CN103576144B - Short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus - Google Patents
Short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103576144B CN103576144B CN201210283666.3A CN201210283666A CN103576144B CN 103576144 B CN103576144 B CN 103576144B CN 201210283666 A CN201210283666 A CN 201210283666A CN 103576144 B CN103576144 B CN 103576144B
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/005—Prospecting or detecting by optical means operating with millimetre waves, e.g. measuring the black losey radiation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of short millimeter wave and exchange radiant image method and imaging device, short millimeter wave exchanges radiant image method and comprises antenna reception information, information signal radio frequency amplifies, signal demodulator, low frequency signal amplifies and gating, A/D samples, voltage-Grey imaging, the geometric correction of imagery, image energy compensates, the steps such as pseudo color image display, short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, comprise Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, scan control module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display, structure of the present invention is simple, use cost is low, and result of use is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiometers image-forming field, particularly a kind of short millimeter wave exchanges radiant image method and imaging device.
Background technology
Compare with the imaging detection of passive system with existing all kinds of active, the main difficulty of millimeter wave, submillimeter wave imaging and passive imaging is just that the millimeter wave of natural various object institute radiation, submillimeter wave energy are too faint, usually only have picowatt level even lower, and the noise of natural various interference and receiver self is far away higher than the energy of useful signal.Therefore, how from being flooded signal by noise, to detect useful information be a very large challenge.Because the natural own radiation of natural object cannot change, therefore basic method is exactly the sensitivity will making great efforts to improve receiver, such as, signal is carried out to the gain fluctuation, reduction system noise etc. of preposition low noise amplification, as far as possible reduction system itself as far as possible.
Millimeter wave radiometer exports and the system-gain uncertainty decision uncertain by system noise that rise and fall, and general the latter two orders of magnitude larger than the former, thus the passive of system-gain plays a decisive role.In general, adopt high performance microwave device and increase predetection bandwidth and the sensitivity of radiometer can be brought up to the level meeting various application request.But for the radiation of microwave short millimeter wave and scattering system, the breakthrough improvement of circuit system type is very difficult.For a long time, people adopt various way to reduce always and eliminate system-gain and rise and fall and the probabilistic impact of own ship's noise.Mainly take following method:
First, at present both at home and abroad radiation detection application be the radiometer of direct current system mostly, on the basis of total power microwave radiometer, nineteen forty-six, Dicke developed Dicke radiometer.The impact eliminating the machine gain fluctuation is counted in Dicke radiation, adopts single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microwave switch, makes receiver inlet alternately receive antenna port and reference source port.In the laggard line correlation detection of quadratic detection with subtract each other process, greatly reduce the impact of gain fluctuation, make microwave radiometer move towards practical.But this method is only when antenna temperature is equal with reference source temperature, the impact of the whole cancellation receiver gain fluctuation of ability.Other is as adopted pulse modulated constant current source switch directly modulation solid-state noise source, realizes the zero balancing working method that impulsive noise is injected, and have developed a kind of pulsed modulation constant current source switch of high stable for this reason; Adopt whole constant temperature structure, ensure that the ambient temperature-stable of radiometer is constant and only equal reference load temperature.Can eliminate like this due to the existence of front end loss and reflection and change and the measuring error caused, the absolute precision of further raising system; And because circuitry and devices function are in isoperibol, can ensure that system works is stable and reliable for performance.But its hardware system also more complicated.
Two kinds of modes are had to detect the signal of antenna reception at present, i.e. superhet and direct detection formula, superhet is more traditional structure, its radiofrequency signal may through or without amplification, but all can enter after frequency mixer is down-converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal and carry out the process such as amplification demodulator again; And signal direct detection after low noise amplifier that direct-detection receiver receives.Usual DC radiometer is in order to DC noise in the machine of offsetting, and need to adopt enlightening gram comparison expression, Periodic calibration formula or inject noise-type to obtain radiometer system, imaging system needs to increase calibration load and cold and hot noise source.And alternative radiometer utilizes AC energy to obtain the information of target, have the calibration mode of oneself uniqueness, unique image is understood and processing mode.
According to pertinent literature both domestic and external report and patent of invention, no matter which kind of receiver is at present all mainly utilize DC energy to obtain the specific information of target.And adopting alternative radiometer can obtain a kind of important form of target information as passive millimeter wave field, the existing identical target image interpretation method of exchange of information has again image interpretation and the interpretation method of oneself uniqueness compared with DC information.
