CN202794516U - Short millimeter wave AC radiation imaging device - Google Patents

Short millimeter wave AC radiation imaging device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202794516U
CN202794516U CN 201220395214 CN201220395214U CN202794516U CN 202794516 U CN202794516 U CN 202794516U CN 201220395214 CN201220395214 CN 201220395214 CN 201220395214 U CN201220395214 U CN 201220395214U CN 202794516 U CN202794516 U CN 202794516U
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China
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module
image
radiometer
gating
millimeter wave
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CN 201220395214
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Inventor
张光锋
娄国伟
李跃华
李兴国
朱莉
王虹
王琪
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a short millimeter wave AC radiation imaging device comprising an antenna module, a radio frequency low noise amplifier module, a demodulation module, a gating low noise amplifier module, an A/D sampling module, a scanning control module, an AC imaging module, a geometric correction module, an energy compensation module, and an image display module. The antenna module, the radio frequency low noise amplifier module, the demodulation module, the gating low noise amplifier module, the A/D sampling module, the AC imaging module, the geometric correction module, the energy compensation module, and the image display module are connected together sequentially. The scanning control module is respectively connected with the antenna module and the A/D sampling module. The short millimeter wave AC radiation imaging device has advantages of simple structure, low use costs, and good use effect.

Description

Short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the radiometers image-forming field, and particularly a kind of short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus.
Background technology
Compare with the imaging detection of existing all kinds of actives and passive system, the main difficulty of millimeter wave, submillimeter wave imaging and passive imaging just is that millimeter wave, the submillimeter wave energy of natural various object institute radiation is too faint, usually only have picowatt level even lower, and the noise of natural various interference and receiver self is higher than the energy of useful signal far away.Therefore, how to detect useful information the signal be a very large challenge from being flooded by noise.Because the natural own radiation of natural object can't change, therefore basic method is exactly the sensitivity that will make great efforts to improve receiver, for example signal is carried out preposition low noise amplification, reduces the gain fluctuation, reduction system noise etc. of system itself as far as possible as far as possible.
Millimeter wave radiometer output rises and falls uncertain by system noise and the uncertain decision of system-gain, and the general latter is than the former large two orders of magnitude, thereby the passive of system-gain plays a decisive role.In general, adopt high performance microwave device and increase predetection bandwidth the sensitivity of radiometer can be brought up to the level that satisfies various application request.But for the short millimeter-wave radiation of microwave and scattering system, the breakthrough improvement of circuit system type is very difficult.For a long time, people adopt various ways to reduce always and eliminate system-gain and rise and fall and the probabilistic impact of own ship's noise.Mainly take following method:
At first, radiation detection application both at home and abroad is the radiometer of direct current system mostly at present, and on the basis of total power microwave radiometer, nineteen forty-six Dicke develops the Dicke radiometer.The impact of eliminating the machine gain fluctuation is counted in the Dicke radiation, adopts the single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microwave switch, makes receiver inlet alternately receive antenna port and reference source port.In the laggard line correlation detection of quadratic detection with subtract each other processing, greatly reduced the impact of gain fluctuation, make microwave radiometer move towards practical.But only when antenna temperature equated with the reference source temperature, ability is the impact of cancellation receiver gain fluctuations all for this method.Other realizes the zero balancing working method that impulsive noise is injected as adopting pulse modulated constant current source switch directly to modulate solid-state noise source, and has developed a kind of pulsed modulation constant current source switch of high stable for this reason; Adopt the whole constant temperature structure, guarantee that the environment temperature of radiometer is stablized the constant reference load temperature that only equals.Can eliminate like this measuring error that existence and variation owing to front end loss and reflection cause, further improve the absolute precision of system; And because circuitry and device work in the isoperibol, can guarantee that system works is stable and reliable for performance.But its hardware system is more complicated also.
There is at present dual mode to detect the signal of antenna reception, be superhet and direct detection formula, superhet is more traditional structure, its radiofrequency signal may through or without amplification, be down-converted to processing such as carrying out again amplification demodulator after the intermediate-freuqncy signal but all can enter frequency mixer; And the signal that direct-detection receiver receives is through direct detection behind the low noise amplifier.Usually DC radiometer needs to adopt enlightening gram comparison expression, cycle calibration formula or injects noise-type to get the radiometer system for dc noise in the counteracting machine, and imaging system need to increase calibration load and cold and hot noise source.And alternative radiometer utilizes AC energy to obtain the information of target, and own unique calibration mode is arranged, and unique image is understood and processing mode.
