CN102381872B - Manufacturing method of shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN102381872B CN102381872B CN 201110261729 CN201110261729A CN102381872B CN 102381872 B CN102381872 B CN 102381872B CN 201110261729 CN201110261729 CN 201110261729 CN 201110261729 A CN201110261729 A CN 201110261729A CN 102381872 B CN102381872 B CN 102381872B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bionics, and specifically, relates to a manufacturing method of a shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface. The manufacturing method of the shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out diatomite pretreatment to obtain a diatomite mixture, 2, carrying out filtration and screening of the diatomite mixture to obtain a fourth-grade diatomite mixture, 3, carrying out diatomite acid etching treatment to obtain a fifth-grade diatomite mixture, 4, carrying out high-fidelity shark scale groove-like morphology copying and molding to obtain a nickel-made shark scale groove-like female mold, and and 5, carrying out sintering curing direct-forming of diatomite through shark scale groove-like morphology constraint to obtain the shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface. Through the manufacturing method provided by the invention, diatomite is cured into a porous surface and a shark scale groove-like morphology is directly copied to the porous surface so that the shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface is obtained. The shark scale groove-like composite drag reduction surface has drag reduction functions produced by copied shark scale grooves, and simultaneously has drag reduction functions produced by copied shark sustained-release self-lubricating mucus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the bionics techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of making method of drag reduction surface.
Background technology
Shark is the swimming top-notch player in the ocean, and its speed of cruising in water is about 5 kph, but when chasing prey prompt explosion to 70 kph.The height of shark trip speed is except outside the Pass the streamlined body with its standard has, and also the mucus of the micron order scale groove structure special with it and its body surface secretion is in close relations, and both compound actions are called " shark skin effect ".Current, imitation shagreen drag reduction mechanism, the high imitative shark composite anti-drag true to nature of manufacturing surface have become the focus of domestic and international research, and aircraft and long distance pipeline drag reduction field have important using value under water.
In addition, diatom is most important one of the quasi-microorganism that swims, and kind is many, quantity is large, it is extremely extensive to distribute.Diatom not only form is various, common are sphere, dish type, round shape, rod, boat-shaped etc., and special material and structure are arranged.On material, the main chemical of diatom shell is silicon-dioxide; Structurally, monomer diatom size is made of the upper and lower shell face between several microns to tens microns, and enclosure interior has cavity structure, and surface of shell is covered with nanometer level microporous.
Diatomite is the silicastone that ancient times, the remains settling generated of diatom, and mainly the siliceous remains by ancient times diatom and other microorganisms (radiolaria, sponge etc.) form, and main chemical is silicon-dioxide.Diatomite exists as mineral products in a large number at occurring in nature, thereby wide material sources, cheap.Exquisiteness, light weight, porosity are large because diatomite has, adsorptivity and perviousness is strong, stable chemical nature, wear-resisting, heat-resisting, the characteristics such as some strength are arranged, be a kind of material with significant application value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide the making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag surface, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
Technical problem solved by the invention can realize by the following technical solutions:
The making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag surface is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) diatomite pre-treatment obtains the diatomite mixture;
2) tripolite filtering screen:
(A) with 1) the diatomite mixture that makes adds deionized water at ambient temperature, then uses the filter cloth of 30 μ m～40 μ m to filter, and filters the diatomite mixture of particle diameter more than 30 μ m;
(B) the diatomite mixture of remainder is used N at ambient temperature
2Dry up, obtain the 4th diatomite mixture.
