CN103630474B - Multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device - Google Patents
Multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, be made up of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit etc.The present invention can detect the real time status that unidirectional or two-way multi-lane pavement vehicle travels, and when multilane only has a car to travel, can detect the concentration of PM2.5 in the license plate number of vehicle, speed, acceleration and tail gas at short notice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, belong to technical field of environmental detection and photoelectric detection technology field.Be specifically related to optics, mathematics, photoelectric detecting technology, image processing techniques, technology of instrument and meter, sensor Data Fusion, multi-point technology, computer software technology, Machine Manufacturing Technology, sensor technology etc.
Background technology
Motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 telemetering device can complete tail gas PM2.5 Concentration Testing under normal vehicle operation state, be a kind of based on light extinction method without the need to sampling, contactless, PM2.5 pick-up unit real-time.Trace oscillating balance method and β attenuation sensors are the PM2.5 monitoring methods of current main flow, the two all needs to sample to surrounding air and cut, PM2.5 is deposited on filter membrane, measurement PM2.5 concentration direct or indirect again, although measure accurately, but measuring period is long, and equipment is huge, is difficult to the remote measurement being applied to motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 concentration.Have Related product that PM2.5 is sucked closed region, create the environment of desirable shortage interference, measurement data is comparatively accurate, but cost is higher and measuring period is long.Compare above method, this patent is the PM2.5 detection method based on light extinction method, be applicable to the remote measurement of a large amount of motor vehicles PM2.5 concentration real-time fast, its principle is simple, instrument cost is low, measurement range is wide, measuring speed is fast, the change of light intensity before and after the tested air of light beam transmission only needing to measure different wave length, relatively accurate PM2.5 number concentration can be obtained through data analysis, in certain error allowed band, PM2.5 mass concentration can be converted to again.The present invention has two difficult points, when first track flow is larger, when not affecting normal vehicle operation, detecting and filtering out the vehicle that exceeds standard fast; It two is detect in physical environment, disturbs extremely many, how interference is all added data analysis, and obtain relatively accurate PM2.5 concentration value, particularly crucial.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the difficult problem solving motor-vehicle tail-gas PM2.5 remote measurement, filter out vehicle larger to surrounding air PM2.5 contribution of concentration on track.The measurement means of like product has 2 deficiencies, and one is comparatively strict to environmental requirement, can not have too many interference, and common practices sucks in an obturator by the gas containing PM2.5, measures under an ideal environment; Two is that measuring period is longer.Maximum feature of the present invention is exactly that measuring speed is fast, and testing process does not impact the traveling of vehicle, detects so the gas containing PM2.5 can not be sucked in obturator.And when vehicle flowrate is larger, if each measuring intervals of TIME is very short, longer measuring period obviously can not adapt to this road conditions, so the present invention is intended to solve an as above difficult problem.
Multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention to solve the problem adopt technical scheme be achieved in that
A kind of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, it is characterized in that, be made up of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit, wherein
Described road conditions detecting unit is made up of road conditions video camera, video detector, road conditions video camera is arranged on above road, be divided into two groups, traveling state of vehicle two-way to travel direction shooting track respectively, video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, judge whether to meet and only have a car at short notice by the condition of PM2.5 check point, and result is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described licence plate detecting unit is made up of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module, licence plate video camera is divided into two groups, be arranged on both sides, track, take the licence plate by the dual-way vehicle of PM2.5 check point, the shooting image of capure card to licence plate video camera carries out candid photograph process, license plate identification module filters out the frame comprising car plate complete image information from the multiple image captured, and carries out license plate identification, the license plate information of acquisition is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described car speed acceleration detecting unit is primarily of three groups of laser generators, receiver, and form with the timer that receiver signal is trigger source, three groups of laser generators are placed in side, track in interval at a certain distance, Emission Lasers level is worn and is penetrated track, be arranged in track opposite side three receivers any one receive light intensity negative edge signal, namely can carry out clearing and time data and store and operate by triggered timer, three moment that control module and data processing unit will obtain car speed acceleration detecting unit and obtain, calculate car speed and acceleration according to this,
Described wind speed and direction detecting unit is primarily of air velocity transducer and wind transducer composition, and two sensors are arranged near PM2.5 detecting unit, obtains the wind speed and direction data on monitoring track, and passes to control module and data processing unit;
Described PM2.5 detecting unit forms primarily of multiwavelength laser transmitter, receiver and data acquisition unit, the LASER Light Source of purple light, green glow, ruddiness and near infrared light keeps constant light intensity under light intensity closed-loop control, the light beam sent is through converging and parallelization process, horizontal transmission track, after track opposite side converges transmitted light, receiver detects each wave band light intensity, the data of data acquisition unit to receiver gather, analyze, optimize, store, and pass to control module and data processing unit;
Described control module, according to the road conditions detecting unit received to the testing result of road conditions, carry out choosing of whole system duty, and send corresponding control signal to each detecting unit according to current system duty, the data that each detecting unit of data processing unit process transmits, complete the calculating of car speed acceleration, PM2.5 concentration calculating, revise with optimization.
