CN103580246A - Lead-acid storage battery charging circuit and charger - Google Patents
Lead-acid storage battery charging circuit and charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN103580246A CN103580246A CN201310457804.XA CN201310457804A CN103580246A CN 103580246 A CN103580246 A CN 103580246A CN 201310457804 A CN201310457804 A CN 201310457804A CN 103580246 A CN103580246 A CN 103580246A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of power supply charging circuits, and provides a lead-acid storage battery charging circuit. The lead-acid storage battery charging circuit comprises an alternating current and direct current conversion unit, a regenerated signal generation unit, a charging output unit, a single-chip microcomputer control unit and a voltage and current detection unit, wherein the input of the alternating current and direct current conversion unit is connected to an alternating current electric supply, and the output of the alternating current and direct current conversion unit is connected to the charging output unit and the regenerated signal generation unit; the input of the voltage and current detection unit is connected to the charging output unit, and the output of the voltage and current detection unit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer control unit; the input of the single-chip microcomputer control unit is connected to the voltage and current detection unit, and the output of the single-chip microcomputer control unit is connected to the alternating current and direct current conversion unit and the regenerated signal generation unit; the input of the regenerated signal generation unit is connected to the alternating current and direct current conversion unit and the single-chip microcomputer control unit, and the output of the regenerated signal generation unit is connected to the charging output unit; the input of the charging output unit is connected to the alternating current and direct current conversion unit and the regenerated signal generation unit, and the output of the charging output unit is connected to a lead-acid storage battery. A lead-acid battery charger is used for charging the lead-acid storage battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power charging circuit field, relate in particular to the charging circuit of lead acid accumulator, more specifically circuit is with constant voltage, when the mode of constant current and floating charge is carried out standard charging to storage battery, the regeneration pulse signal of several megahertzes is applied to lead acid accumulator, remove obstinate lead sulfate crystallization, reach the effect of recovering performances of the lead-acid battery.
Background technology
Nowadays the electric motor car that the lead acid accumulator of take is power is countless.Lead acid accumulator utilizes electrochemistry reflection, converts electrical energy into chemical energy and store in battery during charging, during electric discharge, the chemical energy of storage is converted to electric energy altogether to external system.Be generally 5 ~ 10 years the useful life of lead acid accumulator, but in fact less than 1.5 ~ 3 years.When using lead acid accumulator, must discharge and recharge it.But it is inappropriate to charge, and use for a long time, on pole plate, produce at leisure irreversible lead sulfate crystallization, thereby cause the hydraulic performance decline of storage battery.Be formed on the thick and irreversible sulphate crystal on pole plate, the coming off of active material, electrode is bad, and the leakage of battery is to cause the performance of rechargeable battery to reduce and discarded various reasons.Wherein, the sulfuration of storage battery is modal phenomenon of the failure.The sulfation of storage battery is on pole plate, to form the very poor or dielectric film of a kind of conductivity, hinders electrochemical reaction, thereby causes the minimizing of battery capacity, the decline of electrolyte density, the reduction of charge-discharge performance.When state of cure (vulcanization) is serious, coming off of active material increases thereupon, is difficult to be returned to normal condition again.
For the problems referred to above, as removing the solution that is deposited on the sulfate on polar plate of lead acid storage battery, a kind of device that is formed on the lead sulfate film on accumulator plate that removes has been proposed in Korean Patent 10-2005-0057544.
The pulse current that the output of disclosed device has the pulse duration that is less than 1us in Korean Patent 10-2005-0057544 to be to cause conduction skin effect, thereby intensively dissolves the surface part that is deposited on the membranaceous lead sulfate on electrode.
Yet, the potential following problem of this traditional lead sulfate film apparatus for removing.Because it is comprising independent oscillator, amplifier, many unit such as waveform shaping circuit and negative pulse maker, the structure of circuit and operation are correspondingly complicated, and manufacturing cost is very high.
In Chinese patent 102273004A, proposed a kind of instrument for repairing that removes lead sulfate film, this instrument for repairing is the mode of controlling SCR, pulse current is applied on the electrode of storage battery, thereby reaches the object that removes lead sulfate.But this mode is being deposited in the low problem of power factor.When especially the Capacity Ratio of storage battery is larger, affect power network, the design of regenerated signal circuit for generating is not ideal enough, the regenerated signal applying is not had to clear and definite regulation, thereby there is no obvious repairing effect.
Summary of the invention
Therefore consider above problem, applicant has proposed the present invention.Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel lead acid battery charge circuit and the charger with improvement regeneration function.When utilizing the regenerated signal of the most significant 2～6MHz of regeneration effect to charge to storage battery, this lead acid battery charge circuit removes lead sulfate crystallization.
