CN103630474A - Multilane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5) telemetering device - Google Patents
Multilane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5) telemetering device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multilane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5) telemetering device which comprises a road condition detection unit, a license plate detection unit, a vehicle speed acceleration detection unit, a wind speed and wind direction detection unit, a PM2.5 detection unit, a control unit, a data processing unit and the like. The telemetering device can detect a real-time condition of vehicle running on a one-way or two-way multilane pavement, and can detect the license plate number, the speed, the acceleration and the concentration of PM2.5 in tail gas of a vehicle in a short time when only one vehicle runs on a multilane.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, belong to environment measuring technical field and photoelectric detection technology field.Be specifically related to optics, mathematics, photoelectric detecting technology, image processing techniques, technology of instrument and meter, sensor Data Fusion, multi-point technology, computer software technology, Machine Manufacturing Technology, sensor technology etc.
Background technology
Motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 telemetering device can complete tail gas PM2.5 concentration and detect under normal vehicle operation state, be a kind of based on light extinction method without sampling, contactless, PM2.5 pick-up unit real-time.Trace oscillating balance method and β attenuation sensors are the PM2.5 monitoring methods of current main flow, the two all needs surrounding air sample and cut, PM2.5 is deposited on filter membrane, direct or indirect measurement PM2.5 concentration again, although measure accurately, but measuring period is long, and equipment is huge, is difficult to be applied to the remote measurement of motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 concentration.Have Related product that PM2.5 is sucked to closed region, create the environment that desirable shortage is disturbed, measurement data is comparatively accurate, but cost is higher and measuring period is long.Compare above method, this patent is the PM2.5 detection method based on light extinction method, be applicable to the remote measurement of real-time PM2.5 concentration fast of a large amount of motor vehicles, its principle is simple, instrument cost is low, measurement range is wide, measuring speed is fast, only need to measure the variation of the tested air of the light beam transmission front and back light intensity of different wave length, through data analysis, relatively accurate PM2.5 number concentration can be obtained, in certain error allowed band, PM2.5 mass concentration can be converted to again.The present invention has two difficult points, and when first track flow is larger, in the situation that not affecting normal vehicle operation, fast detecting also filters out the vehicle that exceeds standard; It two is to detect in physical environment, disturbs extremely manyly, how interference is all added to data analysis, and obtains relatively accurate PM2.5 concentration value, particularly crucial.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve a difficult problem for motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 remote measurement, filter out on track the larger vehicle of surrounding air PM2.5 contribution of concentration.The measurement means of like product has 2 deficiencies, and the one, comparatively strict to environmental requirement, can not there is too many interference, common practices is that the gas containing PM2.5 is sucked in an obturator, under a comparatively desirable environment, measures; The 2nd, measuring period is longer.Maximum feature of the present invention is exactly that measuring speed is fast, and testing process does not impact travelling of vehicle, so the gas that contains PM2.5 can not be sucked in obturator and detects.And when vehicle flowrate is larger, if each measuring intervals of TIME is very short, obviously can not adapt to this road conditions longer measuring period, so the present invention is intended to solve an as above difficult problem.
