiated, through washed with de-ionized water; After photoetching, shark skin is moist and soft, is attached in metallic roll, after being placed in loft drier drying, obtains the roller bearing with shark skin topological framework; Negative sense mould material adopts epoxy resin AW-01, after 45 DEG C of solidification 145-150min, have best plasticity, completes rolling process rapidly between needing at this moment in section; After roll extrusion completes, solidify completely at ambient temperature, thus obtain shark skin negative sense template; Turn over mode step section in replica, adopt injection moulding to prepare the bionical shark skin of silicon rubber in the negative sense template obtained.
Soft lithography mainly comprises: in the elasticity negative sense Template preparation stage, is micro-ly copy template, utilizes the soft mould technology in soft carving technology to prepare silicon rubber matter elasticity negative sense template with pretreated shark skin; Turn over mode step section in replica, with the graft copolymer of aqueous epoxy resins and polyacrylamide for base material, carry out replica to elasticity negative sense template, be shaped a kind of composite anti-drag shark skin having nanometer long-chain drag reduction interface and micron trenches pattern true to nature concurrently.
But the material that existing preparation has shark placoid scale structure exists a lot of not enough.One, the scope of application is mainly non-metallic material.At present, in various methods (as subfebrile temperature in pression method, micro-plastic casting method, micro-electrocasting, soft lithography etc.) prepared by shark skin placoid scale structure, bionical shark skin is prepared material and (is generally adopted high polymer material, as PDMS performed polymer and curing agent mixture, silicon rubber, polyethylene etc.) based on non-metallic material.Although high polymer material groove can represent goodish drag-reduction effect, can in actual physical situation, due to wearing and tearing, the drag-reduction effect of above-mentioned model can disappear totally very soon; Non-metallic material also can not be applied to high-temperature component in addition, as blade etc.Its two, be difficult in engineering field application.As micro-electrocasting, the common metal due to micro-electrocasting is mainly copper, nickel, iron three kinds, and other metallic substance as electroforming difficulties such as titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, Al-Li alloys, and can not be used.Micro-nano rolling forming method adopts magnetron sputtering nickel dam, there is metal_based material restricted problem equally, and magnetron sputtering efficiency is low.In addition, micro-nano rolling forming method, when negative sense template is prepared in roll extrusion, needs to complete in epoxy resin cure specified time, operational difficulty.
Therefore, develop and a kind of there is metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof, be still one of this area problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind of there is metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof.Preparation method of the present invention can realize the preparation of the metallic substance with shark placoid scale structure, can overcome the various shortcomings adopting non-metallic material.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of preparation method with the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template;
Step 2, preparation shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template: distilled water, acrylamide (AM) and methylene-bisacrylamide (MBAM, linking agent) are mixed formation premixed liquid; Aluminum oxide is joined in described premixed liquid, obtains ceramic size; In described ceramic size, add ammonium persulphate (ASP, initiator) and Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine (TEMED, catalyzer) and mix, then carrying out vacuumizing degasification, through 15-30min, obtain Ceramic gel body; Described Ceramic gel body is injected described shark shield phosphorus biological template; Then serial dehydration is carried out to the Ceramic gel body in described shark shield phosphorus biological template, make the dry formation ceramic blank of described Ceramic gel soma; Again by described shark shield phosphorus biological template along placoid scale withdrawing pattern direction from the demoulding the ceramic blank of drying, obtain shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank; Described shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank is sintered, obtains described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template;
Step 3, preparation have the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure: the one side spraying only solder flux in described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template with shark placoid scale structure; Shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template after spraying only solder flux is placed in jacket; Metal base powder being placed in the spraying of shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template stops on the face of solder flux, then carries out welding encapsulation to the jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder; Metal base powder uniform filling in jacket is made under oscillating action; Then carry out vacuumizing leak detection (if leak, then can carry out repair welding); The leak free jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder is sintered; Then remove jacket, and by metal matrix component from the demoulding shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template, obtain the described metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the aluminum oxide in step 2 is the alumina powder of meso-position radius 0.5-3 μm.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, with the total mass of this ceramic size for benchmark, the solid content of the ceramic size in step 2 is 52-70%.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the mass ratio of the distilled water in step 2, acrylamide, methylene-bisacrylamide is (69.9-88.5): (11-30): (0.1-0.5).
