CN102539450A - 3-millimeter wave band water pollution monitoring method based on millimeter wave radiation characteristics and device thereof - Google Patents
3-millimeter wave band water pollution monitoring method based on millimeter wave radiation characteristics and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water pollution monitoring method based on millimeter wave radiation characteristics and a device thereof. The method comprises the steps of building a water pollution source tank, test radiation characteristics, calibrating radiation information, acquiring radiation images, extracting calculation areas, judging pollution situation and the like. The device comprises a 3-millimeter wave band antenna, a radio frequency low noise amplifier, a wave detection circuit and a low frequency amplifier which are sequentially connected, wherein a path of the low frequency amplifier is connected with a two-dimensional scanning device, the other path of the lower frequency amplifier is connected with a calibration device, the two-dimensional scanning device is connected with an image display circuit which is connected with a computer, the calibration device is connected with a data processing circuit which is connected with a data base characteristic matching circuit, and the data base characteristic matching circuit is connected with the computer. The device can work all the day long, overcomes the defect that infrared light and optic cannot accurately recognize categories and characteristics and can achieve radiation image information complementary with radar scattering image characteristics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to millimeter wave target emanation characteristic Related Research Domain, particularly a kind of 3mm wave band water pollution monitoring method and device based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic.
Background technology
Along with economy and fast development of society, water pollution problems is more and more outstanding in the world wide.Cause the reason of water environment pollution aggravation, cause the increase of sanitary sewage discharge capacity that most important reason is illegal, the violation discharging of the dirty waste water of part industrial and mining enterprises except sharply increasing owing to population.The monitoring of water pollution remote sensing has fast, macroscopical, characteristics of real time, and its data can reflect intuitively that water pollutes the distribution situation on the zone, are the effective ways that the pollution condition of water field of big area is monitored.But domesticly water is polluted the satellite remote sensing monitoring technology only rest on conceptual phase, the instance that Shang Weiyou uses in actual monitoring.
Except advanced person's water pollution control mode and theory, American-European developed country adopts aircraft, satellite to carry multiple wave band, spectral coverage sensing systems such as optics, infrared, microwave and observes and analyze.The Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data of in the water quality remote sensing monitoring, using always; The MSS, TM, the ETM+ data that comprise U.S. Landsat satellite; The HRV data of French SPOT satellite, the AVHRR data of weather satellite NOAA, the LISS data of India remote sensing IRS system; The multispectral image data that the OPS (optical sensor) of Japan JERS satellite receives, No. 1 satellite of mini-bus earth resources (CBERS--1) CCD camera data etc.In recent decades; The work of water pollution remote sensing monitoring mainly launches around setting up the remote sensing quantitative model in the world; Emphasis is to utilize Landsat; The remote sensing image of the different spatial resolutions that SPOT and weather satellite etc. provide, temporal resolution and spectral resolution through on-the-spot spectrum test and accurate synchronized sampling, is set up the statistics and the monitoring of dissimilar water pollutions.
And millimeter wave detection has performance all-time anf all-weather, can obtain the specific information that visible light and infrared eye can not obtain under inclement weather, the environment, so in development in future, should pay attention to microwave remote sensing Data Acquisition and application.The wavelength band of remote sensing water quality monitoring at present is little, focus mostly in visible light and near-infrared band scope, and spectral resolution differs in size, and especially lacks the research of microwave, millimeter wave band surface water quality.
The entrained remote sensing instrument of various satellites mainly concentrates on optics and infrared band, according to the remotely-sensed data of being passed back.For sunny weather on daytime, optical sensor has certain advantage because of its high resolving power; For night and rainy weather, visible light and infrared sensor are received very perturbation, and at this moment the millimeter wave remote sensing instrument like radiometer, scatterometer, altitude gauge etc., has irreplaceable status; During for the detection water surface temperature, the sensor of thermal infrared wave band has certain superiority.Compare with external advanced country; China's millimeter wave remotely-sensed data proportion is lower; And millimeter wave has shorter wavelength, has performance all-time anf all-weather; Can obtain the specific information that visible light and infrared eye can not obtain under inclement weather, the environment, so in development in future, should pay attention to obtaining and using of microwave data.