The technical scheme that multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention will address the above problem employing is achieved in that
A kind of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, it is characterized in that, by road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit, formed, wherein
Described road conditions detecting unit is comprised of road conditions video camera, video detector, road conditions video camera is arranged on road top, be divided into two groups, respectively travel direction is taken to the two-way traveling state of vehicle in track, video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, judge whether to meet and only have at short notice a car by the condition of PM2.5 check point, and result is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described licence plate detecting unit is comprised of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module, licence plate video camera is divided into two groups, be arranged on both sides, track, take by the licence plate of the dual-way vehicle of PM2.5 check point, capure card is captured processing to the photographic images of licence plate video camera, license plate identification module filters out a frame that comprises car plate complete image information from the multiple image of capturing, and carries out license plate identification, and the license plate information of obtaining is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described car speed acceleration detecting unit is mainly by three groups of laser generators, receiver, and take the timer that receiver signal is trigger source and form, three groups of laser generators are placed in track one side in interval at a certain distance, Emission Lasers level is worn and is penetrated track, be arranged in track opposite side three receivers any one receive light intensity negative edge signal, can carry out zero clearing and time data storage operation by triggering timing device, control module and data processing unit are by three moment that obtain car speed acceleration detecting unit and obtain, calculate according to this car speed and acceleration,
Described wind speed and direction detecting unit is mainly comprised of air velocity transducer and wind transducer, and two installation of sensors, near PM2.5 detecting unit, obtain the wind speed and direction data on monitoring track, and pass to control module and data processing unit;
Described PM2.5 detecting unit is mainly comprised of multiwavelength laser transmitter, receiver and data acquisition unit, the LASER Light Source of purple light, green glow, ruddiness and near infrared light keeps constant light intensity under light intensity closed-loop control, the light beam sending is processed through converging with parallelization, horizontal transmission track, after track opposite side converges transmitted light, receiver detects each wave band light intensity, data acquisition unit gathers, analyzes, optimizes, stores the data of receiver, and passes to control module and data processing unit;
Described control module, testing result according to the road conditions detecting unit receiving to road conditions, carry out choosing of whole system duty, and send corresponding control signal to each detecting unit according to current system duty, data processing unit is processed the data that each detecting unit transmits, and completes the calculating of car speed acceleration, the calculating of PM2.5 concentration, correction and optimization.
Further, realized the remote measurement to quick, the real-time PM2.5 concentration of multilane motor vehicle, and PM2.5 concentration detected value is revised and optimized by detecting transport condition and the wind speed and direction of vehicle, filter out the larger vehicle of environment PM2.5 contribution simultaneously.
Principle of the present invention is:
Multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, is comprised of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit.
Road conditions detecting unit obtains current traffic information, and data are passed to control module and data processing unit, by analyzing current road conditions to determine the duty of whole system.If road conditions met in the short time, may only have a car by the condition of PM2.5 check point, control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system in " work " state; If may there is no vehicle in the short time or have many cars simultaneously by monitoring point, control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system keep " preparation " state.
Licence plate detecting unit, under " work " state, to capturing through the licence plate of PM2.5 check point vehicle, after license plate identification, is passed to control module and data processing unit by vehicle license information and vehicle through the moment of monitoring point; Under " preparation " state, licence plate detecting unit will quit work.
The generating laser of car speed acceleration detecting unit and receiver maintenance work, under " work " state, when timer record vehicle passes through, three receivers receive respectively the moment of light intensity negative edge signal, and these three moment are passed to control module and data processing unit; Under " preparation " state, timer stops the monitoring to receiver signal.
Air velocity transducer in wind speed and direction detecting unit and wind transducer maintenance work, only, when under " work " state, pass to control module and data processing unit by Monitoring Data.
Multiwavelength laser transmitter and receiver maintenance work in PM2.5 detecting unit, only when under " work " state, data acquisition unit starts the variation of each wavelength laser light intensity of continuous monitoring, and the sampled value in a period of time is passed to control module and data processing unit in real time.
Control module and data processing unit receive the traffic information that road conditions detecting unit transmits, and the control signal of duty is passed to other unit in system; Receive three moment that car speed acceleration detecting unit transmits, in conjunction with known generating laser, the receiver spacing respectively organized, calculate car speed and acceleration, and judge the running status of vehicle, carry out associated with vehicle license simultaneously; Receive the data that PM2.5 detecting unit transmits, primary Calculation goes out PM2.5 number concentration, the data that the data that recycling wind speed and direction detecting unit transmits and car speed acceleration detecting unit transmit are revised, utilize afterwards vehicle license information that licence plate detecting unit transmits and vehicle through the moment of PM2.5 check point, complete associated between PM2.5 testing result and vehicle license.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1), the present invention can monitor the real time status of unidirectional or two-way multi-lane pavement Vehicle Driving Cycle, PM2.5 number concentration, speed, acceleration and license plate number in the tail gas while only having a car to travel on multilane in the Obtaining Accurate short time;