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramic size in step 2, ammonium persulphate, Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine is (90-95.9): (4-9.5): (0.1-0.5).
In above-mentioned preparation method, the ethanolic soln that serial dehydration can adopt volume fraction to raise gradually is carried out to the Ceramic gel body in described shark shield phosphorus biological template.The method adopting the ethanolic soln that raises gradually of volume fraction to carry out serial dehydration is the serial dehydration method of this area routine, and its concrete operation step is known to the skilled person.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the temperature sintered described shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank in step 2 is 1200-1500 DEG C, and the time is 20-40min.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the metal base powder in step 3 comprises the combination of one or more in the lightweights such as titanium alloy powder, tungsten alloy powder, Al alloy powder and Al-Li alloy powder or high temperature material (alloy).
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, particle diameter≤10 μm (superfine metal based powders) of the metal base powder in step 3, more preferably, particle diameter≤0.8 μm (nano metal based powders) of metal base powder.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the only solder flux in step 3 is that high temperature stops solder flux, sprays by quantitatively spraying instrument control system, thin film layer thickness≤5 μm.。Carrying out welding encapsulation to jacket in step 3 is adopt to well known to a person skilled in the art welding method for packing.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the jacket in step 3 is carbon steel jacket.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the temperature sintered the leak free jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder in step 3 is 950-1200 DEG C, and the time is 8-12h.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the removal jacket in step 3 adopts mechanical workout or Linear cut.
Shark skin placoid scale structure is made up of spinous process and subcutaneous dermal tissue, and the shark skin directly obtained needs the preparation that just can be used for shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template through pre-treatment.In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the step of preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template comprises: carry out that tissue is peeled off successively to shark skin, cleaning, dehydration, flatten and to fix and dry, obtain described shark shield phosphorus biological template.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described cleaning adopts aqueous phosphatic as scavenging solution.More preferably, the mass concentration of this aqueous phosphatic is 3-6%.The phosphoric acid salt that the phosphoric acid salt adopted can use for this area routine.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described dehydration comprises: at the shark shield phosphorus after cleaning is organized in 5 DEG C, fix 20-30 hour in glutaraldehyde water solution, the ethanolic soln then adopting volume fraction to raise gradually carries out serial dehydration.More preferably, the volumetric concentration of this glutaraldehyde water solution is 25%.The method adopting the ethanolic soln that raises gradually of volume fraction to carry out serial dehydration is the serial dehydration method of this area routine, and its concrete operation step is known to the skilled person.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the step of preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template can comprise: shark skin (can be the fresh shark skin directly bought from seafood market) the trunk epidermis intercepting certain size, peel off the subcutis of this trunk epidermis, adopt the shark shield phosphorus tissue after aqueous phosphatic clean stripping subcutis; At shark shield phosphorus after cleaning is organized in 5 DEG C, fix 20-30 hour in glutaraldehyde water solution, the ethanolic soln then adopting volume fraction to raise gradually carries out serial dehydration; Fix four edges of the shark shield phosphorus tissue after dehydration by frock, to prevent from, in drying process, warpage occurs, then carrying out drying to flattening the shark shield phosphorus tissue after fixing, obtaining described shark placoid scale biological template.Wherein, those skilled in the art can intercept shark skin trunk epidermis as required, and the size of intercepting can be 50mm × 50mm.Carry out drying to flattening the shark shield phosphorus tissue after fixing, can adopt loft drier, dry temperature can be 50-60 DEG C, and the time can be 1-2h.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method with the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure of the present invention has following progressive point: one, achieve the preparation of the bionical shark skin component of metal matrix; Two, based on the characteristic of metallic material components, the placoid scale structure prepared is not easy to wear; Three, metal base powder material can comprise lightweight or the high temperature materials such as titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, Al-Li alloy, superalloy, tungstenalloy, there is future in engineering applications widely, such as, the placoid scale drag reduction structures metal matrix component prepared is applied to engine high temperature resistant component etc.; Four, adopt conventional equipment, and existing preparation method mainly adopts specific equipment, as adopted magnetron sputtering equipment to prepare nickel dam on shark skin in micro-nano rolling forming method; The metal matrix component size five, prepared can design according to part feature, not by process technology limit.
