CN112496321B - Preparation method of metal material with bionic scale structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal material with bionic scale structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496321B CN112496321B CN202011382060.6A CN202011382060A CN112496321B CN 112496321 B CN112496321 B CN 112496321B CN 202011382060 A CN202011382060 A CN 202011382060A CN 112496321 B CN112496321 B CN 112496321B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/042—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling using a particular milling fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal material with a bionic fish scale structure, which comprises the following steps: preparing a sheet structure: adding grinding balls, ethanol and a grinding aid into the aluminum material for grinding, then filtering the steel balls to obtain an aluminum powder solution, ultrasonically dispersing the aluminum powder solution in the ethanol solution, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a raw material; the raw materials are subjected to directional arrangement treatment, and then the raw materials are placed into a die for hot pressing to obtain the bionic fish scale structure. The metal prepared by the method has higher strength and toughness, can resist external stronger load impact, and has simple process flow and operation; by constructing the microstructure of the bionic fish scale, the metal material has high strength and high toughness and has the possibility of mass production; the material prepared by the hot pressing method has good compactness and can be directly used for secondary processing of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a bionic material, in particular to a preparation method of a metal material with a bionic fish scale structure.
Background
The fish scale is an accessory, different fishes have different fish scale structures, and the fish scale can be roughly divided into four types: scutellum, odontolith, hard scale and round scale. Although fish scales are classified differently, all fish scales have a common property that they are natural materials, have excellent strength, and have ultra-light and ultra-thin flexibility. Research shows that the excellent mechanical property of fish scales is closely related to the structure of the fish scales. The fish scales are typical laminated structures, the layers are distributed very tightly and are laminated, a single layer sheet is irregular, thick in the middle and slightly thin at two sides, and when the fish scales are arranged, the thin parts at two sides and the thick parts at the middle are alternately arranged. The Robert-Ridge research group at Berkeley division of the university of California, USA, revealed that giant Ottelia could resist the terrible attack of piranha: the fish scale special spiral plywood micro-nano structure can absorb external energy and resist crack expansion, so that the fish scale special spiral plywood micro-nano structure has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
The bionic fish scale prepared by the biological material has good comprehensive mechanical property, but cannot be widely applied to the field of aerospace structural members, and firstly, the manufacturing process is very complicated, so that the method is not beneficial to industrial production. The heat resistance of the biological material is far lower than that of a metal composite material, the yield is far lower than that of a metal material, and the price is far higher than that of the metal material, so that the biological material is mainly made of the metal material for aerospace large components.
Many processing techniques have been proposed to produce biomimetic organic/inorganic materials using layer-by-layer deposition, solution casting and self-assembly, which are basically for the production of organic materials and not for metallic materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing bionic scale structure, the invention provides a preparation method of a metal material of the bionic scale structure.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a metal material with a bionic fish scale structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a sheet structure;
adding grinding balls, ethanol and a grinding aid into an aluminum material for grinding, then filtering the steel ball to obtain an aluminum powder liquid, ultrasonically dispersing the aluminum powder liquid in an ethanol solution, centrifugally separating, and drying to obtain a raw material, namely the sheet structure;
(2) Carrying out directional arrangement treatment on the raw materials;
(3) And putting the raw materials in the directional arrangement into a die for hot pressing to obtain the bionic fish scale structure.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the aluminum material is 10-25.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the mass of the ethanol is 100-300% of the mass of the aluminum material.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 80-99.9%.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the grinding aid is stearic acid, and the amount of the stearic acid is 1.5-4% of the mass of the aluminum material.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the aluminum material is contained in the grinding ball tank, and then grinding balls, ethanol and grinding aids are added for grinding.
As a further improvement of the proposal, the hot pressing temperature is 200-650 ℃ and the pressure is 40-220MPa during hot pressing.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the supernatant is dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the nano flaky aluminum powder.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, when preparing the sheet structure: putting aluminum powder serving as an aluminum material into a ball milling tank, and mixing the aluminum material with a grinding ball according to a mass ratio of 10-25:1, adding a grinding ball, then adding ethanol accounting for 100-300% of the mass of the aluminum material, and adding stearic acid accounting for 1.5-4% of the mass of the aluminum material.