According to pertinent literature both domestic and external report and patent of invention, which kind of receiver no matter all is to utilize dc energy to obtain the specific information of target mainly at present.And adopt alternative radiometer to can be used as a kind of important form that the passive millimeter wave field obtains target information, compare the existing identical target image interpretation method of exchange of information with DC information and have again own unique image interpretation and interpretation method.
DC radiometer scans still not scan all Voltage-output, can obtain the information of target.Alternative radiometer must just can obtain by scanning the contrast information of target.After adopting the high-velocity scanning alternative radiometer, the dc energy of image is with partial loss, and the sensitivity of imaging will be lower.But little on the impact of the relativity between the target.From the angle of energy, little on the comparative information between target impact although alternative radiometer has lost a part of dc energy, therefore utilize target that the passive millimeter wave image of alternative radiometer system can reflect and the position relationship between the target.Disregarding under the ideal conditions of gain fluctuation in addition, total power radiometer doubles than Dick's formula radiometer sensitivity.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model be to provide a kind of simple in structure, use cost is low, and the good short millimeter wave of result of use exchanges radiation imaging apparatus.
The technical solution that realizes the utility model purpose is:
A kind of short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, comprise Anneta module, radio frequency LNA module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, scan control module, exchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display, wherein Anneta module, radio frequency LNA module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating, A/D sampling module, interchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display connect successively, and the scan control module is connected with the A/D sampling module with Anneta module respectively; Background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into the radio-frequency information of radio frequency LNA module after LNA is amplified and enters the detection of detection module, sends into the low amplification module of gating again, obtains low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating; Then enter into the interchange image-forming module through the A/D sampling module, after exchanging the image-forming module processing, send into the geometry correction module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion and proofread and correct correction, after the geometry correction resume module, send into the energy compensating module and carry out energy compensating, remedy the technological deficiency that to distinguish general objective, send at last image display, the scene image near the natural feature on a map radiation of demonstration, scan control module wherein, control antenna carries out the two-dimensional scan imaging.
The utility model compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage:
(1) disclosed and utilized this new technique measure of knowing natural environment appearance of millimeter wave alternative radiometer detection imaging, be particularly suited for realizing that the short millimeter band system realizes and surveys.
(2) compare with common DC radiometer information, alternative radiometer information has comprised the physical dimension of target equally, the information such as material feature, but the form of expression of image is different with the deciphering method existence, utilizes the interchange system can obtain the Obtaining Accurate target information equally.
(3) AC energy information and dc energy information are not only had any different but also be related, it all is the important way of obtaining target information, alternative radiometer image with behavioral characteristics has not only been opened up new acquisition of information mode, and image also has own unique interpretation and interpretive mode.
(4) compare with the DC radiometer image, the spatial resolution that exchanges radiation image is moderate, can not cause that the passenger for the worry that privacy exposes, has higher detection destination properties and the ability of profile, has better the focal plane system integration and consistance.
(5) compare with the DC radiometer imaging, exchanging imaging radiometer is a kind of total power radiometer of high-velocity scanning.It utilizes AC compounent to obtain the information of target by the low DC component of putting in removing machine of gating.It has avoided the dc noise in the machine, has saved matched load and 3mm switch and complicated synchro detection circuit, has more simple circuit structure, has shorter 1-5ms integral time, and lower cost and test macro.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of work process flow diagram that the short millimeter wave of the utility model exchanges radiation imaging apparatus.
Fig. 2 is the module connection layout that the short millimeter wave of the utility model exchanges radiation imaging apparatus.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the short millimeter wave of the utility model exchanges radiation imaging apparatus.
Fig. 4 is that the 3mm wave band AC and DC radiant image signal of the short millimeter wave interchange of the utility model radiation imaging apparatus compares synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2: a kind of short millimeter wave of the utility model exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, comprise Anneta module, radio frequency LNA module, the detection module, gating hangs down amplification module, the A/D sampling module, the scan control module, exchange image-forming module, the geometry correction module, the energy compensating module, image display, Anneta module wherein, radio frequency LNA module, the detection module, gating hangs down amplification module, the A/D sampling module, exchange image-forming module, the geometry correction module, the energy compensating module, image display connects successively, and the scan control module is connected with the A/D sampling module with Anneta module respectively; Background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into the radio-frequency information of radio frequency LNA module after LNA is amplified and enters the detection of detection module, sends into the low amplification module of gating again, obtains low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating; Then enter into the interchange image-forming module through the A/D sampling module, after exchanging the image-forming module processing, send into the geometry correction module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion and proofread and correct correction, after the geometry correction resume module, send into the energy compensating module and carry out energy compensating, remedy the technological deficiency that to distinguish general objective, send at last image display, the scene image near the natural feature on a map radiation of demonstration, scan control module wherein, control antenna carries out the two-dimensional scan imaging.