Further, achieve the remote measurement to quick, the real-time PM2.5 concentration of multilane motor vehicle, and carry out revising to PM2.5 Concentration Testing value by detecting the transport condition of vehicle and wind speed and direction and optimize, filter out the vehicle larger to environment PM2.5 contribution simultaneously.
Principle of the present invention is:
Multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, is made up of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit.
Road conditions detecting unit obtains current traffic information, and data are passed to control module and data processing unit, by analyzing current road conditions to determine the duty of whole system.If road conditions meet in the short time condition that a car may be only had by PM2.5 check point, then control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system be in " work " state; If may not have vehicle in the short time or have many cars simultaneously by monitoring point, then control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system keep " preparation " state.
Licence plate detecting unit, under " work " state, is captured the licence plate through PM2.5 check point vehicle, after license plate identification, vehicle license information and vehicle is passed to control module and data processing unit through the moment of monitoring point; Under " preparation " state, licence plate detecting unit will quit work.
The generating laser of car speed acceleration detecting unit and receiver maintenance work, under " work " state, when timer record vehicle passes through, three receivers receive the moment of light intensity negative edge signal respectively, and these three moment are passed to control module and data processing unit; Under " preparation " state, timer stops the monitoring to receiver signal.
Air velocity transducer in wind speed and direction detecting unit and wind transducer maintenance work, only when under " work " state, pass to control module and data processing unit by Monitoring Data.
Multiwavelength laser transmitter and receiver maintenance work in PM2.5 detecting unit, only when under " work " state, data acquisition unit starts the change of monitoring each wavelength laser light intensity continuously, and the sampled value in a period of time is passed to control module and data processing unit in real time.
Control module and data processing unit receive the traffic information that road conditions detecting unit transmits, and the control signal of duty are passed to other unit in system; Receive three moment that car speed acceleration detecting unit transmits, in conjunction with known each group of generating laser, receiver spacing, calculate car speed and acceleration, and judge the running status of vehicle, associate with vehicle license simultaneously; Receive the data that PM2.5 detecting unit transmits, primary Calculation goes out PM2.5 number concentration, the data that recycling wind speed and direction detecting unit transmits and the data that car speed acceleration detecting unit transmits are revised, the vehicle license information utilizing licence plate detecting unit to transmit afterwards and vehicle, through the moment of PM2.5 check point, complete PM2.5 testing result and associating between vehicle license.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1), the present invention can monitor the real time status that unidirectional or two-way multi-lane pavement vehicle travels, PM2.5 number concentration, speed, acceleration and license plate number in tail gas when multilane only having in the Obtaining Accurate short time car to travel;
(2), " light extinction method " used in the present invention utilizes the actual concentration weakening to be finally inversed by PM2.5 of transmission luminous energy, it is a kind of contactless measuring method, be different from traditional gravimetric method and beta rays method popular at present, micro-oscillating balance method, do not need in measuring process to carry out gas sampling by cutter.Light extinction method when interfere with vehicles does not normally travel, by the tail gas of transmission vehicular discharge, can complete PM2.5 remote sensing survey;
(3), in order to coordinate long-time unmanned need of work, by adding standard gas adsorption pond and supporting that the displacement platform method of Long-distance Control realizes standard sample gas calibration robotization.In addition, for system adds network transport interface, and the system framework completing network enabled transmission is built, and system is had and supports the function that the wired or wireless telemetry data transmission of plug-in type is set up;
(4), adopt delamination software system architecture scheme, whole software systems are divided into by the function needed according to real system and hardware connection structure: hardware connect layer, background process layer and foreground contact bed.Wherein hardware connect layer is for encapsulating the various peripheral hardwares be connected with main frame, comprises the connected mode of equipment, data communications method, concrete communication instruction and data acquisition etc.; Background process is responsible for the process of data and the realization of various function, and backstage itself is complete system, can together with various equipment independent operating; Foreground contact bed mainly provides the display of human-computer interaction interface and various data, and foreground itself does not complete concrete function, by completing alternately with back office interface when needing;
(5), for completing the wire/radio network access of telemetry equipment, in telemetry equipment software architecture, increase data channel registration management module, support that plug-in type assembly loads, the customization realizing the functions such as data transmission, data display, Long-distance Control exports.Meanwhile, for heterogeneous networks access way designs different data transmission modules, with integrated with data transfer platform.Operationally, the algoritic module that telemetry equipment is different according to self configuration automatic loading, thus realize the self-adaptation of the device network system integration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cell schematics of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention; Wherein, 1 is road conditions detecting unit, and 2 is wind speed and direction detecting unit, and 3 is car speed acceleration detecting unit, and 4 is licence plate detecting unit, and 5 is PM2.5 detecting unit plate;
Fig. 2 is that the road conditions of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention detect schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is car speed, the acceleration detecting unit schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the PM2.5 detecting unit schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is laser circuit control block diagram;
Fig. 6 is laser circuit figure;
Fig. 7 is motor vehicle each line strength change schematic diagram before and after PM2.5 check point;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention.