DC radiometer scans or do not scan all has voltage to export, and can obtain the information of target.Alternative radiometer must could obtain the contrast information of target by scanning.After adopting high-velocity scanning alternative radiometer, the DC energy of image is by partial loss, and the sensitivity of imaging will be lower.But it is little on the relativity impact between target.From the angle of energy, although alternative radiometer have lost a part of DC energy, little on the comparative information impact between target, the position relationship between the target therefore utilizing the passive millimeter wave image of alternative radiometer system to reflect and target.In addition under the ideal conditions disregarding gain fluctuation, total power radiometer doubles than Dick's formula radiometer sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, use cost is low, and the good short millimeter wave of result of use exchanges radiant image method and imaging device.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is:
A kind of short millimeter wave exchanges radiant image method, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the short millimeter wave antenna corresponding wave band natural radiation information utilizing bigbore short millimeter wave antenna receiving target;
Step 2: utilize short millimeter wave radiofrequency low-noise amplification module the radiofrequency signal of target emanation information to be amplified;
Step 3: utilize detection module that radiofrequency signal is converted into low frequency signal;
Step 4: utilize the low amplification module of gating to select the low-frequency ac signal of target;
Step 5: utilize Peak Intensity Method to select suitable plus or minus energy voltage to carry out imaging, utilize Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling module by the analog AC signal digital of low frequency, negative voltage need utilize leads circuitry phase and is converted into positive voltage;
Step 6: be 256 grade original-gray image by the photovoltaic conversion after digitizing after imaging terminates;
Step 7: original-gray image is carried out the geometric correction of imagery according to scan mode, eliminates Scanning Distortion;
Step 8: the gray level image after correcting is carried out energy compensating according to the gray feature of different target;
Step 9: the gray level image after energy compensating is shown as pseudo color image according to gray scale-False color mapping.
A kind of short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, comprise Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, scan control module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display, wherein Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, interchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display connect successively, and scan control module is connected with Anneta module and A/D sampling module respectively; Background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into the radio-frequency information of radiofrequency low-noise amplification module after LNA is amplified and enters the detection of detection module, then send into the low amplification module of gating, obtain low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating; Then interchange image-forming module is entered into through A/D sampling module, geometry correction module is sent into after the process of interchange image-forming module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion carry out correction correction, after geometry correction resume module, send into energy compensating module carry out energy compensating, make up the technological deficiency can not distinguishing general objective, finally send into image display, the scene image of the access expansion atural object radiation of display, wherein scan control module, control antenna carries out two-dimensional scan imaging.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage:
(1) disclose and utilize this new technique measure of knowing natural environment appearance of millimeter wave alternative radiometer detection imaging, be particularly suited for realizing short millimeter band system and realize and detection.
(2) compared with common DC radiometer information, alternative radiometer information contains the physical dimension of target equally, the information such as material feature, but the form of expression of image exists different with deciphering method, utilizes interchange system can obtain Obtaining Accurate target information equally.
(3) AC energy information and DC energy information are not only had any different but also be related, it is all the important way obtaining target information, the alternative radiometer image with behavioral characteristics not only opens new information acquiring pattern, and image also has interpretation and the interpretive mode of oneself uniqueness.
(4) compared with DC radiometer image, the spatial resolution exchanging radiation image is moderate, and the worry that passenger can not be caused to expose for privacy, has higher detection destination properties and the ability of profile, have the focal plane system integration and consistance better.
(5) compared with DC radiometer imaging, the total power radiometer that imaging radiometer is a kind of high-velocity scanning is exchanged.It is put every going the DC component in machine by gating is low, utilizes AC compounent to obtain the information of target.It avoids the DC noise in machine, eliminates the synchro detection circuit of matched load and 3mm switch and complexity, has more simple circuit structure, has shorter 1-5ms integral time, and lower cost and test macro.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram that short millimeter wave of the present invention exchanges radiant image method and imaging device.
Fig. 2 is the model calling figure that short millimeter wave of the present invention exchanges radiant image method and imaging device.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that short millimeter wave of the present invention exchanges radiant image method and imaging device.