With the radar scattering message complementary sense; The especially passive mm-wave imaging of microwave having broad application prospects in the water pollution monitoring field; The present invention be exactly the imaging processing that proposes to utilize water to pollute target property analysis, pollution source and Feature Extraction Technology as the water pollution monitoring object, can remedy the weak link of domestic association area.Therefore; This invention is based on passive microwave (millimeter wave) radiotechnology with theoretical; Actual needs according to the water pollution control field; Utilize the passive millimeter wave imaging system of 3mm wave band to obtain the millimeter-wave radiation measurement data and the millimeter-wave radiation image of typical water Polluted area; Through analyzing the bright temperature characteristics of the passive millimeter-wave radiation of 3mm wave band of polluted water region, in conjunction with the passive mm-wave imaging of 3mm wave band, Flame Image Process and the feature extraction of polluted water region, the pollution source classification and the range state of this polluted water region of comprehensive distinguishing.This invention is quickened potential application such as passive Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic measurement and the monitoring of imaging technique water environment and is had important social reality meaning and great practical economic worth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of do not receive time, weather and climate effect; Has serviceability all-time anf all-weather; Can be under all kinds of cigarettes, mist, mist state operate as normal; And overcome defective infrared, that optics can not accurately be discerned kind of object, character, can obtain water pollution monitoring method and device based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic with the complementary radiation image information of radar scattering image property.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is:
A kind of 3mm wave band water based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic pollutes imaging monitoring method; Obtain polluted water region information through the test of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and the two kinds of patterns that form images, the method synthesis that comprehensively adopts Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image to combine is differentiated the water pollution situation; Mainly realize by following steps:
Step 1: the typical water pollution source taxonomy database of setting up 3mm wave band radiation characteristic;
Step 2: adopt millimeter wave radiometer to utilize its radiation characteristic test pattern to obtain polluted water region 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information;
Step 3: be scaled the brightness temperature value to the 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information of obtaining through calibration;
Step 4: utilize imaging pattern to obtain the 3mm wave band radiation image of polluted water region and carry out the pre-service denoising;
Step 5: the 3mm wave band radiation image characteristic and the reference area that extract polluted water region;
Step 6: the result according to step 3 and step 5 comprehensively adopts the method for Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image combination to judge pollutant source type, distribution and the area information of polluted water region.
The proving installation of imaging monitoring method is polluted in a kind of utilization based on the 3mm wave band water of Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic; Comprise the 3mm wave band antenna, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detecting circuit, the low-frequency amplifier that connect successively; Low-frequency amplifier one tunnel is connected with two-dimensional scanner, and another road robot scaling equipment of low-frequency amplifier connects; Two-dimensional scanner is connected with image displaying circuit, and image displaying circuit is connected with computing machine; Robot scaling equipment is connected with data processing circuit; Data processing circuit is connected with the database feature match circuit, and the database feature match circuit is connected with computing machine.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage:
(1) the water contaminant sensor mainly concentrates on optics, infrared band; The especially passive mm-wave imaging of microwave does not reach the degree of practicability as yet in the correlative study in remote sensing field; Therefore carry out imaging processing and feature extraction correlation technique that water pollutes target property modeling, pollution source in advance as research object, can remedy the weakness research link of association area.
(2) passive millimeter wave detection has serviceability all-time anf all-weather, can obtain the specific information that visible light and infrared eye can not obtain under inclement weather, the environment.Utilize the different Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic of inland waters pollution source; The radiation brightness of typical water pollutant as The classification basis; And introduce millimeter-wave radiation imaging and characteristics of image basis of characterization, can scientific basis be provided for the accurate judgement of pollution entering the water target information.
(3) present conventional water quality remote sensing monitoring wavelength band majority is chosen in visible light, infrared or radar mode, especially lacks the research situation of microwave region surface water quality radiation.Millimeter-wave radiation can compare with visible light, information infrared or that the radar mode is obtained and complementation as a kind of technological means that can obtain specific information.
