CN103579402A - 高效非微叠层太阳能电池 - Google Patents

高效非微叠层太阳能电池 Download PDF

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CN103579402A
CN103579402A CN201210278078.0A CN201210278078A CN103579402A CN 103579402 A CN103579402 A CN 103579402A CN 201210278078 A CN201210278078 A CN 201210278078A CN 103579402 A CN103579402 A CN 103579402A
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王华磊
邱骏
胡居涛
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JIANGSU WUJIN HANNENG PHOTOVOLTAIC CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效非微叠层太阳能电池，具有背电极、底电池、顶电池、透明导电层和基板；所述背电极、底电池、顶电池、透明导电层依次层叠；所述底电池为微晶硅电池，底电池具有依次层叠的底电池n层、底电池吸收层和底电池p层；所述顶电池为非晶硅电池，顶电池具有依次层叠的顶电池n层、顶电池吸收层和顶电池p层。本发明提供了一种新的太阳能电池制造方法，可以通过增加光的吸收来提高电池的转化效率，降低微晶层厚度以缩短微晶硅层的沉积时间；同时较薄的微晶硅层还有利于获得纵向具有相近晶化率和晶粒尺寸的薄膜，从而进一步提高效率。

Description

高效非微叠层太阳能电池
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域，特别涉及一种高效非微叠层太阳能电池。
背景技术
目前，叠层电池成为硅基薄膜太阳能电池发展的必然趋势，其中非微叠层电池是其中最有潜力的薄膜电池之一。然而此结构的太阳能电池与晶硅太阳能电池的转化效率仍有差距，还需进一步提高；此外，在非微叠层电池中，微晶硅薄膜的厚度一般在1.5-2μm，而沉积速率只有0.2nm左右，耗时很长；且微晶硅薄膜随着沉积厚度的增加晶化率增加、晶粒尺寸增大，从而引入较多的缺陷，不利于电池效率的提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种可以通过增加光的吸收来提高电池的转化效率，降低微晶层厚度以缩短微晶硅层的沉积时间的高效非微叠层太阳能电池。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是：一种高效非微叠层太阳能电池，具有背电极、底电池、顶电池、透明导电层和基板；所述背电极、底电池、顶电池、透明导电层依次层叠；所述底电池为微晶硅电池，底电池具有依次层叠的底电池n层、底电池吸收层和底电池p层；所述顶电池为非晶硅电池，顶电池具有依次层叠的顶电池n层、顶电池吸收层和顶电池p层。
上述技术方案所述基板为透明基板或不透明基板。
上述技术方案所述透明基板为向光面，透明基板上具有依次沉积的透明导电层、顶电池p层和顶电池吸收层；所述顶电池吸收层上具有刻蚀形成的圆柱形孔洞；所述顶电池n层、底电池p层、底电池吸收层、底电池n层和背电极依次沉积在顶电池吸收层上。
上述技术方案所述不透明基板为背光面，不透明基板上具有依次沉积的背电极、底电池n层和底电池吸收层；所述底电池吸收层上具有刻蚀形成的柱状突起；所述底电池p层、顶电池n层、顶电池吸收层、顶电池p层和透明导电层依次沉积在底电池吸收层上。
上述技术方案所述顶电池n层由磷掺杂的纳米晶SiOx:H或SiNx:H组成。
上述技术方案所述透明导电层可以是FTO或ITO或BZO或AZO或石墨烯。
上述技术方案所述不透明基板可以为不锈钢衬底。
上述技术方案所述透明基板可以为普通玻璃或钢化玻璃或超白玻璃或柔性透明基板。
本发明具有积极的效果：
(1)本发明提供了一种新的太阳能电池制造方法，可以通过增加光的吸收来提高电池的转化效率，降低微晶层厚度以缩短微晶硅层的沉积时间；同时较薄的微晶硅层还有利于获得纵向具有相近晶化率和晶粒尺寸的薄膜，从而进一步提高效率。
(2)本发明可有效增加顶电池即非晶硅电池(a-Si)对蓝光波段的吸收，从而提高顶电池的短路电流密度，进而提高电池的转化效率.
(3)本发明可有效增加底电池即微晶硅电池(μc-Si)对红光波段的吸收，从而提高底电池的短路电流密度，进而提高电池的转化效率。。
(4)本发明因吸收能力的增强，可有效降低μc-Si薄膜的厚度，从而缩短制程时间。
(5)本发明较薄的μc-Si薄膜更易于纵向晶化率和晶粒尺寸均匀性的控制，从而降低薄膜中的缺陷，有利于转化效率的提高。
(6)本发明的顶电池n层由磷掺杂的纳米晶SiOx:H或SiNx:H组成；该材料即可作为n层形成顶电池的p-i-n结，又可以作为反射层增加顶电池的光吸收。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1为本发明用于透明基板时电池结构的示意图；
图2为本发明用于透明基板时电池结构的顶电池的吸收层的俯视图；
图3为本发明用于透明基板时电池结构的顶电池的吸收层的主视图；
图4为本发明用于不透明基板时电池结构的示意图；
图5为本发明用于不透明基板时电池结构的顶电池的吸收层的俯视图；
