CN103762633A - Photovoltaic pulse charge transfer charge controller and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic pulse charge transfer charge controller and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103762633A CN103762633A CN201410005993.1A CN201410005993A CN103762633A CN 103762633 A CN103762633 A CN 103762633A CN 201410005993 A CN201410005993 A CN 201410005993A CN 103762633 A CN103762633 A CN 103762633A
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- charge
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- accumulator
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic pulse charge transfer charge controller and a control method thereof. The photovoltaic pulse charge transfer charge controller comprises a charge storage, a switching tube K, a controller module and voltage detection devices at the charge end of the charge storage and the charge end of a storage battery, wherein the charge storage is in parallel connection with the photovoltaic battery, an electronic power switch K is in series connection with the storage battery and then is in parallel connection with the charge storage, and a controller sends out a control signal to a switch K by detecting voltages at the two ends of the electronic power switch K so as to solve the problems of efficiency and storage battery protection of an existing photovoltaic power generation storage battery charging technique. A circuit topology is only provided with one switching tube, no inductance components are included, and accordingly the controller has the advantages of being simple in structure, high in charging efficiency and capable of making full use of photovoltaic energy, effectively limiting charging temperature rise of the storage battery and prolonging the service life of the storage battery. Based on a pulse charging technique of charge transferring, the preceding problems can be solved, and efficient and lossless charging of a lead-acid battery can be achieved on various conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic charged technical field, be specially a kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge and shift charge controller and control method thereof.
Background technology
Charge in batteries mainly contains three kinds of polarization, ohmic polarization, concentration polarization, electrochemical polarization.According to electrochemical-based present principles, know, during lead-acid battery charging, before there is gassing, its polarization is mainly the concentration polarization of electrochemical polarization and ion, and electrochemical polarization causes analysing H
2with analyse O
2, the result of concentration polarization, causes battery open circuit voltage rising, battery temperature rise (saying the temperature rise of electrode) more appropriately, charge efficiency is low and enters prematurely gassing reaction.In general, current density strengthens, and three kinds of polarization of battery all strengthen, but electrochemical polarization is to lead-acid battery metal electrode, affects not quite, and to suppressing to analyse H
2, analyse O
2gassing reaction be favourable.A rational battery charger should possess: 1) suitable large current charges density; 2) effectively eliminate and reduce concentration polarization; 3) heat that diffusion aggregation produces because of polarization on electrode effectively.
Photo-voltaic power supply has random uncontrollability, some traditional charging techniques comprise floating charge technology, constant current charge, constant voltage charge, modified constant-voltage charge technology, pressure limiting constant current charge technology, charging technique is to be all based upon on the permanent controlled basis of power supply stage by stage, if traditional technology is directly applied to photovoltaic charged technology, when intensity of illumination is not enough, the charging current of storage battery will be very little.If this state continuance is more of a specified duration, can make the particulate of internal storage battery reaction meticulous, the useful life that can reduce storage battery.
In the accumulator charging technology of existing photovoltaic generation, the problem of existence has: 1) the normal charge time is long; 2) during large current charge, battery concentration polarization is large, and battery temperature is high, and storage battery is had to damage; 3), when intensity of illumination is more weak, photovoltaic charger is difficult to storage battery effectively to charge.
Generally speaking, traditional charging technique is difficult to adapt to the characteristic of photo-voltaic power supply, and the concentration polarization in the time of cannot simple and effective removal charge in batteries guarantees that battery charging temperature rise is little.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem existing in existing charging technique, on the basis of feature that takes into full account photo-voltaic power supply, propose photovoltaic pulse electric charge and shift charge controller and control method thereof, can effectively remove concentration polarization, guarantee that battery temperature rise is little, the in the situation that of illumination deficiency, also can there is large current density charging, improve the utilization ratio of solar energy.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge shifts charge controller, it comprises charge accumulator, switching tube, controller and charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear and accumulator voltage checkout gear, and charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear is connected with controller respectively with accumulator voltage checkout gear; Wherein charge accumulator is in parallel with solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, electronic power switch is in parallel with charge accumulator again after connecting with storage battery, controller is the charged terminal voltage of charge accumulator and storage battery by detecting the voltage at electronic power switch two ends, control the break-make of electronic power switch, realize the control to charge in batteries.
Further, described electronic power switch adopts metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Further, described charge accumulator adopts capacitor.
