CN103597688B - 二次电池的过电流保护装置、保护方法及其电池组 - Google Patents

二次电池的过电流保护装置、保护方法及其电池组 Download PDF

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CN103597688B
CN103597688B CN201280028765.5A CN201280028765A CN103597688B CN 103597688 B CN103597688 B CN 103597688B CN 201280028765 A CN201280028765 A CN 201280028765A CN 103597688 B CN103597688 B CN 103597688B
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auxiliary relay
current
relay
battery module
limiting resistor
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白胜文
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Abstract

二次电池的过电流保护装置包括主继电器、与主继电器并联连接的辅助继电器、与辅助继电器串联连接的限流电阻器以及用于检测过电流并且保护电池模块的控制器。在发电机对电池模块再充电的正常的状态下，控制器接通主继电器并且断开辅助继电器。当检测到过电流时，控制器接通辅助继电器并且断开主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过限流电阻器。

Description

二次电池的过电流保护装置、保护方法及其电池组
本申请要求于2011年8月4日提交的韩国专利申请No.10-2011-0077766的优先权的权益，其全部内容通过引用整体合并在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及二次电池，特别涉及二次电池的过电流保护装置、保护方法以及电池组。
背景技术
诸如摄像机、移动电话或者便携式PC的移动设备的广泛使用提高了作为驱动电源的二次电池的采用。由于每单位重量的高能量密度和快速再充电性能，与包括现有的Pb电池、Ni-Ca电池、Ni-H电池或者Ni-Zn电池的其它类型相比，基于锂的二次电池引起更多的关注。
不同于不具有再充电性能的原电池，二次电池能够被再充电或者放电。在各种应用的预期中，已经对二次电池致力于大量的研究努力。除了别的之外，基于锂的二次电池呈现较高的操作电压和每单位能量密度。
这样的基于锂的二次电池能够被分类成锂离子电池和锂离子聚合体电池。前者类型采用液体电解液，而后者采用固体聚合体电解液。取决于固体聚合体电解液的类型，锂离子聚合体电池能够被分离成不具有电解液液体的全固体式和具有少量的液体电解液的凝胶聚合体式。
在过电压或者过电流状态下，二次电池不能够确保稳定性，因此尝试各种办法来检测和避免这样的不利情形。
韩国专利申请公开No.2005-72276公开了一种“用于终端的过电压和过电流防止电路”，其通过二极管和比较电路屏蔽过电流。
韩国专利公开No.2011-54965公开了一种“单芯片电池保护设备”，其使用LDMOS（横向扩散金属氧化物半导体）以实现电源断开电路。
通常，被用于电动车辆的二次电池需要提供范围从100A至300A的高电流。因此，存在对于防止高容量二次电池因过电流而受损坏的需求。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明提供一种使用多个继电器的二次电池的过电流保护装置。
本发明也提供一种使用多个继电器的二次电池的过电流保护方法。
本发明也提供一种使用多个继电器的使用过电流保护装置的电池组。
技术解决方案