As shown in Figure 3: the vertical stepper motor 1 of the utility model control vertical direction and its counterweight derby 2 are positioned at the left and right sides that horizontally rotates framework 5, place antenna and radiometer 4 at vertical rotary framework 16, the phase line of the signal wire of radiometer 4 and power lead and stepper motor is opened crossed beam trunking 6 through the inwall that horizontally rotates framework 5, feathering axis 7 through hollow enters into reduction chamber again, enter the pulpit of lower one deck through spatial clapboard, horizontal stepper motor 9 and worm reduction box 8 wherein are housed in the reduction chamber, drive unit 10 is housed in the pulpit, D.C. regulated power supply 11 and single chip control module 12, power lead is connected to power socket 13, signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface 14 and carries out data processing and imaging, and whole device is installed on the supporting bracket 15; Wherein, comprise radio frequency LNA module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating in the radiometer 4, comprise A/D sampling module, scan control module in the single chip control module 12, comprise interchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display in the computing machine of signal wire by signal wire interface 14 connections.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 3, millimeter-wave radiation imaging device key dimension and the technical parameter of AC energy system are as follows: height 1.8m, weight is less than 50kg, floor area 0.2m 2Areas imaging 180oX90 o(wherein horizontally rotates and can expand to according to actual needs 360o), except power socket and SMA signal seat, whole system is without open-wire line, and each several part imaging function module all is positioned at integral structure.System is as follows with syndeton: the vertical stepper motor 1 of control vertical direction and its counterweight derby 2 are positioned at the left and right sides that horizontally rotates framework 5, vertical rotary framework 16 place can compatible 600mm within Cassegrain antenna 3 and the radiometer 4 of bore, the phase line of the signal wire of radiometer 4 and power lead and stepper motor is opened crossed beam trunking 6 through the inwall that horizontally rotates framework 5, the feathering axis 7 of process hollow enters into reduction chamber and wherein in the reduction chamber horizontal stepper motor 9 and worm reduction box 8 is housed again, drive unit 10 is housed in the pulpit, D.C. regulated power supply 11 and single chip control module 12, power lead is connected to power socket 13, the SMA signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface 14 and carries out data processing and imaging, and whole device is installed on the supporting bracket 15.
Wherein, vertical stepper motor 1 and horizontal stepper motor 9 are the stepper motor that volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, noise is low.Crossed beam trunking 6 in the device, so that the six roots of sensation phase line of the power lead that radiometer 4 needs and signal wire and vertical stepper motor 1 is all slotted by the metal framework of hiding, sealing and the feathering axis 7 of hollow, pass reduction chamber and be connected the connection panel with the pulpit, carry out Power supply, scan control and data and transmit.This design without open-wire line greatly reduces winding and the electromagnetic screen of scanning system.
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of principle of work of lacking millimeter wave interchange radiation imaging apparatus of the utility model may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: utilize the corresponding wave band natural radiation of bigbore short millimeter wave antenna receiving target information, the bore of antenna has directly determined resolution, adopt the cassette antenna of 600mm bore in the utility model, the cassette antenna of all bores between can compatible 100mm-600mm, according to frequency range such as the 92-100GHz of antenna, can receive the same frequency range information of respective objects; Need to be shorter than 3mm wave band radiating antenna system, the millimeter wave of being longer than the 3mm wave band exchanges the difficult requirement of satisfying target image resolution and signature analysis in safety inspection and the environmental monitoring of imaging system imaging resolution, be shorter than at present the active radar system of 3mm wave band or DC radiometer system and realize all having huge technology barrier, and the alternative radiometer system is the simplest, the easiest realization.
Step 2: utilize short mm wave RF LNA module that the radiofrequency signal of target emanation information is amplified, the working band of radio frequency LNA is 70-110GHz, and gain is greater than 50dB.
Step 3: utilize the detection module that radiofrequency signal is converted into low frequency signal, the sensitivity 800W/V of detection module can satisfy the requirement of system sensitivity.
Step 4: utilize the low amplification module of gating to select the low-frequency ac signal of target; 1 kilo-ohm of the low output resistance of putting of gating, integrating capacitor is 2 microfarads, and be t=2ms the integral time of system like this, and this is B=250Hz with regard to requiring the low band bandwidth of putting of gating; The effect of the low amplification module of gating is every the DC information component that removes target and noise, keep the exchange of information component, be complementary with sweep velocity (equating) integral time that must guarantee the low amplification module of gating, must utilize the suitable positive and negative numerical levels of selector switch intercepting to exchange imaging.