3) diatomite acid etching: under the room temperature condition, with 2) to join mass percent concentration be acid etching 10min～20min in 10%～20% the HF solution for the 4th diatomite mixture that obtains, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m～20 μ m to filter, obtain the 5th diatomite mixture;
4) high imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern true to nature is copied into type:
(A) it is that nickel, thickness are the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter of 2.5mm～3.5mm that the clone method that adopts biological epidermis to copy template copies metal material;
(B) the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter being put into deionized water at ambient temperature, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then dries stand-by;
5) the diatomite hot-press solidifying straight forming under the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern constraint:
(A) with 3) the 5th diatomite mixture that makes evenly puts into hot pressing die, and hot pressing die is placed on the electrically heated pedestal in the hot-press solidifying restriction molding device;
(B) with 4) the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of the nickel matter that makes plaited surface is arranged on the five diatomite mixture of lower cover in hot pressing die, then compress at the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template back side of nickel matter and all press sandbag;
(C) the electrically heated pedestal is warming up to 415 ℃～650 ℃, and in this temperature range, keeps constant temperature;
(D) all pressing the sandbag 500kPa～700kPa that exerts pressure to carry out thermocompression bonding 5h～10h, then carry out the demoulding;
(E) under the room temperature condition diatomite solidified surface after the demoulding being immersed in the deionized water, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then uses N
2Dry up, namely obtain imitative shark composite anti-drag surface.
The mode that the diatomite that the present invention adopts above-mentioned technique solidifies by acid etching and thermocompression bonding is solidified into porous surface with diatomite, solidifies diatom soil phase ratio with the mode of traditional employing sintering, and its solidification intensity is at 15MPa～25MPa, and porosity is 50%～70%.Can keep vesicular structure after it solidifies, prepared diatomite solidified surface has larger pore volume, stronger adsorptivity and slow-releasing.The present invention is being solidified the diatomaceous while, directly copies imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks pattern thereon, and its pattern naturalness is 75%～85%.The imitative shark composite anti-drag surface of made not only has the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern of high micron order true to nature, can bring into play the anti-drag function of imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove, but also have the nanometer porous microstructure of diatom shell, can bring into play simultaneously the anti-drag function of imitative shark slowly-releasing self-lubricating mucus.Thereby realize improving the purpose of submarine navigation device and long distance oil-gas transport pipe drag reduction ability.
Hot pressing die in the step 5) adopts lead to make.Shape according to the imitative shark composite anti-drag surface that will make is different, such as tabular or circular tube shaped, can change arbitrarily as required this hot pressing die.
For ease of the demoulding, in the step 5), be 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution in advance at hot pressing die internal surface coating one deck mass percent concentration.
For ease of the demoulding, in the step 5), in advance the plaited surface coating one deck mass percent concentration that has at the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter is 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution.
In the step 1), the diatomite pretreatment technology can adopt pretreatment process commonly used, also can adopt following diatomite pre-treatment step:
(A) under the room temperature condition, be immersion treatment 3min ~ 5min in 1.5%～3.5% the HF solution with diatomite at mass percent concentration, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, obtain the first diatomite mixture;
(B) be under 80 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ conditions, at NH with described the first diatomite mixture in temperature
4, H
2O
2, H
2Immersion treatment 10min ~ 20min in the O mixed solution (1:2:7) then uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the second diatomite mixture;
(C) described the second diatomite mixture is added deionized water at ambient temperature, be that 800W ~ 1200W, operating frequency are under the condition of 30KHz ~ 50KHz at power, then ultrasonic cleaning 10min ~ 20min uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the 3rd diatomite mixture.
Beneficial effect: owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention adopts diatomite to be solidified into porous surface and directly copies the imitative shark composite anti-drag surface that the mode of imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks pattern obtains thereon, the anti-drag function of imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove not only can be brought into play, but also the anti-drag function of imitative shark slowly-releasing self-lubricating mucus can be brought into play simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is schema of the present invention;
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is hot-press solidifying restriction molding of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template surface microscopic topographic of nickel matter of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the imitative shark composite anti-drag surface microscopic topographic of the present invention.
Embodiment
For technique means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with concrete diagram.
With reference to Fig. 1, the making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag surface comprises the steps:
The first step, the diatomite pre-treatment obtains the diatomite mixture.The diatomite pretreatment technology can adopt pretreatment process commonly used, also can adopt following diatomite pre-treatment step: (A) under the room temperature condition, be immersion treatment 3min ~ 5min in 1.5%～3.5% the HF solution with diatomite at mass percent concentration, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, obtain the first diatomite mixture.(B) be under 80 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ conditions, at NH with the first diatomite mixture in temperature
4, H
2O
2, H
2Immersion treatment 10min ~ 20min in the O mixed solution (1:2:7) then uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the second diatomite mixture.(C) the second diatomite mixture is added deionized water at ambient temperature, be that 800W ~ 1200W, operating frequency are under the condition of 30KHz ~ 50KHz at power, then ultrasonic cleaning 10min ~ 20min uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the 3rd diatomite mixture.