Embodiment
The technical scheme that just multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention is taked below is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention, is made up of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit etc.
1. road conditions detecting unit is made up of road conditions video camera, video detector.
Road conditions video camera can be a video camera or digital camera, be arranged on above road, be divided into two groups, traveling state of vehicle two-way to vehicle heading shooting track respectively, select suitable installation site, angle or increase number of cameras, the pavement image in each track can be photographed, and ensure that two vehicle heading photographs regions are identical with the distance of PM2.5 check point.Road conditions video camera installs rain shield, if desired in monitoring at night, also can install light compensating lamp.Road conditions video camera is connected with video detector, the image that it obtains can be delivered to video detector process.
Video detector comprises a treatment facility, can be an industrial computer or other processor.Video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, processes, and realizes the communication with control unit style and data processing unit.
As shown in Figure 2, each driveway partition in every two field picture of road conditions video camera is A, B, C tri-sections by video detector, and every segment length is a vehicle commander (middle-size and small-size vehicle), about 4-5 rice.Get without vehicle through time the pavement image background that compares as gray scale, the gray-scale value of this region on shooting image can be changed when there being vehicle through surveyed area.By detecting the change of gray scale in A, B, C region on each track, determine whether have vehicle in each region.In the two directions video camera shooting area and PM2.5 check point distance consistent and nearer when, only when only having the a-quadrant in a track on a direction to have car, and B, C region in any track of any direction without car time, then meet in the short time condition that will a car only had through PM2.5 check point.
Road conditions result of determination is wirelessly passed to control module and data processing unit by video detector.
2. licence plate detecting unit is made up of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module.
Licence plate video camera can be video camera or digital camera, is installed on the The Cloud Terrace of side, track.Two licence plate video cameras in the two directions vehicle are the licence plate of shooting vehicle by PM2.5 check point, and licence plate video camera is connected with capure card.Video capture is positioned in a treatment facility, can be an industrial computer or other processor.Under " work " state, capure card is captured the image that licence plate video camera transmits, and obtains licence plate picture.License plate identification software in the treated equipment of licence plate picture, changes into license plate number, passes to control module and data processing unit together with licence plate shooting time by wireless mode.Under " preparation " state, capure card and license plate identification software temporarily quit work.
3. car speed, acceleration detecting unit by three groups of laser generators, receiver, being trigger source with receiver signal, timer etc. forms.
Infrared laser emission pipe and corresponding infrared laser receiver is adopted to form the measurement mechanism in three groups of parallel tracks, as shown in Figure 3.31,32,33 is Infrared laser emission pipe, and 34,35,36 is infrared laser receiver, and three groups of light paths are with interval L1, L2 perfect parallelism and vertical vehicle heading.
Timer is by chip microcontroller.When " work " state, timer continues to monitor the negative edge signal of three receivers.The moment that record identifier receiver 36,35,34 negative edge occurs is T1, T2, T3.Pass to control module and data processing unit by wired or wireless mode, complete the calculating of car speed and acceleration.Wherein:
Choose T3 as Measuring Time, for the associating of license board information.
4. the air velocity transducer in wind speed and direction detecting unit is directly connected with the treatment facility of control module with data processing unit place with wind transducer, and the wind speed and direction that detects (to detect the angle form of light path with PM2.5) data are directly used for by data processing unit the correction that PM2.5 detects data.
5.PM2.5 detecting unit is made up of multi-wavelength light beam transmitting terminal, receiving end and data acquisition unit etc., as shown in Figure 4.