Further, described charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear and accumulator voltage checkout gear all adopt voltage detecting circuit and A/D change-over circuit.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic pulse electric charge shifts the control method of charge controller, it is specifically: the direct current energy that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is produced by solar radiation is stored in charge accumulator, controller is controlled ON time △ T and switching frequency and the density of charging current of electronic power switch according to the state-of-charge on charge accumulator and accumulator voltage, to control particle diameter in the recovery particle flux in storage battery 10
-2mm～10
-3between mm, produce particle adhesion effect, and eliminate activation polarization and the concentration polarization producing within the △ T charging interval within the charging intermittent phase.
In above-mentioned control method, the voltage u (t) in charge accumulator reaches set point U
openit is open-minded that controller produces a high level control electronic power switch, until the voltage u (t) detecting in charge storage devices no longer reduces, controller produces a low level control electronic power switch and turn-offs, until the voltage u (t) of charge accumulator reaches set point U again
open, it is open-minded that controller produces a high level control electronic power switch, and controller cycle is controlled the break-make of electronic power switch.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages and technique effect:
1, electric charge photovoltaic cell being produced temporarily stores a charge storage devices into, and its quantity of electric charge reaction is the voltage at charge accumulator two ends, the condition of judging that by detecting the voltage at its two ends switch is opened, thus realize the control of charging.
2, circuit topology of the present invention only has a switching tube, does not contain inductor device, so this technology has simple in structurely, and charge efficiency is high, can make full use of photovoltaic energy, effectively limits the charging temperature rise of storage battery, extends the useful life of storage battery.
3, the duty that the present invention mainly adopts control charger to fill between the stopping time is recently controlled the unpolarized effect of battery, thereby suppresses temperature rise.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 photovoltaic pulse of the present invention electric charge shifts the topology apparatus figure of charge controller.
Fig. 2 photovoltaic pulse of the present invention electric charge shifts charge controller operation principle waveform schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 photovoltaic pulse of the present invention electric charge shifts a kind of practical circuit schematic diagram of charge controller.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, enforcement of the present invention is described further, but enforcement of the present invention and protection range are not limited to this.
Fig. 1 has provided the topology apparatus schematic diagram that photovoltaic pulse electric charge of the present invention shifts charge controller, first the direct current energy that solar cell produces is stored in charge accumulator 1, controller 2 is by terminal voltage checkout gear 3 and the storage battery E terminal voltage checkout gear 4 of charge accumulator 1, obtain the terminal voltage information of charge accumulator 1 and storage battery, and by control switch break-make, to control particle diameter in the recovery particle flux in storage battery 10
-2mm～10
-3between mm.Fig. 2 has provided operation principle oscillogram, as can be seen from the figure comes the voltage u (t) in charge accumulator 1 to reach set point U
open, it is open-minded that controller 2 just can produce a high level control electronic power switch, until the voltage u (t) detecting in charge storage devices no longer reduces, now voltage is U
close, controller 2 just can produce a low level control electronic power switch and turn-off, until u (t) reaches U again
open.The charging voltage that gives storage battery due to charge storage devices 1 in whole charging process is all larger, and accumulator internal resistance is little, so can access the larger density of charging current.1 charging interval of charge accumulator is denoted as △ τ in one-period, and 1 discharge time of charge accumulator is △ T, can on a △ T time, to storage battery, be filled with the electric weight of △ Q like this, and can realize storage battery has one group of diameter control 10 in charging process
-2～10
-3the particle of mm recovers on counter electrode plate, and by setting rational U
open, and the capacitance size of charge accumulator 1, set rational △ τ, a △ T, by a large amount of experiments, show that the best △ τ of lead acid accumulator, △ T coupling are (△ τ+△ T)=2～3ms when illumination is the strongest, when duty ratio is about 50%, effect is the most obvious.Photovoltaic cell is similar to and regards the current source that an electric current is I as.When switch disconnects, have the charge storage of photovoltaic cell in charge accumulator like this, now the voltage on charge accumulator is from U
closerise to U
open:
I·Δτ＝C(U
open-U
close) （1）
When switch is closed, the electric charge of charge accumulator and photovoltaic cell is all filled with in storage battery simultaneously, and now the voltage on charge accumulator is from U
opendecline and cause U
close:
I·ΔT+C(U
open-U
close)＝I
AVΔT （2）
I wherein
aV: average current between charge period, can react the density of charging current
C: charge accumulator capacitance
Therefore in order to reach the optimum Match time, and the density of charging current of expectation just can select charge accumulator capacitance C by above-mentioned formula (1), (2), and U
openreasonable value.