(2), " light extinction method " used in the present invention utilizes the actual concentration that weakens to be finally inversed by PM2.5 of transmission luminous energy, it is a kind of contactless measuring method, be different from traditional gravimetric method and current popular beta rays method, micro-oscillating balance method, in measuring process, do not need to carry out gas sampling by cutter.Light extinction method can, in the situation that interfere with vehicles does not normally travel, by the tail gas of transmission vehicular discharge, complete PM2.5 remote sensing survey;
(3), in order to coordinate long-time unmanned need of work, by adding calibrating gas absorption cell and supporting the displacement platform method of Long-distance Control to realize standard sample gas calibration robotization.In addition, be that system adds Internet Transmission interface, and the system framework that completes network enabled transmission builds, system is had and support the function that the wired or wireless telemetry data transmission of plug-in type is set up;
(4), adopt delamination software system architecture scheme, the function that need to complete according to real system and hardware syndeton are divided into whole software systems: hardware articulamentum, background process layer and foreground contact bed.Wherein hardware articulamentum is for encapsulating the various peripheral hardwares that are connected with main frame, comprises the connected mode, data communications method of equipment, concrete communication instruction and data acquisition etc.; Background process is responsible for the processing of data and the realization of various functions, and backstage itself is complete system, can be together with various device independent operating; Foreground contact bed mainly provides the demonstration of human-computer interaction interface and various data, and foreground itself does not complete concrete function, while needing by completing with backstage interactive interfacing;
(5), be the wire/radio network access of telemetry equipment, in telemetry equipment software architecture, increase data channel registration management module, support plug-in type assembly to load, realize the customization of the functions such as data transmissions, data demonstration, Long-distance Control and export.Meanwhile, for heterogeneous networks access way designs different data transmission modules, with integrated with data transfer platform.When work, telemetry equipment configures the different algoritic module of automatic loading according to self, thereby realizes the self-adaptation of the device network system integration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cell schematics of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention; Wherein, 1 is road conditions detecting unit, and 2 is wind speed and direction detecting unit, and 3 is car speed acceleration detecting unit, and 4 is licence plate detecting unit, and 5 is PM2.5 detecting unit plate;
Fig. 2 is that the road conditions of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention detect schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is car speed, the acceleration detecting unit schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the PM2.5 detecting unit schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is laser circuit control block diagram;
Fig. 6 is laser circuit figure;
Fig. 7 is that motor vehicle changes schematic diagram through each line strength before and after PM2.5 check point;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below technical scheme that just multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention is taked be described further:
As shown in Figure 1, multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention, is comprised of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit etc.
1. road conditions detecting unit is comprised of road conditions video camera, video detector.
Road conditions video camera can be a video camera or digital camera, be arranged on road top, be divided into two groups, respectively vehicle heading is taken to the two-way traveling state of vehicle in track, select suitable installation site, angle or increase number of cameras, the pavement image in each track can be photographed, and guarantee that two vehicle heading photographs regions are identical with the distance of PM2.5 check point.Road conditions video camera is installed rain shield, if desired, in monitoring at night, also light compensating lamp can be installed.Road conditions video camera is connected with video detector, and the image that it can be obtained is delivered to video detector and processed.
Video detector comprises a treatment facility, can be an industrial computer or other processor.Video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, processes, and realizes the communication with data processing unit with control unit system.
As shown in Figure 2, video detector is tri-sections of A, B, C by each driveway partition in every two field picture of road conditions video camera, and every segment length is a vehicle commander (middle-size and small-size vehicle), about 4-5 rice.While getting without vehicle process, pavement image, as the background of gray scale comparison, can change the gray-scale value of this region on photographic images when having vehicle through surveyed area.By detecting the variation of gray scale in A, B on each track, C region, determine in each region, whether there is vehicle.The in the situation that on both direction, video camera shooting area being consistent and nearer with PM2.5 check point distance, only ought only have the a-quadrant in a track in a direction to have car, and the B in any track of any direction, C region are during without car, meet in the short time and will only have a car through the condition of PM2.5 check point.
Video detector is passed to control module and data processing unit by road conditions result of determination by wireless mode.
2. licence plate detecting unit is comprised of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module.
Licence plate video camera can be video camera or digital camera, is installed on the The Cloud Terrace of track one side.Two licence plate video cameras vehicle on both direction is the licence plate of taking vehicle by PM2.5 check point, and licence plate video camera is connected with capure card.Video capture is positioned in a treatment facility, can be an industrial computer or other processor.Under " work " state, the image that capure card transmits licence plate video camera is captured, and obtains licence plate picture.License plate identification software in the treated equipment of licence plate picture, changes into license plate number, with licence plate shooting time, passes to control module and data processing unit together by wireless mode.Under " preparation " state, capure card and license plate identification software temporarily quit work.