Another object of the present invention is to utilize this lead acid battery charge circuit and charger to carry out constant voltage to general electric vehicle accumulator, and constant current and floating charge improve charge efficiency, and succinct structure, has reduced cost.
So the present invention adopts following concrete technical scheme to realize:
A circuit, comprising: AC/DC transfer unit, regenerated signal generation unit, charging output unit, Single-chip Controlling unit and electric current and voltage detecting unit; Wherein:
This AC/DC transfer unit, input is connected in electric main, output is connected in charging output unit and regenerated signal generation unit, AC/DC transfer unit carries out the electric main of input after filter rectification, the charge power supply that converts direct current to by a PWM control DC-DC transducer is delivered to charging output unit, and works in flyback mode in this AC/DC transfer unit;
This electric current and voltage detecting unit, input is connected in charging output unit, and output is connected in Single-chip Controlling unit, magnitude of voltage and the current value of sampling charge power supply, and be transferred to Single-chip Controlling unit;
This Single-chip Controlling unit, input is connected in electric current and voltage detecting unit, output is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and regenerated signal generation unit, Single-chip Controlling unit is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charge power supply of electric current and voltage detecting unit sampling, export a voltage control signal and control the pwm control signal of AC/DC transfer unit, thereby finally control the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output, and produce a regenerated signal and control signal to regenerated signal generation unit;
This regenerated signal generation unit, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and Single-chip Controlling unit, output is connected in charging output unit, regenerated signal generation unit is according to receiving the regenerated signal control signal of being sent by Single-chip Controlling unit, the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output is carried out to resonance coupling, produce high-frequency pulse signal and be delivered to charging output unit;
This output unit that charges, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and regenerated signal generation unit, output is connected in lead acid accumulator, charging output unit produces the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output and regenerated signal generation unit after the high-frequency pulse signal stack of output, and lead acid accumulator is charged.
Wherein, this regenerated signal generation unit comprises a switching circuit and inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit, switching circuit input receives the regenerated signal control signal of the high frequency of the 2～6MHz sending Single-chip Controlling unit, produce the switch motion of high frequency, recycling inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit resonates charge power supply, produce the high-frequency pulse signal of 2～6MHz, and coupling output.
Advantageous embodiment, this regenerated signal generation unit also comprises a High frequency filter unit, for filtering high frequency clutter.
Wherein, the preferred enforcement structure of this regenerated signal generation unit is specifically: the base stage of a pnp triode is connected a diode with emitter forward, the collector electrode utmost point ground connection of this pnp triode, after this diode, be connected in series after a resistance, be connected in the grid of a field effect transistor, this field effect transistor source ground, another resistance in parallel between the grid of this field effect transistor and source electrode, a resonant capacitor in parallel between the drain electrode of this field effect transistor and source electrode, after connecting another diode, exports the drain electrode forward of this field effect transistor, one end of a filter inductance is connected in this AC/DC transfer unit output, after a resonance inductor of other end serial connection, be connected in the drain electrode of field effect transistor, and the other end of this filter inductance connects a filter capacitor to ground.
Advantageous embodiment, the output of AC/DC transfer unit is controlled respectively with 3 segmented mode output charge power supplies of constant voltage, constant current and floating charge by the voltage control signal of output in this Single-chip Controlling unit, by charging output unit, storage battery is charged.
Advantageous embodiment, also comprise that one is set and display unit, this setting and display unit input and output are connected in this Single-chip Controlling unit.
Advantageous embodiment, the voltage control signal of this Single-chip Controlling unit output is isolated by an optocoupler, then controls the pwm control signal of AC/DC transfer unit.
Advantageous embodiment, also comprise an air cooling system driver element, the input of air cooling system driver element is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and Single-chip Controlling unit, output is connected in the motor of air cooling system, air cooling system driver element comprises a switching circuit and a voltage conversion circuit, this voltage conversion circuit converts the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit input to motor driven voltage, this switching circuit is controlled the break-make of voltage conversion circuit, this Single-chip Controlling unit is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charge power supply of electric current and voltage detecting unit sampling, export the switching circuit that an air-cooled switch controlling signal controls air cooling system driver element and carry out break-make switching.
Advantageous embodiment, this charging output unit is provided with reverse-connection preventing circuit.
Advantageous embodiment, the DC-DC transducer of this AC/DC transfer unit also has other one group of voltage transformation module, to convert the low-voltage supply of direct current to, is delivered to Single-chip Controlling unit and powers.
, on it, there is lead acid battery charge circuit as above.