Fig. 4 is that the 3mm wave band AC and DC radiant image signal of short millimeter wave of the present invention interchange radiant image method and imaging device compares schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of short millimeter wave of the present invention exchanges radiant image method, comprises the following steps:
Step one: utilize bigbore short millimeter wave antenna receiving target corresponding wave band natural radiation information, the bore of antenna directly determines resolution, the cassette antenna of 600mm bore is adopted in the present invention, can the cassette antenna of all bores between compatible 100mm-600mm, according to the frequency range of antenna as 92-100GHz, the same frequency range information of respective objects can be received; Need to be shorter than 3mm wave band radiating antenna system, the millimeter wave being longer than 3mm wave band exchanges the more difficult requirement meeting target image resolution and signature analysis in safety inspection and environmental monitoring of imaging system images resolution, be shorter than the active radar system of 3mm wave band at present or DC radiometer system realizes all there is huge technology barrier, and alternative radiometer system the most simply, the most easily realize.
Step 2: utilize short millimeter wave radiofrequency low-noise amplification module the radiofrequency signal of target emanation information to be amplified, the working band that radiofrequency low-noise is put is 70-110GHz, and gain is greater than 50dB.
Step 3: utilize detection module that radiofrequency signal is converted into low frequency signal, the sensitivity 800W/V of detection module, can meet the requirement of system sensitivity.
Step 4: utilize the low amplification module of gating to select the low-frequency ac signal of target; The low output resistance put 1 kilo-ohm of gating, integrating capacitor is 2 microfarads, and the integral time of such system is t=2ms, and this just requires that the low band bandwidth put of gating is B=250Hz; The effect of the low amplification module of gating is the DC information component every removing target and noise, retain exchange of information component, must ensure that the integral time of the low amplification module of gating matches with sweep velocity (equal), selector switch must be utilized to intercept suitable positive and negative numerical levels and carry out interchange imaging.
Step 5: utilize Peak Intensity Method to select suitable plus or minus energy voltage to carry out imaging, utilize Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling module by the analog AC signal digital of low frequency, digitized voltage value is minimum is 0.01mV.
Step 6: judging that imaging terminates rear (as do not terminated to continue scanning imagery), adopting 256 voltage gradations-gray scale to be converted into original-gray image the information after digitizing; Exchange imaging compared with common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, exchange the similar irregular geometry differential of radiation image, irregular form parameter is determined by system impedance sum-product intergrator.
Step 7: original-gray image is carried out the geometric correction of imagery according to conical scanning mode, eliminates Scanning Distortion; In addition, exchange the geometric configuration of the similar irregular derivative characteristic of radiation image to target and change, need the full-size(d) carrying out restore target according to irregular derivative characteristic parameter; Except correcting common mechanical conical scanning distortion, the similar irregular geometry differential of original interchange radiation image, irregular form parameter is determined by system impedance sum-product intergrator, in order to ensure the geometric configuration selected roughly, needs the full-size(d) carrying out correction target according to parameter.
Step 8: the gray level image after correcting is carried out energy compensating according to the gray feature of different target; Because exchange the sampled voltage of radiation image for large area target all close to null value, need the voltage-gray-scale value redefining target according to the peak-to-average of different target, to distinguish different targets; Interchange radiant image is adopted to need to carry out energy compensating, compare than common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, exchange radiation image identical for the test of point target, image for step target is completely different, very a galvanic current is flat for the DC information of general objective, target this DC level different is usually different, and the general objective of alternative radiometer be all one close to the noise level of 0 volt, at this moment need to utilize the peak point of the two ends target energy compensating that carries out as a reference point to distinguish different large area targets.
Step 9: the gray level image after energy compensating is shown as pseudo color image according to gray scale-False color mapping.Energy compensating, compares than common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, and exchange radiation image identical for the test of point target, the test for step target is obviously different, at this moment needs to utilize that the peak point of two ends target is as a reference point carries out energy compensating.Image display be the image of alternative radiometer, close to the radiation of target true nature.
As shown in Figure 4:
DC radiometer scans or do not scan all has voltage to export, and can obtain the information of target, and alternative radiometer must could obtain the contrast information of target by relative motion.After adopting alternative radiometer, the DC energy of image is by partial loss, and the sensitivity of imaging will be lower.But it is little on the relativity impact between target.