Second step, tripolite filtering screen: the diatomite mixture that (A) the first step is made adds deionized water at ambient temperature, then uses the filter cloth of 30 μ m～40 μ m to filter, and filters the diatomite mixture of particle diameter more than 30 μ m.(B) the diatomite mixture of remainder is used N at ambient temperature
2Dry up, obtain the 4th diatomite mixture.
The 3rd step, diatomite acid etching: under the room temperature condition, it is acid etching 10min～20min in 10%～20% the HF solution that the 4th diatomite mixture that second step is obtained joins mass percent concentration, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m～20 μ m to filter, obtain the 5th diatomite mixture.
In the 4th step, high imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern true to nature is copied into type: it is that nickel, thickness are the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter of 2.5mm～3.5mm that the clone method that (A) adopts biological epidermis to copy template copies metal material.(B) the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter being put into deionized water at ambient temperature, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then dries stand-by.The clone method that biological epidermis copies template can adopt existing method to obtain copying template.With reference to Fig. 3, imitate the microtexture schematic diagram of Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template for the nickel matter that adopts the pulse electroforming method to make.
The 5th step, diatomite hot-press solidifying straight forming under the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern constraint: with reference to Fig. 2, (A) the 3rd the 5th diatomite mixture that make of step is evenly put into hot pressing die 1, and hot pressing die 1 is placed on the electrically heated pedestal 2 in the hot-press solidifying restriction molding device.Hot pressing die 1 adopts lead to make.Shape according to the imitative shark composite anti-drag surface that will make is different, such as tabular or circular tube shaped, can change arbitrarily as required this hot pressing die 1.(B) with the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template 3 of the 4th nickel matter that makes of step plaited surface is arranged on the five diatomite mixture of lower cover hot pressing die 1 in, then imitate Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template 3 back sides in nickel matter and compress and all press sandbag 4.(C) electrically heated pedestal 2 is warming up to 415 ℃～650 ℃, and in this temperature range, keeps constant temperature.(D) all pressing the sandbag 4 500kPa～700kPa that exerts pressure to carry out thermocompression bonding 5h～10h, then carry out the demoulding.(E) under the room temperature condition diatomite solidified surface after the demoulding being immersed in the deionized water, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then uses N
2Dry up, namely obtain imitative shark composite anti-drag surface.With reference to Fig. 4, for adopting the appearance structure schematic diagram on the imitative shark composite anti-drag surface that above-mentioned technique makes.
For ease of the demoulding, in the 5th step, be 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution in advance at the very thin one deck mass percent concentration of the even coating of hot pressing die internal surface.In advance the even very thin one deck mass percent concentration of coating of having on the plaited surface at the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter is 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution.
The imitative shark composite anti-drag surface of adopting the present invention to make can directly apply to the place that needs drag reduction, such as be arranged on the conveying pipeline inner wall, the submarine navigation device outside surface.Also can be with imitative shark composite anti-drag of the present invention surface through immersing flow improver, the processing such as degassed, obtain slowly to discharge the drag reduction surface of flow improver, mode with the existing direct coating in surface flow improver needing drag reduction compares like this, sticking power and Rong Chiliang that can not only Effective Raise self-lubricating mucus can also reach slow release so that it all acts on the effectively purpose in district of turbulent flow.Thereby have and improve flow improver and utilize usefulness, reduce consumption, reduce the advantage such as operation and maintenance cost.