3. the timer that car speed, acceleration detecting unit are trigger source by three groups of laser generators, receivers, the receiver signal of take etc. forms.
Employing Infrared laser emission pipe and corresponding infrared laser receiver form the measurement mechanism in three groups of parallel tracks, as shown in Figure 3.31,32,33 is Infrared laser emission pipe, and 34,35,36 is infrared laser receiver, and three groups of light paths are with the strict parallel and vertical vehicle heading of interval L1, L2.
Timer is by chip microcontroller.When " work " state, timer continues to monitor the negative edge signal of three receivers.The moment of recording receiver 36,35,34 negative edges appearance is T1, T2, T3.By wired or wireless mode, pass to control module and data processing unit, complete the calculating of car speed and acceleration.Wherein:
Choose T3 as Measuring Time, associated for license board information.
4. the air velocity transducer in wind speed and direction detecting unit is directly connected with the treatment facility at data processing unit place with control module with wind transducer, and the wind speed and direction detecting (with the angle form with PM2.5 detection light path) data are directly detected the correction of data for PM2.5 by data processing unit.
5.PM2.5 detecting unit is comprised of multi-wavelength light beam transmitting terminal, receiving end and data acquisition unit etc., as shown in Figure 4.
Multiwavelength laser transmitter is by the laser constitution of a plurality of different wave lengths, common finished product laser instrument cannot brightness adjusting on the market, and feedback not, cannot be lightness stabilized, so the present invention only adopts laser diode and collective optics on the market, and control circuit is completed by oneself.Because the laser diode kind that can buy is on the market limited, consider demand of the present invention, therefore adopt near-infrared laser, red laser, green laser, blue laser.Owing to there is no green laser diode, need to modulate with near infrared light.The light path of a plurality of laser instruments is side by side abreast through track, and corresponding each laser instrument has one to take the receiving end that photoelectric cell is photo-electric conversion element.
Because photronic linear zone is narrower, and instrument and equipment needs after placing to guarantee that the light intensity of generating laser is moderate, prevents from entering photronic saturation region when detecting.And being chosen in after instrument places of light intensity completed automatically by terminal control.In order to guarantee the stability of light intensity, only adopt Current Negative Three-Point Capacitance obviously not all right, must add light intensity negative feedback, to realize the stable of voltage-controlled light intensity and light intensity.The present invention does not use too complicated control mode, only adopts the two closed loop deep negative feedbacks of electric current loop-light intensity ring to be effective.Its control block diagram as shown in Figure 5.A wherein
1, A
2for enlargement factor, trend towards infinity, F
1, F
2for feedback factor, K is electric current-light intensity coefficient.Owing to having adopted deep negative feedback, thus the input/output relation of each ring only by feedback factor, determined, as long as feedback factor is stable, just can realize good control effect.The pass of input voltage and light intensity is 1/F
1.
When circuit is realized, because the open-loop gain of operational amplifier is very large, so electric current loop can be realized with voltage-controlled current source, light intensity ring can be realized by voltage controlled voltage source.Circuit diagram as shown in Figure 6.
6. control and data processing unit comprise a treatment facility that is placed on roadside, can be industrial computer or other processors that configuration is higher, have a plurality of communication interfaces, and communication mode can be wireless or wired mode.
Control and the testing result of data processing unit reception road condition monitoring unit to road conditions, judge the duty of current system, and this is sent to other unit of system in control signal mode.
Incident intensity, the transmitted light intensity data of 4 groups of different wave length spectral lines that control and data processing unit reception PM2.5 detecting unit transmit, utilize light extinction method measuring principle and optimization method, draw particle size distribution function and unit volume endoparticle sum in tail gas, then integration summation draws PM2.5 number concentration.From light extinction method principle:
Wherein, I is transmitted intensity, I
0for incident intensity, N is unit volume endoparticle sum, and L is light path, and a, b are particle size lower limit and the upper limit, and N (D) is that the size distribution function of the granule number meter of introducing (can be rewritten as two-parameter function
), D is particle diameter, k
ext(λ, D, m) (λ is transmitted light wavelength, and m is particle refractive index, k for extinction coefficient
extby suitable approximate formula, asked for).