在一个方面，一种二次电池的过电流保护装置包括：主继电器，该主继电器被配置成主导地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接；辅助继电器，该辅助继电器被配置成辅助地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接，该辅助继电器与主继电器并联连接；限流电阻器，该限流电阻器与辅助继电器串联连接；以及控制器。该控制器被配置成：检测过电流并且保护电池模块；在发电机对电池模块再充电的正常状态下，接通主继电器并且断开辅助继电器；以及当检测到过电流时，接通辅助继电器并且断开主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过限流电阻器。
当在辅助继电器接通之后的预定时间期间检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，控制器可以被配置成断开辅助继电器。
限流电阻器可以具有变化的电阻。
限流电阻器的电阻范围可以从10Ω到100Ω。
电池模块可以包括多个二次电池单元（cell），并且其中电池模块的容量范围可以从100A到300A。
在另一方面，一种二次电池的过电流保护方法，包括：在发电机对电池模块再充电的正常的状态下，主导地接通主继电器并且辅助地断开辅助继电器，其中主继电器主导地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接，并且辅助继电器辅助地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接；检测在电池模块和发电机之间的过电流；以及当检测到过电流时，接通辅助继电器并且然后断开主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过限流电阻器。
在又一方面，一种电池组包括具有多个二次电池单元的电池模块和电池管理模块，该电池管理模块被配置成监视电池模块的再充电状态并且保护电池模块免受因过电流的损坏。电池管理模块包括：主继电器，该主继电器被配置成主导地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接；辅助继电器，该辅助继电器被配置成辅助地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接，辅助继电器与主继电器并联连接；限流电阻器，该限流电阻器与辅助继电器串联连接；以及控制器。控制器被配置成：检测过电流并且保护电池模块；在发电机对电池模块再充电的正常状态下，接通主继电器并且断开辅助继电器；以及当检测到过电流时，接通辅助继电器并且断开主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过限流电阻器。
有益效果
当检测到过电流时，能够顺序地减小电流的幅度，从而防止电力由于临时过电流而被完全地屏蔽。
附图说明
图1是图示根据本发明的实施例的电动车辆的框图。
图2是图示根据本发明的实施例的过电流保护装置的框图。
图3是图示根据本发明的实施例的过电流保护方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
电动车辆指的是包括一个或者多个电动机来提供驱动力的汽车。驱动力从诸如可再充电电池和/或燃料电池的电源中获得。电动车辆可以是包括内燃机作为另一个驱动源的混合动力汽车。
图1是的图示根据本发明的实施例的电动车辆的框图。
电动车辆100包括电池组110、ECU（电子控制单元）120、发电机130以及电动机140。
电池组110被用作用于驱动电动车辆100的电气可再充电电源。电池组110将驱动力提供给对应于负载的电动机140，并且当电动机140和/或内燃机（未示出）运转时，其可以通过发电机130被再充电。电池组110可以具有范围从100A到300A的容量。
电池组110包括含有多个二次电池单元的电池模块112和用于监视电池模块112的再充电状态的电池管理模块114。电池管理模块114可以包括防止电池模块112由于过电流的任何损坏的过电流保护装置（图2的200）。
ECU120是控制电动车辆100的状态的电子控制装置。
当电动机140和/或内燃机运转时，发电机130对电池组110再充电。
图2是图示根据本发明的实施例的过电流保护装置的框图。
过电流保护装置200包括主继电器210、辅助继电器220、限流电阻230以及控制器240。