Above demonstration and described ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the specification sheets just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. the making method on an imitative shark composite anti-drag surface is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) diatomite pre-treatment obtains the diatomite mixture;
2) tripolite filtering screen:
(A) with 1) the diatomite mixture that makes adds deionized water at ambient temperature, then uses the filter cloth of 30 μ m～40 μ m to filter, and filters the diatomite mixture of particle diameter more than 30 μ m;
(B) the diatomite mixture of remainder is used N at ambient temperature
2Dry up, obtain the 4th diatomite mixture,
3) diatomite acid etching: under the room temperature condition, with 2) to join mass percent concentration be acid etching 10min～20min in 10%～20% the HF solution for the 4th diatomite mixture that obtains, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m～20 μ m to filter, obtain the 5th diatomite mixture;
4) high imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern true to nature is copied into type:
(A) it is that nickel, thickness are the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter of 2.5mm～3.5mm that the clone method that adopts biological epidermis to copy template copies metal material;
(B) the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter being put into deionized water at ambient temperature, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then dries stand-by;
5) the diatomite hot-press solidifying straight forming under the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove pattern constraint:
(A) with 3) the 5th diatomite mixture that makes evenly puts into hot pressing die, and hot pressing die is placed on the electrically heated pedestal in the hot-press solidifying restriction molding device;
(B) with the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of the 4th nickel matter that makes of step plaited surface is arranged on the five diatomite mixture of lower cover in hot pressing die, then compress at the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template back side of nickel matter and all press sandbag;
(C) the electrically heated pedestal is warming up to 415 ℃～650 ℃, and in this temperature range, keeps constant temperature;
(D) all pressing the sandbag 500kPa～700kPa that exerts pressure to carry out thermocompression bonding 5h～10h, then carry out the demoulding;
(E) under the room temperature condition diatomite solidified surface after the demoulding being immersed in the deionized water, is that 800W～1200W, operating frequency are ultrasonic cleaning 10min～20min under the condition of 30KHz～50KHz at power, then uses N
2Dry up, namely obtain imitative shark composite anti-drag surface.
2. the making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag according to claim 1 surface, it is characterized in that: the hot pressing die in the step 5) adopts lead to make.
3. the making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag according to claim 1 surface is characterized in that: for ease of the demoulding, in the step 5), be 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution in advance at hot pressing die internal surface coating one deck mass percent concentration.
4. according to claim 1 or the making method on 3 described a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag surfaces, it is characterized in that: for ease of the demoulding, in the step 5), in advance the plaited surface coating one deck mass percent concentration that has at the imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks groove negative template of nickel matter is 80% the boron nitride aqueous solution.
5. the making method on a kind of imitative shark composite anti-drag according to claim 1 surface, it is characterized in that: in the step 1), the diatomite pretreatment technology adopts following steps:
(A) under the room temperature condition, be immersion treatment 3min ~ 5min in 1.5%～3.5% the HF solution with diatomite at mass percent concentration, then use the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, obtain the first diatomite mixture;
(B) be under 80 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ conditions, at NH with described the first diatomite mixture in temperature
4, H
2O
2, H
2Then immersion treatment 10min ~ 20min in the O mixed solution uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the second diatomite mixture;
(C) described the second diatomite mixture is added deionized water at ambient temperature, be that 800W ~ 1200W, operating frequency are under the condition of 30KHz ~ 50KHz at power, then ultrasonic cleaning 10min ~ 20min uses the filter cloth of 5 μ m ~ 20 μ m to filter, and obtains the 3rd diatomite mixture.
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| CN102627256B (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2015-06-24 | 北京大学 | Micro-nano integrated processing technology based three-dimensional anti-drag micro-channel structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103643263B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-01-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of have metal matrix component of shark placoid scale structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN104355283B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-02-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of liquid one direction sprawls bionic surface texture |
| CN104637897B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | It is a kind of based on bionical impingement water-filled radiator |
| CN105935772B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-11-17 | 四川天塬增材制造材料有限公司 | A kind of metal 3D printing preparation method with bionic surface structure |
| CN106512884B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-04-06 | 山东理工大学 | Prepare the diatomite acid etching shaping reaction unit of bionical complex function structure |
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| DE10053347A1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-08 | Bayer Ag | Shaped bodies and coatings based on silane-functional binders |
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