Utilize optimization method to realize
in function, biparametric is asked for:
By solving optimization problem formula (2), obtain
by formula (1), obtain unit volume endoparticle sum N, integration is sued for peace to such an extent that PM2.5 number concentration is
if error allows, can ask PM2.5 mass concentration to be
wherein ρ is particle density, but has larger error.Line strength changes as shown in Figure 7.
Control module and data processing unit through wind speed and direction data correction, draw final PM2.5 concentration testing result by the PM2.5 number concentration calculating.Spectral measurement is constantly taken and constantly compared with licence plate, PM2.5 testing result is associated with to the license plate number of corresponding vehicle.Complete associated good with corresponding car plate with acceleration detection result of car speed simultaneously.Final according to the running status of vehicle and tail gas PM2.5 concentration detected value, filter out the larger vehicle of surrounding air PM2.5 contribution.
In multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention, each unit relative position is as Fig. 8.61a, 61b are road conditions video camera, detect traveling state of vehicle on two-way road.62a, 62b are licence plate video camera, take the licence plate through PM2.5 check point vehicle.63a, 63b, 63c are respectively three groups of infrared laser generators, receivers and realize the single-chip microcomputer of clocking capability.64 is wind speed and direction pick-up unit.65a is multi-wavelength light beam transmitting terminal, and 65b is the receiving end of corresponding multi-wavelength light beam, and the two forms PM2.5 and detects main body.66 for realizing the treatment facility of the collections of control and data processing unit and other part cell datas, processing unit.
Claims (2)
1. a multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, it is characterized in that, by road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit, formed, wherein
Described road conditions detecting unit is comprised of road conditions video camera, video detector, road conditions video camera is arranged on road top, be divided into two groups, respectively travel direction is taken to the two-way traveling state of vehicle in track, video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, judge whether to meet and only have at short notice a car by the condition of PM2.5 check point, and result is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described licence plate detecting unit is comprised of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module, licence plate video camera is divided into two groups, be arranged on both sides, track, take by the licence plate of the dual-way vehicle of PM2.5 check point, capure card is captured processing to the photographic images of licence plate video camera, license plate identification module filters out a frame that comprises car plate complete image information from the multiple image of capturing, and carries out license plate identification, and the license plate information of obtaining is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described car speed acceleration detecting unit is mainly by three groups of laser generators, receiver, and take the timer that receiver signal is trigger source and form, three groups of laser generators are placed in track one side in interval at a certain distance, Emission Lasers level is worn and is penetrated track, be arranged in track opposite side three receivers any one receive light intensity negative edge signal, can carry out zero clearing and time data storage operation by triggering timing device, control module and data processing unit are by three moment that obtain car speed acceleration detecting unit and obtain, calculate according to this car speed and acceleration,
Described wind speed and direction detecting unit is mainly comprised of air velocity transducer and wind transducer, and two installation of sensors, near PM2.5 detecting unit, obtain the wind speed and direction data on monitoring track, and pass to control module and data processing unit;
Described PM2.5 detecting unit is mainly comprised of multiwavelength laser transmitter, receiver and data acquisition unit, the LASER Light Source of purple light, green glow, ruddiness and near infrared light keeps constant light intensity under light intensity closed-loop control, the light beam sending is processed through converging with parallelization, horizontal transmission track, after track opposite side converges transmitted light, receiver detects each wave band light intensity, data acquisition unit gathers, analyzes, optimizes, stores the data of receiver, and passes to control module and data processing unit;
Described control module, testing result according to the road conditions detecting unit receiving to road conditions, carry out choosing of whole system duty, and send corresponding control signal to each detecting unit according to current system duty, data processing unit is processed the data that each detecting unit transmits, and completes the calculating of car speed acceleration, the calculating of PM2.5 concentration, correction and optimization.
2. multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: realized the remote measurement to quick, the real-time PM2.5 concentration of multilane motor vehicle, and PM2.5 concentration detected value is revised and optimized by detecting transport condition and the wind speed and direction of vehicle, filter out the larger vehicle of environment PM2.5 contribution simultaneously.
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