CN103554424A - 一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103554424A
CN103554424A CN201310520063.5A CN201310520063A CN103554424A CN 103554424 A CN103554424 A CN 103554424A CN 201310520063 A CN201310520063 A CN 201310520063A CN 103554424 A CN103554424 A CN 103554424A
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金文涛
程胜
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法,包括第一组分、第二组分和第三组分;第一组分包括二酐类粉料40质量份,均散剂20质量份,硅油0.5质量份,阻燃剂20质量份,发泡剂20质量份和水1.5质量份;第二组分包括胺醚(TNT430)60质量份和有机酸0.5质量份;第三组分为多异氰酸酯54质量份。制备时,先将二酐粉料和均散剂搅拌成糊状物,后加入硅油、发泡剂、水和阻燃剂搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和有机酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一、第二组分预混合后,加入第三组分搅拌并注入模具中自由发泡。本发明提供的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料具有较高阻燃性,具有无需外加催化剂等优点,具有广阔的市场前景。

Description

一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,特别是一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料广泛应用于家用电器(空调、冰箱)隔热层、建筑物墙面保温防水喷涂泡沫、管道设施等保温隔热材料、建筑板材、冷藏车、冷库的隔热材料等领域,具有重量轻、比强度大、施工方便等优良特性,同时还具有隔音、防震、电绝缘、耐溶剂等特点,特别与其他类型的泡沫塑料相比,具有导热率较低的明显优点。但是,由于聚氨酯泡沫材料的阻燃性能不太理想,再加上耐高温性能也有限,故在其应用上受到一定的限制。因此,阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的开发应用是目前聚氨酯研究的一个重点问题。
现有技术中具有一定阻燃性能的聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料所采用的主要成分为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇以及多异氰酸酯,并搭配合适的催化剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂等辅助成分,经一定工序发泡制得。其中,催化剂不仅是必要的组分,而且还必须选择适当,如果催化剂选择不当,则会对发泡过程造成严重的影响,从而无法制成泡沫产品。但催化剂种类繁多,并且在选择时需要考虑到其与材料中的其他组分相互作用影响的问题,所以往往给技术人员在生产过程中带来麻烦,使生产工序变得繁琐。此外,催化剂的催化过程的快慢等因素也不易控制。
另外,对于阻燃性聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料来说,除了组分种类的选择和搭配很重要之外,相应的制备方法和工序也十分重要。各种组分加入的先后顺序,加入的时的性状等等都会对材料的性质有很大的影响,因此,阻燃性聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的制备方法,也应当符合其所选原料的相互作用规律,因此这也构成了阻燃性聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料研发的一个难题。
所以,如何提供一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的组分及制备方法,使其在具有高阻燃性的同时,能够节省外加催化剂并能调节发泡过程,从而简化工序,是本领域所需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料及其制备方法。该材料具有较高的阻燃性能,在制备过程中,无需添加外加催化剂,并可自发调节发泡过程。
本发明提供的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,包括第一组分、第二组分和第三组分;所述第一组分包括二酐类粉料40质量份,均散剂20质量份,硅油0.5质量份,阻燃剂20质量份,发泡剂20质量份和水1.5质量份;所述第二组分包括胺醚(TNT430)60质量份和有机酸0.5质量份;所述第三组分为多异氰酸酯54质量份。
所述胺醚(TNT430)指的是市售中牌号为TNT430的胺醚。
优选地,所述第一组分中还包括二氧化硅汽凝胶10质量份。
优选地,所述二酐类粉料可为均苯四酸二酐或3,3,4,4-二苯甲酮四酸二酐。
优选地,所述均散剂为磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)。
优选地,所述阻燃剂为甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP);所述发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷(141b)。
优选地,所述胺醚的起始剂可为乙二胺或甲苯二胺或二亚乙基三胺。
所述的胺醚指的是含叔胺基的聚醚多元醇,本发明的胺醚以上述的多元胺为起始剂,与氧化烯烃在催化作用在开环聚合而成。与其他的聚醚多元醇比,本发明的胺醚可在发泡过程中与其他组分协同作用,起到催化作用,加速反应进程,同时免去了外加催化剂的添加。
优选地,有机酸为富马酸,但并不限于此,所述有机酸也可以是马来酸或间苯二甲酸。
优选地,所述多异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI),但并不限于此,也可以是甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)等常见多异氰酸酯。
一种用于制备上述高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的制备方法,包括下列步骤:首先将二酐粉料和均散剂搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、二氧化硅气凝胶、发泡剂、水、阻燃剂搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和有机酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入第三组分搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡。
综上所述,本发明提供的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料具有如下有益效果:
1、具有较高的阻燃性能
2、无需外加催化剂,节约生产工序和成本