Embodiment 1: the Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic test experiments of prohibited items:
PC and single-chip microcomputer is utilized to carry out scan control and imaging, in monolithic processor controlled image scanning process, within an interrupt cycle, 3mm wave band antenna is utilized to receive the natural radiation information of human body clothing (and concealing article), detection module is amplified into through radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, then by the gate action of the low amplification module of gating, produce a voltage signal, this voltage signal becomes digitized signal after A/D sampling, corresponding gray shade scale is determined according to the amplitude of voltage signal, produce an original image, original image is (as concealing the shape of annulus) after geometry correction, compensate through DC energy again, colors as different in large area in image represents region, colouration value method is finally utilized to create a secondary pseudo color image, Matlab system colour can also be utilized to produce the contraband goods simulation safety check image of gray scale-pseudo-colours.
Embodiment 2: the Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic test experiments of scene:
PC and single-chip microcomputer is utilized to carry out scan control and imaging, in monolithic processor controlled image scanning process, within an interrupt cycle, 3mm wave band antenna is utilized to receive the natural radiation information of scene (ground object target), detection module is amplified into through radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, then by the gate action of the low amplification module of gating, produce a voltage signal, this voltage signal becomes digitized signal after A/D sampling, corresponding gray shade scale is determined according to the amplitude of voltage signal, produce an original image, original image is (as rectangle and circle shape target) after geometry correction, compensate through DC energy again, colors as different in large area in image represents region, Matlab system colour is finally utilized to produce the playground image of gray scale-pseudo-colours.
As shown in Figure 2: a kind of short millimeter wave of the present invention exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, comprise Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, scan control module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display, wherein Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display connects successively, scan control module is connected with Anneta module and A/D sampling module respectively, background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into the radio-frequency information of radiofrequency low-noise amplification module after LNA is amplified and enters the detection of detection module, then send into the low amplification module of gating, obtain low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating, then interchange image-forming module is entered into through A/D sampling module, geometry correction module is sent into after the process of interchange image-forming module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion carry out correction correction, after geometry correction resume module, send into energy compensating module carry out energy compensating, make up the technological deficiency can not distinguishing general objective, finally send into image display, the scene image of the access expansion atural object radiation of display, wherein scan control module, control antenna carries out two-dimensional scan imaging.
As shown in Figure 3: the vertical step motor 1 that the present invention controls vertical direction is positioned at its Counter weight metal block 2 left and right sides horizontally rotating framework 5, vertical rotary framework 16 is placed antenna and radiometer 4, the phase line of the signal wire of radiometer 4 and power lead and stepper motor opens crossed beam trunking 6 through the inwall horizontally rotating framework 5, feathering axis 7 again through hollow enters into reduction chamber, the pulpit of lower one deck is entered through spatial clapboard, wherein reduction chamber is built with horizontal step motor 9 and worm reduction box 8, pulpit is built with drive unit 10, D.C. regulated power supply 11 and single chip control module 12, power lead is connected to power socket 13, signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface 14 and carries out data processing and imaging, whole device is arranged on supporting bracket 15, wherein, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating is comprised in radiometer 4, comprise A/D sampling module, scan control module in single chip control module 12, comprise in the computing machine that signal wire is connected by signal wire interface 14 and exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display.
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figure 3, the millimeter-wave radiation imaging device key dimension of AC energy system and technical parameter as follows: height 1.8m, weight is less than 50kg, floor area 0.2m
2; Areas imaging 180oX90o(wherein horizontally rotates and can expand to 360o according to actual needs), except power socket and SMA signal seat, whole system is without open-wire line, and each several part imaging function module is all positioned at integral structure.System and syndeton as follows: the vertical step motor 1 and its Counter weight metal block 2 that control vertical direction are positioned at the left and right sides horizontally rotating framework 5, vertical rotary framework 16 is placed can the Cassegrain antenna 3 of bore and radiometer 4 within compatible 600mm, the phase line of the signal wire of radiometer 4 and power lead and stepper motor opens crossed beam trunking 6 through the inwall horizontally rotating framework 5, again through the feathering axis 7 of hollow enter into reduction chamber wherein reduction chamber built with horizontal step motor 9 and worm reduction box 8, pulpit is built with drive unit 10, D.C. regulated power supply 11 and single chip control module 12, power lead is connected to power socket 13, SMA signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface 14 and carries out data processing and imaging, whole device is arranged on supporting bracket 15.