The present invention also provides a kind of metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure, and it is preparation-obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method with the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure.
Preparation method of the present invention adopts Ceramic gel injection molding directly to copy placoid scale structure on shark shield phosphorus biological template, obtain shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template, then metal base powder is carried out turning over mould in shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and cover type, and then obtain the metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure.Preparation method of the present invention expands the placoid scale drag reduction biomimetic features manufacturing process scope of application to metallic substance, makes it have the prospect of engineer applied; And solve the easy loss of non-metallic material shark placoid scale structure and lose effect, and the problem of high-temperature component etc. can not be applied to.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the shield phosphorus length schematic diagram of shark skin placoid scale structure.
Figure 1B is the rib spacing schematic diagram of shark skin placoid scale structure.
Fig. 2 is the electron scanning micrograph of shark skin surface.
Fig. 3 is the schema of the preparation method of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the step 2 of the preparation method of embodiment 1 and the schematic flow sheet of step 3.
Embodiment
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and beneficial effect, existing following detailed description is carried out to technical scheme of the present invention, but can not be interpreted as to of the present invention can the restriction of practical range.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method with the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure, and as shown in preparation method's schema of Fig. 3 and the step 2 of preparation method of Fig. 4 and the schematic flow sheet of step 3, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template: shark skin (can be the fresh shark skin directly bought from seafood market) the trunk epidermis intercepting 50mm × 50mm, peel off the subcutis of this trunk epidermis, employing mass concentration is the shark shield phosphorus tissue after the aqueous phosphatic clean stripping subcutis of 3-6%; Be organized at 5 DEG C by the shark shield phosphorus after cleaning, volumetric concentration is fix 20-30 hour in the glutaraldehyde water solution of 25%, the ethanolic soln then adopting volume fraction to raise gradually carries out serial dehydration; Fix four edges of the shark shield phosphorus tissue after dehydration by frock, to prevent from, in drying process, warpage occurs, the shark shield phosphorus tissue after then flattening being fixed is placed in loft drier dries 1h at 60 DEG C, obtains described shark placoid scale biological template;
Step 2, preparation shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template: distilled water, acrylamide and methylene-bisacrylamide are mixed formation premixed liquid with the mass ratio of 87.5:12:0.5; Be that the alumina powder of 0.5-3 μm joins in described premixed liquid by meso-position radius, obtain the ceramic size (with the total mass of this ceramic size for benchmark) that solid content is 52-70%; In described ceramic size, add ammonium persulphate and Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine and mix, wherein, the mass ratio of ceramic size, ammonium persulphate and Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine is 94.9:5:0.1, then carries out vacuumizing degasification, through 15min, obtains Ceramic gel body; Described Ceramic gel body is injected described shark shield phosphorus biological template; Then serial dehydration is carried out to the Ceramic gel body in described shark shield phosphorus biological template, make the dry formation ceramic blank of described Ceramic gel soma; Again by described shark shield phosphorus biological template along placoid scale withdrawing pattern direction from the demoulding the ceramic blank of drying, obtain shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank; Sinter described shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank, the temperature of sintering is 1300 DEG C, and the time is 20min, obtains described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template;
Step 3, preparation have the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure: the one side spraying only solder flux in described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template with shark placoid scale structure; Then be the contact surface with carbon steel jacket not spray the face of only solder flux, the shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template after spraying only solder flux is placed in carbon steel jacket; Metal base powder being placed in the spraying of shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template stops on the face of solder flux, then carries out welding encapsulation to the carbon steel jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder; Shaking platform makes metal base powder uniform filling in carbon steel jacket; Then carry out vacuumizing leak detection with vacuum pump; Sinter the leak free carbon steel jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder, the temperature of sintering is 1000 DEG C, and the time is 10h; Then adopt mechanical workout or Linear cut to remove carbon steel jacket, and the metal matrix component obtained by sintering is from the demoulding shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template, obtains the described metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure; Wherein, described metal base powder comprises the combination of one or more in the lightweights such as titanium alloy powder, tungsten alloy powder, Al alloy powder and Al-Li alloy powder or high temperature material (alloy).