Lead acid battery charge circuit of the present invention and charger have improved regenerated signal and have produced circuit, utilize regeneration effect when the regenerated signal of 2-6MHz charges to lead acid accumulator the most significantly, to remove lead sulfate crystallization, thereby the performance of the storage battery that has recovered to cure, and can also prevent because of the come off discarded phenomenon of the storage battery that causes of active material, make to extend in useful life of storage battery its design period.
Lead acid battery charge circuit of the present invention and charger construction are simple, have reduced cost, have improved to the full extent charge efficiency, apply the regeneration pulse of several megahertzes simultaneously, have greatly improved the repairing performance of sulfuration storage battery.
In addition, the charging process of lead acid battery charge circuit of the present invention and charger is carried out constant voltage, and constant current and floating charge are controlled, and greatly improve charge efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit function module connection layout of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of this embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now the present invention is further described with embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Consult shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the lead acid battery charge circuit of this embodiment, the most basic function comprises: AC/DC transfer unit 100, regenerated signal generation unit 200, charging output unit 600, Single-chip Controlling unit 300 and electric current and voltage detecting unit 400; Wherein:
This AC/DC transfer unit 100, input is connected in electric main, output is connected in charging output unit and regenerated signal generation unit, AC/DC transfer unit 100 carries out the electric main of input after filter rectification, the charge power supply that converts direct current to by a PWM control DC-DC transducer is delivered to charging output unit, and works in flyback (Fly-back) mode in this AC/DC transfer unit; The flyback power supply circuit that this AC/DC transfer unit 100 adopts is a kind of common circuit that is applied in charging field, the physical circuit that Fig. 2 provides in embodiment is realized, can adopt existing other similar functional circuit structures to substitute, as the implementation of the flyback power supply circuit of publication number 103078511A, 102638183A.
In the physical circuit of this AC/DC transfer unit 100 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the electric main of input is through preliminary filtering and fuse protection, by the filter inductance E1 accessing, play a part EMC, again after rectifier bridge DB1 carries out full-wave rectification and large capacitor C 7 filtering, deliver to transformer T1, the main of ac-dc conversion unit 100 and secondaryly keep apart by transformer T1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is the semiconductor switch components and parts of carrying out switch motion, PWM chip U3(is as UC1844) realize pwm control signal output, simultaneously, this PWM chip U3(CMPEN pin) voltage control signal 301 that utilizes feedback to come regulates pwm control signal 101.This output voltage control signal 301 is to be exported by the I/O port of Single-chip Controlling unit 300 (as the RC2 pin of singlechip chip U7 in Fig. 2).Preferably, the voltage control signal 301 of these Single-chip Controlling unit 300 outputs is isolated by an optocoupler U1, inputs to PWM chip U3, thereby finally controls the pwm control signal 101 of this AC/DC transfer unit 100.
This AC/DC transfer unit 100 is by the control break of the voltage control signal 301 of Single-chip Controlling unit 300 outputs, thereby PWM chip U3 output pwm control signal 101 is controlled the switching frequency of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, thereby with 3 segmented modes of constant voltage, constant current and floating charge, exports charge power supplies respectively.Standard lead acid storage battery pool unit with 15V is charged as example explanation, before the terminal voltage of storage battery arrives 14.7V, with the charging current of 0.15C, carries out constant current charge; While having arrived 14.7V, maintain its voltage, carry out constant voltage charge; When its voltage is maintained to charging current and is decreased to 0.05C, terminal voltage is down to 13.8V, carries out the floating charge of 3 ~ 4 hours.
In addition, the DC-DC transducer of this AC/DC transfer unit 100 also has other one group of voltage transformation module, be that transformer T1 has another group coil output, and by voltage control chip U2(as 7805) and peripheral circuit, the low-voltage supply (as+5V) that converts direct current to is delivered to Single-chip Controlling unit 300 and powers.
This electric current and voltage detecting unit 400, input is connected in charging output unit 600, and output is connected in Single-chip Controlling unit 300, magnitude of voltage and the current value of sampling charge power supply, and be transferred to Single-chip Controlling unit 300.In the physical circuit of embodiment shown in Fig. 2, charging current amplification chip U8 is as in-phase amplifier, coordinate resistance R 101, R102, R103, form charging circuit and amplify sample circuit, voltage sample directly connects the potential-divider network of sampling resistor R104 and R105 to be realized.The RA0 pin of singlechip chip U7 and RA1 pin receive respectively electric current and the voltage signal of sampling.