(4) compare with other natural feature on a map, glassware for drinking water has remarkable different microwave radiation characteristic (bright temperature is low, cold target), and salineness, water temperature etc. have significantly specific radiation characteristic in the greasy dirt of the water surface, vegetation, the water.Study microwave radiation characteristics, quantitative test and the imaging recognition methods of typical waters pollution source in advance, can be improvement aspect, water pollution field a kind of new method and effective technology means are provided.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 3mm wave band of the present invention water pollutes radiation characteristic and imaging test schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 3mm wave band of the present invention water pollutes radiation characteristic and imaging monitoring technology process flow diagram;
The flow chart of steps that Fig. 3 the inventive method realizes;
Fig. 4 3mm wave band of the present invention water pollutes radiation characteristic and imaging test installation drawing.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention is like Fig. 1,2, shown in 3.Millimeter-wave radiation system works wave-wave is long to be the 3mm wave band.
3mm wave band water pollution radiation characteristic and imaging test installation drawing are as shown in Figure 1; A kind of utilization is based on the proving installation of the water pollution imaging monitoring method of Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic, and it is characterized in that proving installation is by constituting with the lower part: the 3mm wave band antenna receives water and pollutes radiation information; Radio frequency low-noise amplifier receives water to the 3mm wave band antenna and pollutes the radiation information amplification; After detecting circuit was positioned at the radio frequency LNA, effect was the envelope signal that detects the radio frequency LNA; After low-frequency amplifier was positioned at detecting circuit, effect was to carry out the envelope signal that detecting circuit detects the amplification of low frequency direct current and exchange amplifying dual mode, and wherein direct current amplification mode is used for the radiation characteristic test pattern, exchanges the amplification mode and is used for the radiant image mode; After robot scaling equipment was positioned at low-frequency amplifier, purpose was to convert the magnitude of voltage that obtains into kelvin rating; Two-dimensional scanner control 3mm wave band antenna carries out a peacekeeping two-dimensional scan; After data processing circuit was positioned at two-dimensional scanner, effect was that the temperature pattern that obtains is carried out the denoising pre-service; The image demonstration is positioned at data processing circuit, and effect is to show two dimensional image; Database feature coupling is after showing two dimensional image, and the principal character of image is analyzed, calculated and compares with the typical water pollution source taxonomy database of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic; After comprehensive distinguishing partly was positioned at the database feature coupling, effect was that test of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and image-forming information that whole flow process is obtained are judged, gets the pollution situation that water outlet is polluted; The typical classification of polluted-water is the database of before system carries out the test of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and forms images, just having set up, and the 3mm wave band radiation typical case pollution source of polluted water region comprise plants on water surface, water oil stain, water body suspension, sewage mixed liquor and high temperature sewage five big classes.
Wherein adopt the 3mm wave band antenna, beam angle is 0.4 °, and sweep limit is 180 ° * 120 °, can adopt ground, spaceborne or airborne monitoring; Adopt 3mm waveband radio frequency low noise amplifier, frequency range 90-100GHz, noise figure 3.5dB; Detecting circuit detects envelope signal; Low-frequency amplifier adopts two kinds of patterns of AC and DC, and the radiation characteristic test is switched with imaging as requested; Robot scaling equipment turns to temperature signal to voltage signal; Utilize two-dimensional scanner to carry out scanning imagery, wherein every line scanning imaging time is less than 3 seconds; Data processing section comprises data acquisition and processing (DAP) circuit, image displaying circuit, database feature coupling.The function of above circuit is exactly that the 3mm wave band radiation information that water pollutes is carried out comprehensive distinguishing.
