CN103547919B - 用于运行scr系统的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于运行scr系统的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN103547919B
CN103547919B CN201280024338.XA CN201280024338A CN103547919B CN 103547919 B CN103547919 B CN 103547919B CN 201280024338 A CN201280024338 A CN 201280024338A CN 103547919 B CN103547919 B CN 103547919B
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菲利普·格拉斯
丹尼·舍德利希
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种SCR系统,其具有尿素溶液输送装置和基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器,该尿素浓度传感器的测量信号代表超声波脉冲沿着在尿素溶液输送装置的流体中的预定路径长度的传输时间。至少将尿素浓度传感器(17)的检测区域中的流体(9)由预定的第一温度加热至预定的第二温度。在加热期间在至少第三和第四温度时检测测量信号,并且分别根据相应的测量信号确定出原浓度特性值,该原浓度特性值代表超声波脉冲的传输时间。根据原浓度特性值确定出浓度特性值,该浓度特性值代表在流体中尿素的浓度。

Description

用于运行SCR系统的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行在内燃机中的SCR系统的方法和设备。
背景技术
在严格的法律规定的范畴中,在由机动车辆排出的污染排放物方面重要的措施是保持少量的污染排放物,在气体/燃料混合物在内燃机的相应的气缸中燃烧期间产生这些污染排放物。
另一个措施是使用废气再处理系统,该废气再处理系统将在气体/燃料混合物的燃烧期间在相应的气缸中产生的污染排放物转化为无污染的物质。出于这个目的使用废气催化器,其将一氧化碳、碳氢化合物以及还有氧化氮转化为无污染的物质。特别是与柴油内燃机相关联地,例如使用颗粒过滤器以及也使用SCR(selectivecatalyticreduction)催化器。这种SCR催化器选择性地减少了氧化氮。这意味着,即特别是减少了例如NO,NO2这样的氧化氮,相反避免了不期望的副反应。对于这种反应而言氨(NH3)是必要的。
在SCR系统中,包括SCR催化器,在机动车辆区域中测定在废气管线中的还原剂。无味的尿素用作还原剂,这是因为纯净物形式的氨具有高毒性并且此外是可点燃的。水溶的尿素溶液可供用作还原剂,其也以商标名来进行销售。还原剂通常储存在车辆中单独的箱体中。
还原剂的消耗在燃料、特别是柴油燃料的2%至大约8%之间。
为了实现尽可能显著地减少氧化氮排放,至关重要的是将还原剂以正确的比例计量。在过少地计量时,氧化氮减少的效率下降。如果尿素分量过高,那么由此而形成的氨部分地不与氧化氮反应。
DE102006013263A1公开了一种用于确定设置用于废气清洁的液体的组成部分的浓度的方法,其中,液体中的组成部分的浓度借助在液体中的声速的测量来计算。
WO2007/104779A2中公开了一种用于检验氨溶液的组成的方法,其中,参考温度变化曲线被记录并且将测试温度变化曲线与该参考温度变化曲线进行比较。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于运行SCR系统的方法和设备,该方法或该设备能实现可靠地确定尿素浓度。
本发明的特征在于一种用于运行具有尿素溶液输送装置和基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器SCR系统的方法和相应的设备,该尿素浓度传感器的测量信号代表超声波脉冲沿着在尿素溶液输送装置的流体中的预定路径长度的传输时间。
至少将在该尿素浓度传感器的检测区域中的该流体由预定的第一温度加热至预定的第二温度。在加热期间在至少第三和第四温度时检测测量信号,并且分别根据相应的测量信号确定出原浓度特性值,该原浓度特性值代表超声波脉冲的传输时间。例如第三温度可以大约相应于第一温度以及第四温度大约相应于第二温度。
根据原浓度特性值确定出浓度特性值,该浓度特性值代表在流体中尿素的浓度。
通过这种方式使用了这样的认知,即超声波脉冲沿着在流体中的预定路径长度的传输时间在温度变化时表征在流体中尿素的相应的真实浓度地变化。通过这种方式由此可以非常可靠地确定出尿素的浓度。由此特别是避免了,基于相同的声速在唯一预定的温度中由具有不同的尿素含量的两个不同的溶液相应地实现对测量结果的有缺陷的解释。通过这种方式因此例如可靠地识别出,流体何时不具有预定的尿素浓度、例如在的情况下例如为32.5%的尿素浓度。由此,如果流体包括其它的不期望的成分、例如冷却剂或盐水,则可以特别地识别或也可能识别出以水实现的稀释也或者提高的浓度。
根据浓度特性值则可以引入相应的措施,例如给车辆驾驶员的报警信息,也或者在故障存储器中的记录,或可能地调整在尾气中被测量的计量总量。
根据一个有利的设计方案,根据原浓度特性值和相应的温度确定出梯度,并且根据该梯度确定出浓度特性值。通过这种方式可以以计算技术特别有利地以及也可靠地确定出浓度特性值。
根据另一个有利的设计方案,尿素浓度传感器附加地设计和布置用于检测在尿素溶液输送装置的流体箱中的流体液位。通过这种方式可以使用一个唯一的传感器不仅用于检测在流体箱中的流体液位也用于确定出浓度特性值。