This Single-chip Controlling unit 300, input is connected in electric current and voltage detecting unit 400, output is connected in AC/DC transfer unit 100 and regenerated signal generation unit 200, Single-chip Controlling unit 400 is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charging current of electric current and voltage detecting unit sampling 400, export a voltage control signal 301 and control the pwm control signal 101 of AC/DC transfer unit 100, thereby finally control the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit 100 outputs, and produce a regenerated signal control signal 302 to regenerated signal generation unit 200.
This regenerated signal generation unit 200, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit 100 and Single-chip Controlling unit 300, output is connected in charging output unit 600, regenerated signal generation unit 200 is according to receiving the regenerated signal control signal 302 of being sent by Single-chip Controlling unit 300, the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit 100 outputs is carried out to resonance coupling, produce high-frequency pulse signal 201 and be delivered to charging output unit 600.
Wherein, this regenerated signal generation unit 200 comprises a switching circuit and inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit, switching circuit input receives the regenerated signal control signal 302 of the high frequency of the 2～6MHz sending Single-chip Controlling unit 300, produce the switch motion of high frequency, recycling inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit resonates charge power supply, produce the high-frequency pulse signal 201 of 2～6MHz, and coupling output.Advantageous embodiment, this regenerated signal generation unit 200 also comprises a High frequency filter unit, for filtering high frequency clutter.
In the physical circuit of this regenerated signal generation unit 200 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2: the base stage of a pnp triode Q202 is connected a diode D202 with emitter forward, the collector electrode utmost point ground connection of this pnp triode Q202, after this diode D202, be connected in series after a resistance R 201, be connected in the grid of a field effect transistor Q201, this field effect transistor Q201 source ground, another resistance R 202 in parallel between the grid of this field effect transistor Q201 and source electrode, a resonant capacitor C203 in parallel between the drain electrode of this field effect transistor Q201 and source electrode, the drain electrode forward of this field effect transistor Q201 is exported after connecting another diode D201, one end of a filter inductance L201 is connected in this AC/DC transfer unit 100 outputs, after a resonance inductor L202 of other end serial connection, be connected in the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q201, and the other end of this filter inductance L201 connects a filter capacitor C202 to ground.Pnp triode Q202, by receiving from the control signal 302 of singlechip chip U7 output, controls the switch motion of field effect transistor Q201, and utilizes the resonance of resonance inductor L202 and resonance capacitor C 203, produces high-frequency pulse signal 201.This high-frequency pulse signal 201 is applied to charging output unit 600 with charging voltage by diode D201 to be come charge in batteries.
This output unit 600 that charges, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit 100 and regenerated signal generation unit 200, output is connected in lead acid accumulator (figure is for illustrating), charging output unit 600 produces the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit 100 outputs and regenerated signal after the high-frequency pulse signal stack of single 200 yuan of product outputs, and lead acid accumulator is charged.In the physical circuit of this charging output unit 600 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, on this charging output unit 600, be preferably provided with reverse-connection preventing circuit, by diode, D601 realizes.
Advantageous embodiment, the lead acid battery charge circuit of this embodiment also comprises a setting and display unit 500, this setting and display unit 500 input and output are connected in this Single-chip Controlling unit 300, by this setting and display unit 500, can practical function set and function is indicated.For example, in this setting of embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and the physical circuit of display unit 500, by button SW1, carry out function setting, LED light LED1 and LED2 are respectively the indications of blue light and ruddiness, represent different charged states, LED charactron module U5 is for showing charging voltage and charging current value.
Advantageous embodiment, the lead acid battery charge circuit of this embodiment also comprises an air cooling system driver element, 700 air cooling system driver element 700 inputs are connected in AC/DC transfer unit 100 and Single-chip Controlling unit 300, output is connected in the motor (not shown) of air cooling system, this air cooling system driver element 700 comprises a switching circuit and a voltage conversion circuit, this voltage conversion circuit (triode Q702, voltage stabilizing didoe D701 and resistance R 701, the circuit that R702 forms is realized) convert the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit 100 inputs to motor driven voltage, this switching circuit (triode Q701 realization) is controlled the break-make of voltage conversion circuit, this Single-chip Controlling unit 300 is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charge power supply of electric current and voltage detecting unit 400 samplings, export the switching circuit that an air-cooled switch controlling signal 303 controls air cooling system driver element 700 and carry out break-make switching.For example, in order to reduce to the full extent power consumption, charging current is 0.5A when above, just the signal that air cooling system driver elements 700 are controlled in conductings is controlled in these Single-chip Controlling unit 300 outputs, drives the motor rotation of air cooling system, dispels the heat.
In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of lead acid batteries charger, has lead acid battery charge circuit as above on it.