It is as shown in Figure 2 with imaging monitoring technology process flow diagram that 3mm wave band water pollutes radiation characteristic; The objective of the invention is to utilize the measurement of millimeter wave property to confirm the property class of water pollutant, and utilize passive millimeter-wave radiation method for imaging that polluted water region is carried out the passive millimeter wave imaging.The present invention is that a kind of water based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic pollutes imaging monitoring method, is divided into the test of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and the two kinds of patterns that form images, and differentiates the water pollution situation through the method synthesis that comprehensive employing Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image combine.As shown in Figure 3, it is characterized in that mainly realizing by following steps:
Step 1: the typical water pollution source taxonomy database of setting up 3mm wave band radiation characteristic;
Step 2: adopt millimeter wave radiometer to utilize its radiation characteristic test pattern to obtain polluted water region 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information;
Step 3: be scaled the brightness temperature value to the 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information of obtaining through calibration;
Step 4: utilize imaging pattern to obtain the 3mm wave band radiation image of polluted water region and carry out the pre-service denoising;
Step 5: the 3mm wave band radiation image characteristic and the reference area that extract polluted water region;
Step 6: the result according to step 3 and step 5 comprehensively adopts the method for Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image combination to judge pollutant source type, distribution and the area information of polluted water region.
The passive millimeter wave image has ability to work all-time anf all-weather, and is carried out to picture according to the radiation of natural target, can reflect form, the size of imageable target accurately; The natural forms of occurring in nature has typical Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic separately in addition, and this also can be used as the foundation of differentiating targeted species.It is as shown in Figure 2 with the concrete techniqueflow chart of imaging monitoring to be used to monitor the 3mm wave band Analysis of Radiation Characteristics that water pollutes; The technology path of formulating is divided into two-way to carry out: the one tunnel is to carry out one dimension 3mm wave band radiation characteristic to measure and analyze; Can study the radiation characteristic of waters and typical pollutant under Various Seasonal, weather and propagation in atmosphere and the attenuation characteristic in advance and set up corresponding database; The measurement data of utilizing radiometer to obtain is that antenna temperature inverting after calibrating is radiation brightness, can differentiate the kind that belongs to target in the database construction of target according to the characteristic of the bright temperature of target emanation.3mm wave band radiant image and characteristics of image monitoring are carried out with two-dimensional scanner in another road; Utilize passive millimeter wave scanning imaging system to obtain the millimeter-wave radiation image of polluted water region and show; Utilize the denoising of morphology compound filter again; Characteristics of image is obtained in figure image intensifying and image restoration, and then can determine the scope and the area size of polluted water region.Fully utilize the 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and the pollution image characteristic of polluted water region then; Can accurately obtain character, scope and the area coverage of pollution source in the polluted water region; Especially this method has ability to work all-time anf all-weather, can be under all kinds of cigarettes, mist, mist state operate as normal.Millimeter wave especially 3mm wave band radiation characteristic can be used as continental rise, airborne and spaceborne application with the imaging monitoring system, can satisfy and administer various practical application conditions in the water pollution, has the versatility of carrying platform.Effect of the present invention is through the analysis-by-synthesis of two road technique implementation methods and conclusion, can confirm the base class and the distribution range of pollution entering the water, supports for water pollution control in the future provides scientific basis and experiment.
Claims (7)
1. the 3mm wave band water based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic pollutes imaging monitoring method; It is characterized in that obtaining polluted water region information through the test of 3mm wave band radiation characteristic and the two kinds of patterns that form images, the method synthesis that comprehensively adopts Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image to combine is differentiated the water pollution situation; Mainly realize by following steps:
Step 1: the typical water pollution source taxonomy database of setting up 3mm wave band radiation characteristic;
Step 2: adopt millimeter wave radiometer to utilize its radiation characteristic test pattern to obtain polluted water region 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information;
Step 3: be scaled the brightness temperature value to the 3mm wave band radiance temperature profile information of obtaining through calibration;
Step 4: utilize imaging pattern to obtain the 3mm wave band radiation image of polluted water region and carry out the pre-service denoising;
Step 5: the 3mm wave band radiation image characteristic and the reference area that extract polluted water region;
Step 6: the result according to step 3 and step 5 comprehensively adopts the method for Analysis of Radiation Characteristics and radiant image combination to judge pollutant source type, distribution and the area information of polluted water region.