3、催化作用可自行调节,使泡沫最终成型的关键时期加快反应速度。
4、具有溶剂作用的液态化合物作为均散剂,可使酸酐配成糊状物,解决了混合不均匀的工艺问题。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
表1配方
Figure BDA0000403780740000031
将上述配方按如下方法进行制备:首先将均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、一氟二氯乙烷(141b)、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和水搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和富马酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入作为第三组分的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡,从而制成泡沫材料,材料性能见表2。
表2材料性能
Figure BDA0000403780740000042
实施例2
表3配方
Figure BDA0000403780740000051
将上述配方按如下方法进行制备:首先将均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、二氧化硅汽凝胶、一氟二氯乙烷(141b)、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和水搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和富马酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入作为第三组分的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡,从而制成泡沫材料,材料性能见表4。
表4材料性能
Figure BDA0000403780740000052
实施例3
表5配方
Figure BDA0000403780740000053
Figure BDA0000403780740000061
将上述配方按如下方法进行制备:首先将3,3,4,4-二苯甲酮四酸二酐和磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、一氟二氯乙烷(141b)、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和水搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和马来酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入作为第三组分的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡,从而制成泡沫材料,材料性能见表6。
表6材料性能
Figure BDA0000403780740000062
实施例4
表7配方
Figure BDA0000403780740000072
将上述配方按如下方法进行制备:首先将3,3,4,4-二苯甲酮四酸二酐和磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、二氧化硅汽凝胶、一氟二氯乙烷(141b)、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和水搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和间苯二甲酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入作为第三组分的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡,从而制成泡沫材料,材料性能见表8。
表8材料性能
Figure BDA0000403780740000073
Figure BDA0000403780740000081
由表2、4、6、8的性能测试结果可知,本发明提供的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料具有重量轻,阻燃性高(氧指数高)、导热率低、隔音效果好等优点。特别是实施例2和4加入10质量份的二氧化硅气凝胶后,氧指数高达31%和30%,远高于高阻燃材料氧指数的最低标准(27%)。
实施例5
表9配方
Figure BDA0000403780740000091
实施例5的组分与实施例1相比,区别在于不含有机酸,其余组分按照与实施例1相同的顺序和步骤进行制备,在制备过程中发现,尽管胺醚起到了催化反应进程的作用,但在发泡初始阶段就迅速固化,物料难以充分填模,很难获得泡沫产品,加入适量的富马酸后(实施例1),发泡初始阶段胺醚催化作用消失,但在后期关键的泡沫成型阶段催化作用恢复,使得制备过程中有充足时间使物料充分填模,从而获得所需泡沫材料,也说明有机酸的加入有效调节了胺醚的催化进程。
以上对本发明所提供的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也应当落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,包括第一组分、第二组分和第三组分;所述第一组分包括二酐类粉料40质量份,均散剂20质量份,硅油0.5质量份,阻燃剂20质量份,发泡剂20质量份和水1.5质量份;所述第二组分包括胺醚(TNT430)60质量份和有机酸0.5质量份;所述第三组分为多异氰酸酯54质量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述第一组分中还包括二氧化硅汽凝胶10质量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述二酐类粉料为均苯四酸二酐或3,3,4,4-二苯甲酮四酸二酐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述均散剂为磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP);所述发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷(141b)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述胺醚的起始剂为乙二胺或甲苯二胺或二亚乙基三胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述有机酸为富马酸、马来酸或间苯二甲酸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)。
9.一种用于制备权利要求1或2所述高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,首先将二酐类粉料和均散剂搅拌成糊状物,然后加入硅油、发泡剂、水、阻燃剂与可选原料二氧化硅气凝胶搅拌作为第一组分;将胺醚和有机酸进行搅拌作为第二组分;将第一组分与第二组分预混合后,加入第三组分搅拌并注入模具中进行自由发泡。
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