Multiwavelength laser transmitter is by the laser constitution of multiple different wave length, finished product laser instrument common on the market cannot regulate brightness, and does not feed back, cannot be lightness stabilized, so the present invention only adopts laser diode on the market and collective optics, and control circuit is completed by oneself.Because the laser diode kind that can buy on the market is limited, consider demand of the present invention, therefore adopt near-infrared laser, red laser, green laser, blue laser.Owing to there is no green laser diode, need to modulate with near infrared light.The light path side-by-side parallel ground of multiple laser instrument is through track, and corresponding each laser instrument, has one to take photoelectric cell as the receiving end of photo-electric conversion element.
Because photronic linear zone is narrower, and instrument and equipment places rear needs and ensures that the light intensity of generating laser is moderate, prevents from entering photronic saturation region when detecting.And the selection of light intensity is automatically completed by terminal control after instrument places.In order to ensure the stability of light intensity, only adopting Current Negative Three-Point Capacitance obviously not all right, light intensity negative feedback must be added, to realize stablizing of voltage-controlled light intensity and light intensity.The present invention does not use too complicated control mode, only adopts electric current loop-light intensity ring two close cycles profound and negative feedbck to be effective.Its control block diagram as shown in Figure 5.Wherein A
1, A
2for enlargement factor, trend towards infinity, F
1, F
2for feedback factor, K is electric current-light intensity coefficient.Owing to have employed profound and negative feedbck, so the input/output relation of each ring is only determined by feedback factor, as long as feedback factor is stablized, just good control effects can be realized.The pass of input voltage and light intensity is 1/F
1.
When circuit realiration, because the open-loop gain of operational amplifier is very large, so electric current loop can realize with voltage-controlled current source, light intensity ring can be realized by voltage controlled voltage source.Circuit diagram as shown in Figure 6.
6. control and data processing unit comprise the treatment facility that is placed on roadside, and can be a higher industrial computer of configuration or other processors, have multiple communication interface, communication mode can be wireless or wired mode.
Control and data processing unit receive road condition monitoring unit to the testing result of road conditions, judge the duty of current system, and this is sent to other unit of system in control signal mode.
Control and data processing unit receive incident intensity, the transmitted light intensity data of 4 groups of different wave length spectral lines that PM2.5 detecting unit transmits, utilize light extinction method measuring principle and optimization method, draw particle size distribution function and unit volume endoparticle sum in tail gas, then integration summation draws PM2.5 number concentration.From light extinction method principle:
Wherein, I is transmitted intensity, I
0for incident intensity, N is unit volume endoparticle sum, and L is light path, and a, b are particle size lower limit and the upper limit, and N (D) is that the size distribution function of the particle number basis introduced (can be rewritten as two-parameter function
), D is particle diameter, k
ext(λ, D, m) (λ is transmitted light wavelength, and m is particle refractive index, k for extinction coefficient
extasked for by suitable approximate formula).
Optimization method is utilized to realize
in function, biparametric is asked for:
By solving optimization problem formula (2), obtain
obtain unit volume endoparticle sum N by formula (1), integration is sued for peace PM2.5 number concentration is
if error allows, PM2.5 mass concentration can be asked to be
wherein ρ is particle density, but there is comparatively big error.Line strength change as shown in Figure 7.
The PM2.5 number concentration that calculates through wind speed and direction data correction, is drawn final PM2.5 Concentration Testing result by control module and data processing unit.Take the moment to spectral measurement moment and licence plate to compare, PM2.5 testing result is associated with the license plate number of corresponding vehicle.Complete car speed and acceleration detection result and good the associating of corresponding car plate simultaneously.Finally according to running status and the tail gas PM2.5 Concentration Testing value of vehicle, filter out and larger vehicle is contributed to surrounding air PM2.5.
In multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device of the present invention, each unit relative position is as Fig. 8.61a, 61b are road conditions video camera, detect traveling state of vehicle on two-way road.62a, 62b are licence plate video camera, take the licence plate through PM2.5 check point vehicle.63a, 63b, 63c are respectively three groups of infrared laser generators, receivers and realize the single-chip microcomputer of clocking capability.64 is wind speed and direction pick-up unit.65a is multi-wavelength light beam transmitting terminal, and 65b is the receiving end of corresponding multi-wavelength light beam, and the two forms PM2.5 and detects main body.66 for realizing the treatment facility of control and data processing unit and other unit data sampling and processing unit.