Preferably, the ball milling tank performs ball milling for 4 to 10 hours at a rotating speed of 100 to 300 revolutions per minute to obtain the aluminum powder liquid.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, during hot pressing: preheating 100 ℃ by adopting a pressing die with the diameter of 50mm, putting the arranged nano flaky aluminum powder into the pressing die, and finally obtaining the bionic scaly aluminum at the pressure of 80MPa and the heating temperature of 400 ℃.
The invention also provides another preparation method of the material with the bionic scale structure, which comprises the following steps:
putting aluminum powder serving as an aluminum material into a ball milling tank, and mixing the aluminum material with a grinding ball according to a mass ratio of 20: 1. adding grinding balls; adding ethanol according to the mass ratio of the aluminum material to the ethanol of 1; adding stearic acid in a manner that the mass ratio of the aluminum material to the stearic acid is 1.02; ball-milling for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 250 revolutions per minute to obtain aluminum powder liquid, and ultrasonically dispersing, centrifugally separating and drying the aluminum powder liquid in an ethanol solution to obtain nano flaky aluminum powder, namely a raw material;
arranging the nano flaky aluminum powder in a directional arrangement mode;
preheating 100 ℃ by adopting a pressing die with the diameter of 50mm, putting the arranged nano flaky aluminum powder into the pressing die, and heating at the pressure of 80MPa and the heating temperature of 400 ℃ to finally obtain the bionic scaly aluminum.
As a further improvement of the above aspect, the purity of the aluminum material is 99.99%.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the purity of the ethanol is 99.9%.
Compared with the existing preparation method of the bionic fish scale structure, the preparation method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the existing preparation method of the fish scale structure, the invention adopts nonmetal as raw materials, and the invention introduces metal to prepare the fish scale structure. Compared with the prior fish scale-shaped preparation process, the prepared metal has the advantages of higher strength and toughness, capability of resisting external stronger load impact, simple process flow and simple operation.
(2) Compared with the existing biocompatible hydroxyapatite micro-nano fiber, the metal material has superior ductility, and the metal material has high strength, high toughness and the possibility of mass production by constructing the microstructure of the bionic scale.
(3) The material prepared by the hot pressing method has good compactness and can be directly used for secondary processing of products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a preparation flow chart of a material preparation method of a bionic fish scale structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the bionic fish scale structure obtained by the preparation method in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the bionic fish scale structure obtained by the preparation method in fig. 1 and fish scales.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing a material with a bionic fish scale structure of the present invention mainly comprises three steps:
(1) Preparing a sheet structure;
(2) Carrying out directional arrangement treatment on the raw materials;
(3) And putting the raw materials in the directional arrangement into a mould for hot pressing to obtain the bionic scale structure, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
Aiming at the step (1), when the sheet-shaped structure is prepared, firstly, grinding balls, ethanol and grinding aids are added into the aluminum material for grinding. The aluminum material can adopt aluminum powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the aluminum material is 10-25. The grinding aid can be stearic acid, and the amount of the stearic acid can be 1.5-4% of the mass of the aluminum material.
Therefore, aluminum powder can be put into a ball mill pot as an aluminum material, and the ratio of the grinding balls to the aluminum material is 10 to 25: adding grinding balls in the mode 1, then adding ethanol which accounts for 100-300% of the mass of the aluminum material, and adding stearic acid which accounts for 1.5-4% of the mass of the aluminum material. The ball milling tank performs ball milling at the rotating speed of 100-300 r/min as much as possible, and the ball milling is preferably carried out for about 4-10 hours to obtain the aluminum powder liquid. Although the rotation speed and time of the ball milling are not particularly limited as long as the aluminum flake powder liquid can be obtained, in this example, the aluminum flake powder liquid can be obtained by milling the ball milling pot at 250 rpm for 5 hours according to experience.
And then, ultrasonically dispersing the aluminum powder liquid in an ethanol solution, and centrifugally separating to obtain a raw material, namely the flaky structure. The concentration of the ethanol solution may be 80 to 99.9%, and the amount is not particularly limited as long as the aluminum powder liquid can be ultrasonically dispersed in the ethanol solution.
And (3) aiming at the step (2), carrying out directional arrangement treatment on the raw materials, wherein the arrangement sequence can be determined according to the actual fish scale structure.
