CN103562037B - 混合动力车辆以及用于运行混合动力车辆中用于给电池充电的设备的方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆以及用于运行混合动力车辆中用于给电池充电的设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN103562037B
CN103562037B CN201280026081.1A CN201280026081A CN103562037B CN 103562037 B CN103562037 B CN 103562037B CN 201280026081 A CN201280026081 A CN 201280026081A CN 103562037 B CN103562037 B CN 103562037B
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J·帕帕尤斯基
M·哈马赫尔
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00716—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to integrated charge or discharge current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/215—Selection or confirmation of options
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2710/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2710/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/082—Selecting or switching between different modes of propelling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor

Abstract

本发明为混合动力车辆的运行提供了一种模式，在该模式中对电剩余续驶里程进行调节，也就是使该电剩余续驶里程基本保持恒定。例如车辆驾驶员能通过对操作元件的操作来持久地保持当前确定的电剩余续驶里程，以便能以后——例如在环保区内——为纯电动驾驶调用该电剩余续驶里程。对电剩余续驶里程的调节比迄今公知的对电池荷电状态的调节更加合理，因为车辆驾驶员能更好地规划他的路程。

Description

混合动力车辆以及用于运行混合动力车辆中用于给电池充电的设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆、即机动车，其具有电驱动装置以及给运行中的电驱动装置供电的电蓄能器、尤其是电池。此外还设有用于给蓄能器充电的设备，在此，这种设备通常具有内燃机连同相应的发电机，其中该发电机可以是电驱动装置，但一般是与电驱动装置不同的电机。本发明还涉及一种用于运行机动车中这种用于给电蓄能器充电的设备的方法。
背景技术
混合动力车辆一般具有所谓的运行模式选择开关，操作者通过对其操作而可以选择是否要以纯电动方式驾驶混合动力车辆，也就是说是否要只从电蓄能器中获取电能来使电驱动装置运行，或者是否要优选混合动力驾驶作为运行模式，也就是混合动力车辆的一种运行，在这种运行中，同时既从蓄能器获取电能来为电驱动装置供电，又通过用于给蓄能器充电的设备给该蓄能器输入电能。
DE10041593B4公开了一种用于混合动力车辆的控制装置，其中对电蓄能器的电压进行调节。在专业领域特别已知的是所谓的荷电状态(SOC)守恒，在该荷电状态守恒中，通过增程器(RangeExtender)的运行来保持电池荷电状态。其缺点是，车辆驾驶员仅能够非常困难地从可能显示给他的电池荷电状态来确定机动车的剩余续驶里程。车辆驾驶员不能根据路程进行有针对性的手动调节。
DE102008047923A1研究在用于优化机动车运行的方法的范围内顾及到预期电续驶里程。在此，总是从行驶路程目的地出发，从该目的地逆算出仍保持预期电续驶里程的状态。
DE102008047923A1提出一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法。预先规定预期电续驶里程，该预期电续驶里程是指利用混合动力车辆在仅运行电机时能行驶过的路程。此外预先规定行驶路程长度，该行驶路程长度是从车辆当前地点出发直到能借助车辆外部充电装置为向电机供电的电池充电为止所需行驶过的长度。基于预先规定的预期电续驶里程和预先规定的行驶路程长度使混合动力车辆这样运行，使得当车辆到达充电装置时，电池的荷电状态基本上处于最小值。在此可以对于在其中规定车辆纯电动行驶的区域使车辆这样运行，使得荷电状态在进入这种区域中时足以实现沿预先规定的路段纯电动驶过该区域。
EP1297982A2同样提出一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法。确定：在其内车辆仅被允许纯电动运行的那个路段沿预先规定的路线位于何处。随后确定为纯电动行驶过该路段所需的能量，以及为产生电池的相应足够的荷电状态所需的充电时间。基于此确定出电池充电过程开始的开始时间点并且从该确定出的开始时间点直至到达该路段为止相应地给电池充电。
DE4344368C1提出一种用于混合动力车辆的充电信息系统。用户可以给定他想达到纯电动驱动的续驶里程。基于此，充电信息系统可以在使用充电效率特征曲线的情况下确定电池的相应所需的充电效率和用于达到这种充电效率的剩余充电时间。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，以新颖的方式设计混合动力车辆的运行，由此避免上述现有技术的缺陷，或者尤其是车辆驾驶员可以更好地规划混合动力车辆的行驶，而不会在驾驶混合动力车辆方面失去规划自由。
该目的一方面通过具有下述特征的混合动力车辆来实现，另一方面通过下述的用于使机动车中用于给电蓄能器充电的设备运行的方法来实现。
因此根据本发明的混合动力车辆具有电驱动装置和用于给蓄能器充电的充电设备，所述电驱动装置能由电蓄能器供电，其中，所述混合动力车辆能在一种在其中进行调节的模式中运行，调节目标是：使按照预先规定的标准确定的、用于在其中充电设备不运行的利用电驱动装置的行驶的剩余续驶里程持续地在充电设备反复或持久运行的情况下按照预先规定的标准保持恒定，其中，设有用于预先规定待保持恒定的电剩余续驶里程的值的设备，用于预先规定值的设备具有操作元件，在所述操作元件被操作时，将当前确定的电剩余续驶里程值作为待保持恒定的值使用。