图6为本发明用于不透明基板时电池结构的顶电池的吸收层的主视图；
图中1.背电极，2.底电池，21.底电池n层，22.底电池吸收层，23.底电池p层，24.突起，3.顶电池，31.顶电池n层，32.顶电池吸收层，33.顶电池p层，34.孔洞，4.透明导电层，5.不透明基板，6.透明基板。
具体实施方式
(实施例1)
见图1至图3，本发明具有背电极1、底电池2、顶电池3、透明导电层4和透明基板6；背电极1、底电池2、顶电池3、透明导电层4依次层叠；透明导电层4可以是FTO或ITO或BZO或AZO或石墨烯，底电池2为微晶硅电池，底电池2具有依次层叠的底电池n层21、底电池吸收层22和底电池p层23；顶电池3为非晶硅电池，顶电池3具有依次层叠的顶电池n层31、顶电池吸收层32和顶电池p层33，顶电池n层31由磷掺杂的纳米晶SiOx:H或SiNx:H组成。
透明基板6为向光面，透明基板6上具有依次沉积的透明导电层4、顶电池p层33和顶电池吸收层32；顶电池吸收层32上具有刻蚀形成的圆柱形孔洞34；顶电池n层31、底电池p层23、底电池吸收层22、底电池n层21和背电极1依次沉积在顶电池吸收层32上。
本发明的制作方法：基板为透明基板6，膜层沉积由透明导电层4开始，在透明基板6上依次沉积透明导电层4、顶电池p层33和顶电池吸收层32；然后，在顶电池吸收层32上刻蚀形成若干圆柱形孔洞34；最后，再在顶电池吸收层32上依次沉积顶电池n层31、底电池p层23、底电池吸收层22、底电池n层21和背电极1，形成基板为透明基板6的高效非微叠层太阳能电池。
(实施例2)
见图4至图6，本发明具有背电极1、底电池2、顶电池3、透明导电层4和不透明基板5；背电极1、底电池2、顶电池3、透明导电层4依次层叠；透明导电层4可以是FTO或ITO或BZO或AZO或石墨烯，底电池2为微晶硅电池，底电池2具有依次层叠的底电池n层21、底电池吸收层22和底电池p层23；顶电池3为非晶硅电池，顶电池3具有依次层叠的顶电池n层31、顶电池吸收层32和顶电池p层33，顶电池n层31由磷掺杂的纳米晶SiOx:H或SiNx:H组成。
不透明基板5为背光面，不透明基板5上具有依次沉积的背电极1、底电池n层21和底电池吸收层22；所述底电池吸收层22上具有刻蚀形成的柱状突起24；所述底电池p层23、顶电池n层31、顶电池吸收层32、顶电池p层33和透明导电层4依次沉积在底电池吸收层22上。
不透明基板5可以为不锈钢衬底。
本发明的制作方法：基板为不透明基板5，膜层沉积由背电极1开始，在不锈钢衬底上依次沉积背电极1、底电池n层21和底电池吸收层22；然后，在底电池吸收层22上刻蚀形成柱状突起24；最后，再在底电池吸收层22上依次沉积底电池p层23、顶电池n层31、顶电池吸收层32、顶电池p层33和透明导电层4。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：具有背电极（1）、底电池（2）、顶电池（3）、透明导电层（4）和基板；所述背电极（1）、底电池（2）、顶电池（3）、透明导电层（4）依次层叠；所述底电池（2）为微晶硅电池，底电池（2）具有依次层叠的底电池n层（21）、底电池吸收层（22）和底电池p层（23）；所述顶电池（3）为非晶硅电池，顶电池（3）具有依次层叠的顶电池n层（31）、顶电池吸收层（32）和顶电池p层（33）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述基板为透明基板（6）或不透明基板（5）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述透明基板（6）为向光面，透明基板（6）上具有依次沉积的透明导电层（4）、顶电池p层（33）和顶电池吸收层（32）；所述顶电池吸收层（32）上具有刻蚀形成的圆柱形孔洞（34）；所述顶电池n层（31）、底电池p层（23）、底电池吸收层（22）、底电池n层（21）和背电极（1）依次沉积在顶电池吸收层（32）上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述不透明基板（5）为背光面，不透明基板（5）上具有依次沉积的背电极（1）、底电池n层（21）和底电池吸收层（22）；所述底电池吸收层（22）上具有刻蚀形成的柱状突起（24）；所述底电池p层（23）、顶电池n层（31）、顶电池吸收层（32）、顶电池p层（33）和透明导电层（4）依次沉积在底电池吸收层（22）上。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述顶电池n层（31）由磷掺杂的纳米晶SiOx:H或SiNx:H组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述透明导电层（4）可以是FTO或ITO或BZO或AZO或石墨烯。
7.根据权利要求4所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述不透明基板（5）可以为不锈钢衬底。
8.根据权利要求3所述的高效非微叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述透明基板（6）可以为普通玻璃或钢化玻璃或超白玻璃或柔性透明基板。
CN201210278078.0A 2012-08-07 2012-08-07 高效非微叠层太阳能电池 Pending CN103579402A (zh)

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