Claims (12)
1. have a preparation method for the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template;
Step 2, preparation shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template: distilled water, acrylamide and methylene-bisacrylamide are mixed formation premixed liquid; Aluminum oxide is joined in described premixed liquid, obtains ceramic size; In described ceramic size, add ammonium persulphate and Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine and mix, then carrying out vacuumizing degasification, through 15-30min, obtain Ceramic gel body; Described Ceramic gel body is injected on described shark shield phosphorus biological template; Then serial dehydration is carried out to the Ceramic gel body in described shark shield phosphorus biological template, make the dry formation ceramic blank of described Ceramic gel soma; Again by described shark shield phosphorus biological template along placoid scale withdrawing pattern direction from the demoulding the ceramic blank of drying, obtain shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank; Described shark shield phosphorus ceramic blank is sintered, obtains described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template;
Step 3, preparation have the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure: the one side spraying only solder flux in described shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template with shark placoid scale structure; Shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template after spraying only solder flux is placed in jacket; Metal base powder being placed in the spraying of shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template stops on the face of solder flux, then carries out welding encapsulation to the jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder; Metal base powder uniform filling in jacket is made under oscillating action; Then carry out vacuumizing leak detection; The leak free jacket with shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template and metal base powder is sintered; Then remove jacket, and by metal matrix component from the demoulding shark placoid scale pottery negative sense template, obtain the described metal matrix component with shark placoid scale structure.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the aluminum oxide in step 2 is the alumina powder of meso-position radius 0.5-3 μm.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, with the total mass of the ceramic size in step 2 for benchmark, the solid content of this ceramic size is 52-70%.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the mass ratio of the distilled water in step 2, acrylamide, methylene-bisacrylamide is (69.9-88.5): (11-30): (0.1-0.5).
5. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the mass ratio of the ceramic size in step 2, ammonium persulphate, Tetramethyl Ethylene Diamine is (90-95.9): (4-9.5): (0.1-0.5).
6. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the metal base powder in step 3 comprises the combination of one or more in titanium alloy powder, tungsten alloy powder and Al alloy powder.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, wherein, described Al alloy powder is Al-Li alloy powder.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the removal jacket in step 3 adopts mechanical workout.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, wherein, described mechanical workout is Linear cut.
10. preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of preparation shark shield phosphorus biological template comprises: carry out that tissue is peeled off successively to shark skin, cleaning, dehydration, flatten and to fix and dry, obtain described shark shield phosphorus biological template.
11. preparation methods according to claim 10, wherein, described cleaning adopts aqueous phosphatic as scavenging solution; Described dehydration comprises: at the shark shield phosphorus after cleaning is organized in 5 DEG C, fix 20-30 hour in glutaraldehyde water solution, the ethanolic soln then adopting volume fraction to raise gradually carries out serial dehydration.
12. 1 kinds of metal matrix components with shark placoid scale structure, it is preparation-obtained by the preparation method with the metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure described in any one of claim 1-11.
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| CN108147023B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-01-31 | 山东理工大学 | feeder with bionic shark skin placoid scale structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112496321B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-11-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of metal material with bionic scale structure |
| CN113636012A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-12 | 北京丰润铭科贸有限责任公司 | Method for preventing aquatic organisms from being parasitic on ship bottom shell |
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Address after: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: China Institute of Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Address before: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Aviation Manufacturing Engineering Institute of China Aviation Industry Group Company |