And (4) aiming at the step (3), the hot pressing temperature can be 200-650 ℃, and the pressure can be 40-220MPa. If a pressing die with the diameter of 50mm is adopted, preheating 100 ℃, putting the arranged nano flaky aluminum powder into the pressing die, and finally obtaining the bionic scaly aluminum, wherein the pressure is 80MPa and the heating temperature is 400 ℃.
The flaky nano metal powder is prepared by ball milling, and the fish-scale structure material is prepared by hot pressing of the metal powder, so that the production efficiency is high, and the industrial production is facilitated. The prepared fish scale structure layered material is a novel layered composite material, and is characterized in that the distribution is tight, and the inner layers of the sheets are arranged according to a certain angle.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the material with the bionic scale structure comprises the following specific steps.
(1) Preparing a sheet structure, adding a certain amount of metal material into a ball milling tank, adding a certain proportion of milling balls and ethanol, and milling a grinding aid at a certain rotating speed for a sufficient time, after milling, ultrasonically dispersing the prepared powder liquid in an ethanol solution, and centrifugally separating to obtain the raw material.
(2) The raw materials are subjected to directional arrangement treatment.
(3) And (3) putting the raw materials which are arranged in an oriented way into a mould by a hot pressing method for hot pressing to obtain the bionic fish scale structure.
The ball material ratio is 10-25:1.
the grinding aid is stearic acid, and the amount of the stearic acid is 1.5-4% of the mass of the raw materials.
The purity of the ethanol is 99.9 percent, and the ethanol accounts for 100 to 300 percent of the mass of the raw materials.
The hot pressing temperature is 200-650 ℃, and the pressure is 40-220MPa.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the preparation method of the material with the bionic fish scale structure are as follows.
Putting aluminum powder with the purity of 99.99% into a ball milling tank, and mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 20: adding grinding balls into the raw material 1, adding ethanol with the purity of 99.9% according to a mass ratio of 1.
The nano flake aluminum powder is arranged according to a certain sequence in a directional arrangement mode.
The pressing mould is preheated to 100 ℃, the arranged nano aluminum powder is put into the pressing mould with the diameter of 50mm, the pressure is 80MPa, the heating temperature is 400 ℃, and finally the bionic scaly aluminum is obtained.
In combination with the three embodiments, the preparation method of the material with the bionic fish scale structure disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of adding a certain amount of metal material into a ball milling tank, adding a certain proportion of milling balls and ethanol, and grinding aid, carrying out ball milling for a sufficient time at a certain rotating speed, filtering the steel balls after milling, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the prepared powder liquid in an ethanol solution to obtain the raw material. The hydroxyapatite micro-nano fiber with biocompatibility has excellent ductility, and the metal material has high strength, high toughness and possibility of mass production by constructing a microstructure of the bionic scale.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a metal material with a bionic scale structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
putting aluminum powder serving as an aluminum material into a ball milling tank, and mixing the aluminum material with a grinding ball according to the mass ratio of 20: adding grinding balls in the mode of 1; adding ethanol in a manner that the mass ratio of the aluminum material to the ethanol is 1; adding stearic acid in a manner that the mass ratio of the aluminum material to the stearic acid is 1.02; ball-milling for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 250 revolutions per minute to obtain aluminum powder liquid, and ultrasonically dispersing and drying the aluminum powder liquid in an ethanol solution to obtain nano flaky aluminum powder, namely a raw material;
arranging the nano flaky aluminum powder in an oriented arrangement mode;
preheating 100 ℃ by adopting a pressing die with the diameter of 50mm, putting the arranged nano flaky aluminum powder into the pressing die, and finally obtaining the bionic scaly aluminum at the pressure of 80MPa and the heating temperature of 400 ℃.
2. The method for preparing a metal material with a bionic fish scale structure according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material has a purity of 99.99%.
3. The method for preparing a metal material with a bionic scale structure according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the ethanol is 99.9%.
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| CN102513697A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-27 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method for simulated surfaces |
| CN104789920A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-22 | 山东科技大学 | Method for utilizing plasma spray scalded wear-resistant coating |
| CN107475592A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-15 | 南昌工程学院 | Self-lubricating metal-ceramic composite with biomimetic features and preparation method thereof |
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