Claims (1)
1. a multi-lane motor vehicle tail gas PM2.5 telemetering device, it is characterized in that, be made up of road conditions detecting unit, licence plate detecting unit, car speed acceleration detecting unit, wind speed and direction detecting unit, PM2.5 detecting unit, control module and data processing unit, wherein
Described road conditions detecting unit is made up of road conditions video camera, video detector, road conditions video camera is arranged on above road, be divided into two groups, traveling state of vehicle two-way to travel direction shooting track respectively, video detector receives the image from road conditions video camera, judge whether to meet and only have a car at short notice by the condition of PM2.5 check point, and result is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described licence plate detecting unit is made up of licence plate video camera, capure card, license plate identification module, licence plate video camera is divided into two groups, be arranged on both sides, track, take the licence plate by the dual-way vehicle of PM2.5 check point, the shooting image of capure card to licence plate video camera carries out candid photograph process, license plate identification module filters out the frame comprising car plate complete image information from the multiple image captured, and carries out license plate identification, the license plate information of acquisition is passed to control module and data processing unit;
Described car speed acceleration detecting unit is primarily of three groups of laser generators, receiver, and form with the timer that receiver signal is trigger source, three groups of laser generators are placed in side, track in interval at a certain distance, Emission Lasers level is worn and is penetrated track, be arranged in track opposite side three receivers any one receive light intensity negative edge signal, namely can carry out clearing and time data and store and operate by triggered timer, three moment that control module and data processing unit will obtain car speed acceleration detecting unit and obtain, calculate car speed and acceleration according to this,
Described wind speed and direction detecting unit is primarily of air velocity transducer and wind transducer composition, and two sensors are arranged near PM2.5 detecting unit, obtains the wind speed and direction data on monitoring track, and passes to control module and data processing unit;
Described PM2.5 detecting unit forms primarily of multiwavelength laser transmitter, receiver and data acquisition unit, the LASER Light Source of purple light, green glow, ruddiness and near infrared light keeps constant light intensity under light intensity closed-loop control, the light beam sent is through converging and parallelization process, horizontal transmission track, after track opposite side converges transmitted light, receiver detects each wave band light intensity, the data of data acquisition unit to receiver gather, analyze, optimize, store, and pass to control module and data processing unit;
Described control module, according to the road conditions detecting unit received to the testing result of road conditions, carry out choosing of whole system duty, and send corresponding control signal to each detecting unit according to current system duty, the data that each detecting unit of data processing unit process transmits, complete the calculating of car speed acceleration, PM2.5 concentration calculating, revise with optimization;
Road conditions detecting unit obtains current traffic information, and data are passed to control module and data processing unit, by analyzing current road conditions to determine the duty of whole system, if road conditions meet in the short time condition that a car may be only had by PM2.5 check point, then control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system be in " work " state; If may not have vehicle in the short time or have many cars simultaneously by monitoring point, then control module sends steering order to each unit, makes whole system keep " preparation " state;
Licence plate detecting unit, under " work " state, is captured the licence plate through PM2.5 check point vehicle, after license plate identification, vehicle license information and vehicle is passed to control module and data processing unit through the moment of monitoring point; Under " preparation " state, licence plate detecting unit will quit work;
The generating laser of car speed acceleration detecting unit and receiver maintenance work, under " work " state, when timer record vehicle passes through, three receivers receive the moment of light intensity negative edge signal respectively, and these three moment are passed to control module and data processing unit; Under " preparation " state, timer stops the monitoring to receiver signal;
Air velocity transducer in wind speed and direction detecting unit and wind transducer maintenance work, only when under " work " state, pass to control module and data processing unit by Monitoring Data;
Multiwavelength laser transmitter and receiver maintenance work in PM2.5 detecting unit, only when under " work " state, data acquisition unit starts the change of monitoring each wavelength laser light intensity continuously, and the sampled value in a period of time is passed to control module and data processing unit in real time;
Control module and data processing unit receive the traffic information that road conditions detecting unit transmits, and the control signal of duty are passed to other unit in system; Receive three moment that car speed acceleration detecting unit transmits, in conjunction with known each group of generating laser, receiver spacing, calculate car speed and acceleration, and judge the running status of vehicle, associate with vehicle license simultaneously; Receive the data that PM2.5 detecting unit transmits, primary Calculation goes out PM2.5 number concentration, the data that recycling wind speed and direction detecting unit transmits and the data that car speed acceleration detecting unit transmits are revised, the vehicle license information utilizing licence plate detecting unit to transmit afterwards and vehicle, through the moment of PM2.5 check point, complete PM2.5 testing result and associating between vehicle license.
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