Wherein, vertical step motor 1 and horizontal step motor 9, be the stepper motor that volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, noise is low.Crossed beam trunking 6 in device, the power lead that radiometer 4 is needed and the six roots of sensation phase line of signal wire and vertical step motor 1 are all by the metal framework fluting hiding, close and the feathering axis 7 of hollow, through the connection panel of reduction chamber and pulpit, carry out Power supply, scan control and data transmission.This design without open-wire line greatly reduces winding and the electromagnetic screen of scanning system.
Be different from traditional DC radiometer imaging, exchange the total power radiometer that imaging radiometer is a kind of high-velocity scanning.It is put every going the DC component in machine by gating is low, utilizes AC compounent to obtain the information of target.It avoids the DC noise in machine, eliminate the synchro detection circuit of matched load and 3mm switch and complexity, there is more simple circuit structure, there is shorter 1-5ms integral time, and lower cost and test macro, be especially easy to the millimeter-wave systems realizing being shorter than 3mm.The safety check at the place such as airport, customs, harbour can provide a kind of new technical method.Passive millimeter wave imaging technique itself does not launch any electromagnetic wave, therefore be safe to human body, in addition because millimeter wave has certain penetrability to clothing, carton, leather etc., therefore can exchange imaging radiometer with millimeter wave and detect the object of concealment under clothing.
The radiometers image-forming method exchanging system is especially applicable to the application of short millimeter wave wave band, and this wave band is initiatively current and the development of passive millimeter wave detector also exists huge technology barrier.The present invention proposes a kind of imaging processing and deciphering method of short millimeter wave radiation image, exchanges system imaging provide theoretical premise and technical foundation for expanding further with large-scale application millimeter wave.
A kind of short millimeter wave radiation imaging method of the present invention, first with radar, infrared and DC radiometer is the same, it is a kind of method of detection of a target characteristic, the mode of imaging can be utilized to obtain the information of target, owing to having ability to work all-time anf all-weather, be better than infrared and optical detection system, again due to not emitting electromagnetic wave, so have again higher disguise and security, compared with DC radiometer, have and be simple and easy to integrated structure, lower cost, test macro easily, for short millimeter and submillimeter wave wave band, preferential easy implementation on possessing skills than the radar of identical wave band and radiometer.
Claims (1)
1. a short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, scan control module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display, wherein Anneta module, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display connects successively, scan control module is connected with Anneta module and A/D sampling module respectively, background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, and the radio-frequency information after radiofrequency low-noise amplification module amplifies enters the detection of detection module, then sends into the low amplification module of gating, obtains low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating, then interchange image-forming module is entered into through A/D sampling module, geometry correction module is sent into after the process of interchange image-forming module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion carry out correction correction, after geometry correction resume module, send into energy compensating module carry out energy compensating, make up the technological deficiency can not distinguishing general objective, finally send into image display, the scene image of the access expansion atural object radiation of display, wherein scan control module, control antenna carries out two-dimensional scan imaging,
The vertical step motor (1) and its Counter weight metal block (2) that control vertical direction are positioned at the left and right sides horizontally rotating framework (5), vertical rotary framework (16) is placed antenna (3) and radiometer (4), the phase line of the signal wire of radiometer (4) and power lead and vertical step motor (1) opens crossed beam trunking (6) through the inwall horizontally rotating framework (5), feathering axis (7) again through hollow enters into reduction chamber, the pulpit of lower one deck is entered through spatial clapboard, wherein reduction chamber is built with horizontal step motor (9) and worm reduction box (8), pulpit is built with drive unit (10), D.C. regulated power supply (11) and single chip control module (12), power lead is connected to power socket (13), signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface (14) and carries out data processing and imaging, whole device is arranged on supporting bracket (15), wherein, radiofrequency low-noise amplification module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating is comprised in radiometer (4), comprise A/D sampling module, scan control module in single chip control module (12), comprise in the computing machine that signal wire is connected by signal wire interface (14) and exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display.
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| CN109490879B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-07-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for preventing millimeter wave modeling imaging |
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