主继电器210主导地接通/断开电池模块112和发电机130和/或电动机140之间的连接。辅助继电器220辅助地接通/断开电池模块112和发电机130和/或电动机140之间的连接。如在此所使用的，术语“断开”或者“截止”指的是两个相对应的元件被彼此断开的情况，并且术语“接通”或“导通”指的是两个相对应的元件被连接的情况。
限流电阻230与辅助继电器220串联连接。辅助继电器220和限流电阻230与主继电器210并联连接。例如，当主继电器210断开并且辅助继电器220接通时，电流流过辅助继电器220和限流电阻器230。
限流电阻器230可以根据情况而变化。
限流电阻器230可以具有在10Ω和100Ω之间的电阻。
电流传感器290测量在电池模块112和发电机130和/或电动机140之间流动的电流。电流传感器290可以是电池组110的部分或者可以被设置在电池组110的外面。
控制器240基于测量到的电流检测是否有过电流发生，并且当检测到过电流时，保护电池模块112免受过电流。
当发电机130对电池模块112再充电或者电池模块112运转电动机140时，在正常电流流动的正常状态下，控制器240接通主继电器210并且断开辅助继电器220。
当检测到过电流时，控制器240接通辅助继电器220并且然后断开主继电器210。因此，通过限流电阻器230限制的电流流动。例如，限流电阻230减小流过辅助继电器220的电流。
当在辅助继电器220接通之后的预定的时间期间检测到具有预定值或者更大值的电流时，控制器240也断开辅助继电器220以屏蔽流进电池模块112的电流。
当检测到过电流时，控制器240通过限流电阻器230减小电流的幅度。当即使在预定的时间之后仍没有减小电流，则控制器240完全地屏蔽流入电池模块112的电流。因此，即使当检测到过电流时，在预定的时间期间被减小的电流可以继续流动，而不完全断开电池模块112。
根据实施例，可以包括附加的辅助继电器。为了解释说明目的，辅助继电器220被称为第一辅助继电器，并且限流电阻器230被称为第一限流电阻器。第二辅助继电器和第二限流电阻器可以与第一辅助继电器和第一限流电阻器并联连接。当检测到过电流时，辅助继电器被顺序接通以顺序地减小电流。
虽然图2图示过电流保护装置200是电池组110的部分，但是过电流保护装置200可以被独立地设置在电池组110的外面。ECU120可以起到过电流保护装置200的控制器240的作用。
图3是图示根据本发明的实施例的过电流保护方法的流程图。此方法可以通过在图2中图示的过电流保护装置200来执行。
在正常的状态下，主继电器接通，并且辅助继电器断开（S310）。在正常的状态下，发动机对电池模块再充电，或者当通过电池模块运转电动机时，正常的电流流动。
控制器检测在电池模块和发电机/电动机之间的过电流（S320）。
当检测到过电流时，控制器接通辅助继电器并且然后断开主继电器（S330）。通过限流电阻器限制的电流流动。
控制器识别在辅助继电器接通之后的预定的时间期间是否检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流（S340）。
当检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，控制器断开辅助继电器（S350）。当没有检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，程序返回到正常状态。
处理器可以包括专用集成电路（ASIC）、其它芯片组、逻辑电路和/或数据处理装置。存储器可以包括只读存储器（ROM）、随机存取存储器（RAM）、闪存、存储卡、存储介质和/或其他存储装置。RF单元可以包括基带电路以处理无线电频率信号。当在软件中实现实施例时，在此描述的技术能够通过执行在此描述的功能的模块（例如过程、函数等等）来实现。模块能够被存储在存储器中并且由处理器执行。存储器能够在处理器内或者在处理器的外部实现，而在这样情况下，其经由如在本领域已知的各种装置可通信地耦合到处理器。
考虑在此处描述的示例性系统，已经参考若干流程图描述了按照公开的主题可以实现的方法。虽然为了简化目的，这些方法被示出和描述为一系列的步骤或者块，应该明白和理解，所要求的主题不受步骤或者块的次序限制，因为根据在此图示和描述的，一些步骤可能以与其它的步骤不同的次序或者同时出现。另外，本领域技术人员应该理解，在流程图中图示的步骤不是排它的，并且可以包括其它的步骤，或者可以删除在示例的流程图中的一个或多个步骤，而不影响本公开的范围。