因此本发明的出发点在于，执行一调节到电池预期荷电状态的调节。根据外界的实际情况，电池的确定的预期荷电状态会导致不同的剩余续驶里程。通过对剩余续驶里程的直接调节可以由车辆驾驶员更好地规划混合动力车辆的驾驶。必要时向车辆驾驶员显示出剩余续驶里程的数据值，从而使车辆驾驶员特别能更容易地对混合动力车辆进行操作。
该模式根据本发明可以由车辆驾驶员自己选择出，其中设有用于预先规定待保持恒定的剩余续驶里程的值的设备。由于车辆驾驶员自己可以为剩余续驶里程预先规定值，所以他可以在混合动力车辆持续行驶时一直提前预留这种电能储备，使其在该模式结束后仍可以根据之前保持恒定的剩余续驶里程行驶剩余路程。这样可以由车辆驾驶员规划混合动力车辆的尤其是以后的纯电动行驶；例如他可以在长途行驶时提前预见到他想要在以后的市内行驶时电动地行驶至行驶目的地。但是仅通过对用于混合动力的或纯电动的驱动装置的选择开关的操作还不能确保有足够量的电剩余续驶里程可供使用。但是如果剩余续驶里程的值是可以预先规定的并且可调节至恒定的剩余续驶里程，那么该剩余续驶里程就可以在以后的时间点大体上准确地调用。
根据本发明，用于预先规定剩余续驶里程的值的设备具有操作元件，在该操作元件被操作时，将当前确定的剩余续驶里程值作为待保持恒定的值使用。例如在持续显示当前的纯电动行驶剩余续驶里程时，车辆驾驶员可以随时对操作元件进行操作，以便从某种程度上讲“冻结(einzufrieren)”或保存该当前的剩余续驶里程。然后车辆自身在其所处的模式中负责保持剩余续驶里程恒定。
用于充电的设备以公知的方式包括内燃机连同发电机、即所谓的增程器。
根据本发明的用于运行机动车中用于给电蓄能器充电的设备的方法的特征在于，在所述机动车中该蓄能器被用于给电驱动装置供电，其中，按照(尤其是不仅仅涉及电蓄能器的荷电状态)预先规定的标准确定在充电设备不运行时在电驱动装置运行的情况下机动车的续驶里程，并且使充电设备这样运行，使得该续驶里程在借助离散值对其进行描述的范围内保持恒定，其中，在操作元件被操作之后，将当前确定的电剩余续驶里程值作为待保持恒定的值使用。
本发明在此方面考虑到以下事实：计算至毫米的续驶里程会突然波动。但是如果分级给出续驶里程，例如通过在1km至10km之间并优选在2km至5km之间的距离的离散值的形式，那么可以通过运行用于给电蓄能器充电的设备实现：不会离开属于离散值的范围区间(Umgebungsintervall)，也就是说，不会到达邻近的离散值。这例如是预先规定的标准，按照该标准使剩余续驶里程保持恒定。
此外根据本发明，在操作元件被操作之后，将当前确定的电剩余续驶里程值作为待保持恒定的值使用。
可以在接收输入内容后实施该方法，通过该输入内容确定待保持恒定的续驶里程的值，其中通过输入内容优选将按照预先规定的标准确定的当前的续驶里程值确定为待保持恒定的值。该实施方式的上述针对混合动力车辆的优点加上必要的修改也适用于该方法。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。其中
图1示出了用于解释根据本发明的方法的实施方式的流线图，和
图2示出了所谓的电续驶里程与具有增程器的混合动力车辆所驶过的行驶路程相关的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明以此为出发点：混合动力车辆具有电驱动装置，该电驱动装置由电池供电。具有附属的单独发电机的增程器的作用在于产生电能，该电能被存储在电池中。
增程器通常不提供行驶所必需的全部电能。而是电池在行驶开始前在外部的充电站、例如简易的插座上被充电并在行驶开始时最大限度被充电。因此在路程点s0＝0时，所谓的电续驶里程最大，也就是机动车在不必运行增程器的情况下的续驶里程最大。
在步骤S10中行驶开始之后，在步骤S12中进行机动车的常规运行，例如调节电池荷电状态(SOC)，纯电动行驶或诸如此类。在此，出发点在于，电续驶里程一直到驶过路程SA后的路标/路程点A为止逐渐减小。而在行驶期间在步骤S14中检查：驾驶员是否操作了特定的键。如果不是这种情况，那么继续在步骤12中进行常规行驶。
在此在行驶过路程SA之后的路标A处由车辆驾驶员对该操作元件进行操作。其结果是，接下来在步骤S16中调节到一电剩余续驶里程并且使之尽可能保持恒定。“尽可能”在此的意思是，电剩余续驶里程的波动仅如此小，由此电续驶里程的值的离散分布不能捕捉到这些波动。例如，电续驶里程被调节到值l0，并且仅这样波动，以至于连如下区间的一半都达不到，该区间为直到最可能的量度值(Messwert)lob或lunt的区间。
对于描述剩余续驶里程而言，选择相对较大的区间就足够了。例如剩余续驶里程可以以5km的区间显示，当数值在20km以下时，在可能情况下以2km的步幅显示。如果在上述的例子中例如值为l0＝25km，那么该值在5km的离散下(即lunt＝20km，lob＝30km)保持恒定意味着：剩余的续驶里程按照预先规定的标准——即在例如22km至28km的区间内——保持恒定。
在步骤S18中检查是否进行了重新输入。如果不是这种情况，就仍然调节电剩余续驶里程。在驶过路程SB后，也就是在到达路标B时，要在此在步骤S18中检测这种重新输入。相应地，在步骤S20中进行纯电动行驶，直至到达行驶终点，也就是驶完所述的电剩余续驶里程l0。另选地，可以返回到步骤S12并重新进行常规的调节，直至在步骤S14中进行重新输入。
通过根据本发明的方法，车辆驾驶员能够在识别出仅还有确定的电剩余续驶里程l0可用时，在某种程度上“冻结”该续驶里程。驾驶员(在有足够多的燃料供使增程器运行的前提下)可以将该电剩余续驶里程储备起来，其方法是在驾驶员想要允许的范围内使增程器运行，以便在晚些的时间点在达到路标B后例如纯电动地行驶剩余里程——例如在不能运行增程器的环保区内。
与常规调节到电池的不变荷电状态不同，在本发明中调节的是电剩余续驶里程。电剩余续驶里程虽然和电池的荷电状态有关，但是还涉及例如当前车辆行驶速度，还间接通过增程器运行涉及燃料箱容量，尤其是电剩余续驶里程还和电驱动装置的驱动功率以及由机动车中辅助用电器所消耗的功率有关。在这些参量中的一个参量改变时，电剩余续驶里程会在电池的荷电状态未改变的情况下变化。为了保持电剩余续驶里程恒定，在必要时要调整电池的荷电状态。例如在平路上行驶一段时间后，在上坡行驶时由驱动装置消耗的功率会增加，由此电剩余续驶里程将可能变小。通过在上坡行驶时至少在预先规定的时间段后接通增程器而实现了：在持久的上坡行驶中对使此前保持恒定的电剩余续驶里程不足够的荷电状态向更高的荷电状态变化。
以公知的方式按现有技术公开的算法计算剩余续驶里程。剩余续驶里程计算涉及：以何种方式——也就是在消耗了多少能量的情况下——驶过此前驶过路程的至少一部分，并进行外推/外插计算。在消耗改变时，认为较高耗能比较低耗能更快。在车辆速度确定时，使用机动车的所谓的平均值分布(mittlereProfile)来估计剩余续驶里程。
本发明使得车辆驾驶员能够更准确地规划他想纯电动行驶的时间。通过保持剩余续驶里程的特定公里数，相比恒定保持电池荷电状态而言，车辆驾驶员可以更好地规划。