Step 5: utilize Peak Intensity Method to select suitable plus or minus energy voltage to carry out imaging, utilize Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling module that the analog AC of low frequency is signal digitalized, digitized voltage value minimum is 0.01mV.
Step 6: judge that imaging finishes rear (as not finishing to continue scanning imagery), adopts 256 voltage gradations-gray scale to be converted into original-gray image the information after the digitizing; Exchange imaging and compare with common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, exchange similar one irregular how much differential of radiation image, irregular form parameter is determined by the system impedance sum-product intergrator.
Step 7: original-gray image is carried out the geometric correction of imagery according to the conical scanning mode, eliminate Scanning Distortion; In addition, the similar irregular derivative characteristic of interchange radiation image changes the geometric configuration of target, need to come according to irregular derivative characteristic parameter the full-size(d) of restore target; Except proofreading and correct common mechanical conical scanning distortion, similar one irregular how much differential of original interchange radiation image, irregular form parameter determined by the system impedance sum-product intergrator, in order to guarantee to select geometric configuration roughly, need to come according to parameter the full-size(d) of correction target.
Step 8: the gray level image after will proofreading and correct carries out energy compensating according to the gray feature of different target; Because exchange radiation image for the sampled voltage of large area target all near null value, so need to redefine according to the peak-to-average of different target the voltage-gray-scale value of target, to distinguish different targets; Adopt the interchange radiant image need to carry out energy compensating, compare than common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, it is identical for the test of point target to exchange radiation image, image for the step target is fully different, the DC information of a general objective very galvanic current is flat, different these DC level of target are usually different, and the general objective of alternative radiometer all be one near 0 volt noise level, at this moment need to utilize the peak point energy compensating that carries out as a reference point of two ends target to distinguish different large area targets.
Step 9: the gray level image behind the energy compensating is shown as pseudo color image according to gray scale-False color mapping.Energy compensating is compared than common direct current millimeter wave radiometer, and it is identical for the test of point target to exchange radiation image, and is obviously different for the test of step target, at this moment needs to utilize the peak point energy compensating that carries out as a reference point of two ends target.Image shows is the image of alternative radiometer, close to the radiation of target true nature.
As shown in Figure 4:
DC radiometer scans still not scan all Voltage-output, can obtain the information of target, and alternative radiometer must just can obtain by relative motion the contrast information of target.After adopting alternative radiometer, the dc energy of image is with partial loss, and the sensitivity of imaging will be lower.But little on the impact of the relativity between the target.
The Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic test experiments of prohibited items:
Utilize PC and single-chip microcomputer to carry out scan control and imaging, in monolithic processor controlled image scanning process, within an interrupt cycle, utilize the 3mm wave band antenna to receive the natural radiation information of human body clothing (and concealing article), be amplified into the detection module through radio frequency LNA module, then hang down the gate action of amplification module by gating, produce a voltage signal, this voltage signal becomes digitized signal after the A/D sampling, determine corresponding gray shade scale according to the amplitude of voltage signal, produce an original image, original image is through (as the shape of concealing annulus) after the geometry correction, again through the dc energy compensation, the colors different such as large tracts of land in the image represent the zone, utilize at last colouration value method to produce a secondary pseudo color image, can also utilize Matlab system colour to produce the contraband goods simulation safety check image of gray scale-pseudo-colours.
The Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic test experiments of scene:
Utilize PC and single-chip microcomputer to carry out scan control and imaging, in monolithic processor controlled image scanning process, within an interrupt cycle, utilize the 3mm wave band antenna to receive the natural radiation information of scene (ground object target), be amplified into the detection module through radio frequency LNA module, then hang down the gate action of amplification module by gating, produce a voltage signal, this voltage signal becomes digitized signal after the A/D sampling, determine corresponding gray shade scale according to the amplitude of voltage signal, produce an original image, original image is through (such as rectangle and circle shape target) after the geometry correction, through the dc energy compensation, the colors different such as large tracts of land in the image represent the zone again, utilize at last Matlab system colour to produce the playground image of gray scale-pseudo-colours.