Although specifically show and introduced the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiment; but those skilled in the art should be understood that; within not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits; can make a variety of changes the present invention in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit, is characterized in that, comprising: AC/DC transfer unit, regenerated signal generation unit, charging output unit, Single-chip Controlling unit and electric current and voltage detecting unit; Wherein:
This AC/DC transfer unit, input is connected in electric main, output is connected in charging output unit and regenerated signal generation unit, AC/DC transfer unit carries out the electric main of input after filter rectification, the charge power supply that converts direct current to by a PWM control DC-DC transducer is delivered to charging output unit, and works in flyback mode in this AC/DC transfer unit;
This electric current and voltage detecting unit, input is connected in charging output unit, and output is connected in Single-chip Controlling unit, magnitude of voltage and the current value of sampling charge power supply, and be transferred to Single-chip Controlling unit;
This Single-chip Controlling unit, input is connected in electric current and voltage detecting unit, output is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and regenerated signal generation unit, Single-chip Controlling unit is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charge power supply of electric current and voltage detecting unit sampling, export a voltage control signal and control the pwm control signal of AC/DC transfer unit, thereby finally control the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output, and produce a regenerated signal and control signal to regenerated signal generation unit;
This regenerated signal generation unit, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and Single-chip Controlling unit, output is connected in charging output unit, regenerated signal generation unit is according to receiving the regenerated signal control signal of being sent by Single-chip Controlling unit, the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output is carried out to resonance coupling, produce high-frequency pulse signal and be delivered to charging output unit;
This output unit that charges, input is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and regenerated signal generation unit, output is connected in lead acid accumulator, charging output unit produces the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit output and regenerated signal generation unit after the high-frequency pulse signal stack of output, and lead acid accumulator is charged.
2. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this regenerated signal generation unit comprises a switching circuit and inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit, switching circuit input receives the regenerated signal control signal of the high frequency of the 2～6MHz sending Single-chip Controlling unit, produce the switch motion of high frequency, recycling inductance capacitance resonance coupling circuit resonates charge power supply, produce the high-frequency pulse signal of 2～6MHz, and coupling output.
3. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that: this regenerated signal generation unit also comprises a High frequency filter unit, for filtering high frequency clutter.
4. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, this regenerated signal generation unit is specifically: the base stage of a pnp triode is connected a diode with emitter forward, the collector electrode utmost point ground connection of this pnp triode, after this diode, be connected in series after a resistance, be connected in the grid of a field effect transistor, this field effect transistor source ground, another resistance in parallel between the grid of this field effect transistor and source electrode, a resonant capacitor in parallel between the drain electrode of this field effect transistor and source electrode, after connecting another diode, exports the drain electrode forward of this field effect transistor, one end of a filter inductance is connected in this AC/DC transfer unit output, after a resonance inductor of other end serial connection, be connected in the drain electrode of field effect transistor, and the other end of this filter inductance connects a filter capacitor to ground.
5. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the output of AC/DC transfer unit is controlled respectively with 3 segmented mode output charge power supplies of constant voltage, constant current and floating charge by the voltage control signal of output in this Single-chip Controlling unit, by charging output unit, storage battery is charged.
6. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: also comprise that one is set and display unit, this setting and display unit input and output are connected in this Single-chip Controlling unit.
7. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the voltage control signal of this Single-chip Controlling unit output is isolated by an optocoupler, then controls the pwm control signal of AC/DC transfer unit.
8. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise an air cooling system driver element, the input of air cooling system driver element is connected in AC/DC transfer unit and Single-chip Controlling unit, output is connected in the motor of air cooling system, air cooling system driver element comprises a switching circuit and a voltage conversion circuit, this voltage conversion circuit converts the charge power supply of AC/DC transfer unit input to motor driven voltage, this switching circuit is controlled the break-make of voltage conversion circuit, this Single-chip Controlling unit is according to the magnitude of voltage and the current value that receive the charge power supply of electric current and voltage detecting unit sampling, export the switching circuit that an air-cooled switch controlling signal controls air cooling system driver element and carry out break-make switching.
9. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: this charging output unit is provided with reverse-connection preventing circuit.
10. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle charging circuit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the DC-DC transducer of this AC/DC transfer unit also has other one group of voltage transformation module, to convert the low-voltage supply of direct current to, be delivered to Single-chip Controlling unit and power.
11. lead-acid battery of electric vehicle chargers, is characterized in that: have the arbitrary described lead acid battery charge circuit of the claims 1-10.
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| CN201310457804.XA CN103580246A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Lead-acid storage battery charging circuit and charger |
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Effective date of abandoning: 20170524 |
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