Claims (16)

1.一种二次电池的过电流保护装置，包括：
主继电器，所述主继电器被配置成主导地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接；
第一辅助继电器，所述第一辅助继电器被配置成辅助地接通/断开所述电池模块和所述发电机之间的连接，所述第一辅助继电器与所述主继电器并联连接；
第一限流电阻器，所述第一限流电阻器与所述第一辅助继电器串联连接；
附加辅助继电器，所述附加辅助继电器与所述第一辅助继电器和所述第一限流电阻器并联连接；
附加限流电阻器，所述附加限流电阻器与所述第一辅助继电器和所述第一限流电阻器并联连接，并且与所述附加辅助继电器串联连接；
控制器，
其中，所述控制器被配置成：
检测过电流并且保护所述电池模块，
在所述发电机对所述电池模块再充电的正常状态下，接通所述主继电器并且断开所述第一辅助继电器和所述附加辅助继电器，
当检测到所述过电流时，接通所述第一辅助继电器并且断开所述主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过所述第一限流电阻器，以及
顺序地接通所述附加辅助继电器并且断开除了接通的辅助继电器之外的其余辅助继电器，使得所述受限制的电流流过与接通的辅助继电器连接的所述附加限流电阻器并且顺序地减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过电流保护装置，其中当在所述第一辅助继电器接通之后的预定时间期间检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，所述控制器被配置成屏蔽流入所述电池模块的电流。
3.根据权利要求1所述的过电流保护装置，其中所述第一限流电阻器具有变化的电阻。
4.根据权利要求1所述的过电流保护装置，其中所述第一限流电阻器的电阻范围从10Ω到100Ω。
5.根据权利要求1所述的过电流保护装置，其中所述电池模块包括多个二次电池单元，并且其中所述电池模块的容量范围从100A到300A。
6.一种二次电池的过电流保护方法，所述方法包括：
在发电机对电池模块再充电的正常状态下，主导地接通主继电器并且辅助地断开第一辅助继电器和附加辅助继电器，其中所述主继电器主导地接通/断开所述电池模块和所述发电机之间的连接，并且所述第一辅助继电器和所述附加辅助继电器辅助地接通/断开所述电池模块和所述发电机之间的连接；
检测在所述电池模块和所述发电机之间的过电流；以及
当检测到所述过电流时，接通所述第一辅助继电器并且然后断开所述主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过第一限流电阻器；
顺序地接通所述附加辅助继电器并且断开除了接通的辅助继电器之外的其余辅助继电器，使得所述受限制的电流流过与接通的辅助继电器连接的附加限流电阻器并且顺序地减小，
其中，所述第一辅助继电器和所述第一限流电阻器串联连接，所述附加辅助继电器与所述附加限流电阻器串联连接，所述附加辅助继电器与所述第一辅助继电器并联连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的过电流保护方法，进一步包括：当在所述第一辅助继电器接通之后的预定时间期间检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，屏蔽流入所述电池模块的电流。
8.根据权利要求6所述的过电流保护方法，其中所述第一辅助继电器与所述主继电器并联连接，并且其中所述第一限流电阻器与所述第一辅助继电器串联连接。
9.根据权利要求6所述的过电流保护方法，其中所述第一限流电阻器具有变化的电阻。
10.根据权利要求6所述的过电流保护方法，其中所述第一限流电阻器的电阻范围从10Ω到100Ω。
11.一种电池组，包括：
电池模块，所述电池模块包括多个二次电池单元；和
电池管理模块，所述电池管理模块被配置成监视所述电池模块的再充电状态并且保护电池模块免受因过电流的损坏，
其中，所述电池管理模块包括：
主继电器，所述主继电器被配置成主导地接通/断开电池模块和发电机之间的连接；
第一辅助继电器，所述第一辅助继电器被配置成辅助地接通/断开所述电池模块和所述发电机之间的连接，所述第一辅助继电器与所述主继电器并联连接；
第一限流电阻器，所述第一限流电阻器与所述第一辅助继电器串联连接；
附加辅助继电器，所述附加辅助继电器与所述第一辅助继电器和所述第一限流电阻器并联连接；
附加限流电阻器，所述附加限流电阻器与所述第一辅助继电器和所述第一限流电阻器并联连接，并且与所述附加辅助继电器串联连接；
控制器，
其中，所述控制器被配置成：
检测过电流并且保护所述电池模块，
在所述发电机对所述电池模块再充电的正常状态下，接通所述主继电器并且断开所述第一辅助继电器和所述附加辅助继电器，
当检测到所述过电流时，接通所述第一辅助继电器并且断开所述主继电器，以使得受限制的电流流过所述第一限流电阻器，
顺序地接通所述附加辅助继电器并且断开除了接通的辅助继电器之外的其余辅助继电器，使得所述受限制的电流流过与接通的辅助继电器连接的所述附加限流电阻器并且顺序地减小。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其中当在所述辅助继电器接通之后的预定时间期间检测到具有预定值或更大值的电流时，所述控制器被配置成屏蔽流入所述电池模块的电流。
13.根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其中所述第一限流电阻器具有变化的电阻。
14.根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其中所述第一限流电阻器的电阻范围从10Ω至100Ω。
15.根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其中所述电池模块的容量从100A到300A。
16.根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其中所述电池管理模块进一步包括：电流传感器，所述电流传感器被配置成测量在所述电池模块和所述发电机之间流动的电流。
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