2. pollute imaging monitoring method according to right 1 described a kind of 3mm wave band water based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic; It is characterized in that; Typical water pollution source taxonomy database in the step 1 is based on plants on water surface, water oil stain; Other suspension of water body, the sorting technique of sewage mixed liquor and abnormal high temperature sewage is set up the pollution entering the water taxonomy database.
3. pollute imaging monitoring method according to right 1 described a kind of 3mm wave band water, it is characterized in that the radiation characteristic test pattern in the step 2 is meant the brightness temperature characteristic of the typical pollution source of test in the system based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic.
4. pollute imaging monitoring method according to right 1 described a kind of 3mm wave band water, it is characterized in that the imaging pattern in the step 4 adopts and exchanges imaging pattern based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic.
5. pollute imaging monitoring method according to right 1 described a kind of 3mm wave band water, it is characterized in that the Analysis of Radiation Characteristics in the step 6 is meant the classification attribute of confirming typical pollution source according to the brightness temperature value tag based on Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic.
6. the proving installation of imaging monitoring method is polluted in a utilization based on the 3mm wave band water of Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic; It is characterized in that: proving installation comprises 3mm wave band antenna, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detecting circuit, the low-frequency amplifier that connects successively; Low-frequency amplifier one tunnel is connected with two-dimensional scanner, and another road robot scaling equipment of low-frequency amplifier connects; Two-dimensional scanner is connected with image displaying circuit, and image displaying circuit is connected with computing machine; Robot scaling equipment is connected with data processing circuit, and data processing circuit is connected with the database feature match circuit, and the database feature match circuit is connected with computing machine.
7. the proving installation of imaging monitoring method is polluted in a kind of utilization according to claim 6 based on the 3mm wave band water of Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic; It is characterized in that; Wherein low-frequency amplifier employing gating is low puts; Have the direct current amplification and exchange and amplify two kinds of mode of operations, wherein direct current amplification mode is used for the radiation characteristic test pattern, exchanges the amplification mode and is used for the radiant image mode.
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| CN104931816A (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2015-09-23 | 南京理工大学 | Fiber fabric millimeter wave radiation characteristic measuring device and measuring method |
| CN105049071A (en) * | 2015-08-16 | 2015-11-11 | 南京理工大学 | Millimeter wave radiometer receiver for target radiation characteristic measurement, and millimeter wave target radiation characteristic measuring method |
| CN107991674A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-04 | 南京理工大学 | Water pollution microwave active-passive composite detection method and device |
| CN109297589A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-02-01 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of test macro for W-waveband radiometer infrared radiation characteristics |
| CN109557383A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-02 | 南京理工大学 | The band dual-polarized radiation acquisition methods of target Ka and device based on unmanned plane |
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| CN111122570A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-05-08 | 南京理工大学 | Iron and steel plant sewage discharge monitoring method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113075252A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for measuring passive millimeter wave radiation characteristic quantity and classification method |
| CN116559401A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-08-08 | 四川新环科技有限公司 | Water quality detection method |
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| CN103576144A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-12 | 南京理工大学 | Short millimeter wave alternating current radiation imaging method and device |
| CN104931816A (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2015-09-23 | 南京理工大学 | Fiber fabric millimeter wave radiation characteristic measuring device and measuring method |
| CN104931816B (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2018-01-05 | 南京理工大学 | The Millimeter Wave Radiometric Characteristic measurement apparatus and measuring method of a kind of fabric |
| CN105049071A (en) * | 2015-08-16 | 2015-11-11 | 南京理工大学 | Millimeter wave radiometer receiver for target radiation characteristic measurement, and millimeter wave target radiation characteristic measuring method |
| CN107991674B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2023-09-26 | 南京理工大学 | Water pollution microwave active and passive composite detection method and device |
| CN107991674A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-04 | 南京理工大学 | Water pollution microwave active-passive composite detection method and device |
| CN109297589A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-02-01 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of test macro for W-waveband radiometer infrared radiation characteristics |
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| CN113075252A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for measuring passive millimeter wave radiation characteristic quantity and classification method |
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