Claims (5)

1.一种混合动力车辆，具有电驱动装置和用于给蓄能器充电的充电设备，所述电驱动装置能由电蓄能器供电，其中，所述混合动力车辆能在一种在其中进行调节(S16)的模式中运行，调节目标是：使按照预先规定的标准确定的、用于在其中充电设备不运行的利用电驱动装置的行驶的电剩余续驶里程(I0)持续地在充电设备反复或持久运行的情况下按照预先规定的标准保持恒定，其特征在于，设有用于预先规定待保持恒定的电剩余续驶里程的值的设备，用于预先规定值的设备具有操作元件，在所述操作元件被操作时，将当前确定的电剩余续驶里程值(I0)作为待保持恒定的值使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，充电设备包括内燃机连同发电机。
3.一种用于运行机动车中用于给电蓄能器充电的设备的方法，在所述机动车中该蓄能器被用于给电驱动装置供电，其中，按照预先规定的标准确定在充电设备不运行时在电驱动装置运行的情况下机动车的电续驶里程，并且使充电设备这样运行，使得所述电续驶里程在借助离散值对其进行描述的范围内保持恒定，其特征在于，在操作元件被操作之后，将当前确定的电剩余续驶里程值(I0)作为待保持恒定的值使用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将离散值确定在1km至10km之间的距离内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，将离散值确定在2km至5km之间的距离内。
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