Be different from traditional DC radiometer imaging, exchanging imaging radiometer is a kind of total power radiometer of high-velocity scanning.It utilizes AC compounent to obtain the information of target by the low DC component of putting in removing machine of gating.It has avoided the dc noise in the machine, save matched load and 3mm switch and complicated synchro detection circuit, had more simple circuit structure, had shorter 1-5ms integral time, and lower cost and test macro, especially be easy to realize being shorter than the millimeter-wave systems of 3mm.Can the airport, the safety check located such as customs, harbour provides a kind of new technical method.Itself does not launch any electromagnetic wave the passive millimeter wave imaging technique, therefore be safe to human body, because millimeter wave has certain penetrability to clothing, carton, leather etc., therefore available millimeter wave exchanges imaging radiometer and detects the object of concealment under clothing in addition.
The radiometers image-forming method that exchanges system especially is fit to the application of short millimeter wave band, and this wave band is initiatively present and the development of passive millimeter wave detector exists huge technology barrier.The utility model proposes a kind of short millimeter-wave radiation imaging device, provide theoretical premise and technical foundation for further expansion exchanges the system imaging with the large-scale application millimeter wave.
A kind of short millimeter-wave radiation imaging device of the utility model, adopt alternative radiometer, at first with radar, infrared and DC radiometer is the same, can utilize the mode of imaging to obtain the information of target, owing to have all-time anf all-weather ability to work, be better than infrared and optical detection system, again because emitting electromagnetic wave not, so have again higher disguise and security, compare with DC radiometer, have and be simple and easy to integrated structure, lower cost, test macro easily, for short millimeter and submillimeter wave wave band, the preferential easy implementation on possessing skills than the radar of identical wave band and radiometer.

Claims (2)

1. one kind short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise Anneta module, radio frequency LNA module, the detection module, gating hangs down amplification module, the A/D sampling module, the scan control module, exchange image-forming module, the geometry correction module, the energy compensating module, image display, Anneta module wherein, radio frequency LNA module, the detection module, gating hangs down amplification module, the A/D sampling module, exchange image-forming module, the geometry correction module, the energy compensating module, image display connects successively, and the scan control module is connected with the A/D sampling module with Anneta module respectively; Background information receives through Anneta module, then enters into the radio-frequency information of radio frequency LNA module after LNA is amplified and enters the detection of detection module, sends into the low amplification module of gating again, obtains low-frequency information through the low amplification module of gating; Then enter into the interchange image-forming module through the A/D sampling module, after exchanging the image-forming module processing, send into the geometry correction module, for mechanical scanning with exchange shape distortion and proofread and correct correction, after the geometry correction resume module, send into the energy compensating module and carry out energy compensating, remedy the technological deficiency that to distinguish general objective, send at last image display, the scene image near the natural feature on a map radiation of demonstration, scan control module wherein, control antenna carries out the two-dimensional scan imaging.
2. a kind of short millimeter wave according to claim 1 exchanges radiation imaging apparatus, it is characterized in that: the vertical stepper motor (1) of control vertical direction and its counterweight derby (2) are positioned at the left and right sides that horizontally rotates framework (5), place antenna (3) and radiometer (4) at vertical rotary framework (16), the signal wire of radiometer (4) and the phase line of power lead and stepper motor are opened crossed beam trunking (6) through the inwall that horizontally rotates framework (5), the feathering axis (7) that passes through again hollow enters into reduction chamber, enter the pulpit of lower one deck through spatial clapboard, horizontal stepper motor (9) and worm reduction box (8) wherein are housed in the reduction chamber, drive unit (10) is housed in the pulpit, D.C. regulated power supply (11) and single chip control module (12), power lead is connected to power socket (13), signal wire connects computing machine by signal wire interface (14) and carries out data processing and imaging, and whole device is installed on the supporting bracket (15); Wherein, comprise radio frequency LNA module, detection module, the low amplification module of gating in the radiometer (4), comprise A/D sampling module, scan control module in the single chip control module (12), comprise interchange image-forming module, geometry correction module, energy compensating module, image display in the computing machine of signal wire by signal wire interface (14) connection.
CN 201220395214 2012-08-10 2012-08-10 Short millimeter wave AC radiation imaging device Withdrawn - After Issue CN202794516U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103576144A (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 南京理工大学 Short millimeter wave alternating current radiation imaging method and device
CN103675921A (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-26 烟台大学 Detector for detecting liquid dangerous goods in near field or far field detection mode

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103576144A (en) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 南京理工大学 Short millimeter wave alternating current radiation imaging method and device
CN103576144B (en) * 2012-08-10 2016-01-13 南京理工大学 Short millimeter wave exchanges radiation imaging apparatus
CN103675921A (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-26 烟台大学 Detector for detecting liquid dangerous goods in near field or far field detection mode

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