So just, can within the intermittent phase of certain hour △ τ, eliminate small activation polarization and the concentration polarization being produced by the △ T charging interval.In addition all conditions of opening are all that the voltage of working as charge accumulator 1 reaches set point U
open, when can guarantee illumination deficiency, also can between charge period, there is larger current density, cloudy day charging is also carried out, utilize fully solar energy.
Fig. 3 has provided practical circuit of the present invention and has shown theory diagram, adopt capacitor C as charge accumulator 1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q is as electronic power switch K, charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear and accumulator voltage checkout gear all adopt voltage detecting circuit and A/D change-over circuit, voltage detecting circuit is by the voltage at mode sampling capacitance C two ends and the voltage at battery two ends of electric resistance partial pressure, then after A/D conversion input control device; Controller can adopt existing control chip to realize (for example adopting conventional AT89 series, MCS-51 series monolithic to realize); controller control signal just can driven MOS pipe Q by drive circuit, also comprises accessory power supply and over-discharge protection circuit etc. in practical circuit.Accessory power supply is for controller is powered, and whether over-discharge protection circuit is crossed and put by detection battery tension judgement storage battery, if itself and external load are broken, plays the effect of protection storage battery.
Claims (6)
1. a photovoltaic pulse electric charge shifts charge controller, it is characterized in that comprising charge accumulator, switching tube, controller and charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear and accumulator voltage checkout gear, charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear is connected with controller respectively with accumulator voltage checkout gear; Wherein charge accumulator is in parallel with solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, electronic power switch is in parallel with charge accumulator again after connecting with storage battery, controller is the charged terminal voltage of charge accumulator and storage battery by detecting the voltage at electronic power switch two ends, control the break-make of electronic power switch, realize the control to charge in batteries.
2. a kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge according to claim 1 shifts charge controller, it is characterized in that described electronic power switch adopts metal-oxide-semiconductor.
3. a kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge according to claim 1 shifts charge controller, it is characterized in that described charge accumulator adopts capacitor.
4. a kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge according to claim 1 shifts charge controller, it is characterized in that described charge accumulator terminal voltage checkout gear and accumulator voltage checkout gear all adopt voltage detecting circuit and A/D change-over circuit.
5. for a kind of photovoltaic pulse electric charge described in claim 1～4 any one, shift the control method of charge controller, it is characterized in that: the direct current energy that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is produced by solar radiation is stored in charge accumulator, controller is controlled ON time △ T and switching frequency and the density of charging current of electronic power switch according to the state-of-charge on charge accumulator and accumulator voltage, to control particle diameter in the recovery particle flux in storage battery 10
-2mm～10
-3between mm, produce particle adhesion effect, and eliminate activation polarization and the concentration polarization producing within the △ T charging interval within the charging intermittent phase.
6. control method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the voltage u (t) in charge accumulator reaches set point U
openit is open-minded that controller produces a high level control electronic power switch, until the voltage u (t) detecting in charge storage devices no longer reduces, controller produces a low level control electronic power switch and turn-offs, until the voltage u (t) of charge accumulator reaches set point U again
open, it is open-minded that controller produces a high level control electronic power switch, and controller cycle is controlled the break-make of electronic power switch.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105375609A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏宇昊新能源科技有限公司 | Storage battery charging system of novel high efficiency photovoltaic assembly |
| CN107887957A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-06 | 四川璧虹众杰科技有限公司 | Charging circuit and charging equipment |
| CN109818568B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2021-05-07 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Series connection type turn-off system for photovoltaic module and method for restarting after turn-off |
| CN113161637A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-23 | 广西电网有限责任公司南宁供电局 | Method and system for relieving sulfation of lead-acid battery |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105375609A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏宇昊新能源科技有限公司 | Storage battery charging system of novel high efficiency photovoltaic assembly |
| CN109818568B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2021-05-07 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Series connection type turn-off system for photovoltaic module and method for restarting after turn-off |
| CN107887957A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-06 | 四川璧虹众杰科技有限公司 | Charging circuit and charging equipment |
| CN113161637A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-23 | 广西电网有限责任公司南宁供电局 | Method and system for relieving sulfation of lead-acid battery |
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Application publication date: 20140430 |