根据另一个有利的设计方案,实施对浓度特性值的确定,以回应于已识别的在SCR系统的SCR催化器下游的废气中的氧化氮浓度超出预定阈值的情况。通过这种方式可以非常有针对性地实施对浓度特性值的确定,并且特别地局限于这种情况,其中这种确定在将氧化氮排放物最小化方面是特别必要的。在此也有利的是,尽可能少地保持SCR系统的能量需求,这是因为加热和借助尿素浓度传感器的相应检测只需非常有选择地进行。
根据另一个有利的设计方案,第一和第二温度之间的差别大于尿素浓度传感器的测量精度。在此,该差别特别有利地大约为至少10℃。这有助于特别可靠地确定浓度特性值。
根据另一个有利的设计方案,布置尿素浓度传感器以使得将超声波脉冲发送至尿素溶液输送装置的输送管路中。通过这种方式,例如也可以特别少地保持对于加热尿素溶液所必需的加热能量,这是因为仅仅在输送管路中穿流的流体量必须相应地被加热。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在下文中结合示意性的附图详尽地阐述。附图示出:
图1是具有控制装置23的SCR系统,
图2是原浓度特性值关于温度绘制的变化曲线,以及
图3是原浓度特性值关于温度绘制的另外的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
SCR系统配属于内燃机并且特别是配属于内燃机的废气管线。内燃机特别地设计为柴油内燃机,并且在其废气部分中具有废气通道1(图1),其布置在内燃机的相应的气缸下游。由此废气由相应的气缸直接或间接地到达废气通道1。
例如废气催化器可以布置在图1示出的废气通道1的上游,和/或废气涡轮增压机的涡轮布置在废气通道1的上游。可选地,颗粒过滤器也可以布置在所示出的废气通道1的上游。此外所示出的废气通道1的上游也可以布置一个或多个传感器。
计量单元3布置在废气通道1处,并且确切地说这样布置,即该计量单元配置用于测量在废气通道1中的包括尿素的流体9。
在计量单元3的下游,SCR催化器5布置在废气管路1中。SCR催化器5设计用于在被尿素包含的氨的辅助之下执行将氧化氮还原剂为水和氮。
SCR催化器5的下游和/或上游可以布置有其它的传感器,例如氧化氮传感器或废气温度传感器。示例性地,氧化氮传感器6在附图中布置在SCR催化器的下游。
SCR系统还包括流体箱7,该流体箱填充有流体,该流体应该包括预定分量的尿素。流体箱7液压地与计量单元3耦合,以便从流体箱向计量单元3输送流体。尿素溶液输送装置除了流体箱7还包括输送管路15。
流体9在流体箱7中的液位以h表示。箱加热件11布置在流体箱中,以便将热能提供给流体箱7中容纳的流体9。此外设有箱液位传感器13,其测量信号代表在流体箱7中的流体9的液位h。
此外,在输送管路15处例如布置有基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17,其测量信号代表超声波脉冲沿着预定路径长度的传输时间,该预定路径长度位于尿素溶液输送装置的流体中,当布置在输送管路15处时也位于输送管路15中的流体中。尿素浓度传感器17可以特别有利地设计为具有箱液位传感器13的结构单元。这特别是有利地,即箱液位传感器13也是基于超声波的。在这种情况下能实现传感器的多种用途。
此外优选地,加热单元19布置在输送管路15中或输送管路15上。这可以特别为这种目的而设置,即在内燃机的运行期间避免在输送管路中流体的冻结,或使冻结的流体再次成为液态的。
此外可选择地,在结构单元中的基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17也包括加热单元,借助该加热单元可以相应地加热流体,该流体在基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17的区域中流动。
还设有控制装置23,该控制装置也称为用于运行SCR系统的装置,该装置包括数据存储器和/或程序存储器,并且还包括处理器以及还有不同的输入端和输出端。给控制装置的输入端分配。这样的传感器例如可以是温度传感器21,其这样布置,即其测量信号代表流体9的温度,确切地说,特别是在基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17布置在其中的区域中的温度。此外箱液位传感器13和/或基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17被分配给控制装置作为传感器。
在SCR系统的运行期间运行存储在控制装置23的程序存储器中的程序,确切地说特别是在控制装置23的处理器中运行。此外不同的执行器被分配给控制装置23的输出端,该执行器例如可以包括计量单元3和/或箱加热件11和/或加热单元19。然而其原则上可以包括其它的执行器,例如用于测量燃料的喷射阀。
程序例如在接近内燃机起动时开始。可选择地,该程序测试在SCR催化器5下游的废气中的氧化氮浓度是否超过了的预定阈值。为了该目的,例如引入氧化氮传感器6的测量信号。如果是这种情况,则至少将在尿素浓度传感器17的检测区域中的流体由预定的第一温度加热到预定的第二温度。这可以根据基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器的布置,例如借助加热单元的相应控制,在具有基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17和/或加热单元19和/或箱加热件11的结构单元中实现。
在加热期间,在至少第三和第四温度时,检测基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器17的测量信号并且根据相应的测量信号分别确定出原浓度特性值,该原浓度特性值代表超声波的传输时间。因此确定至少两个这种原浓度特性值以及任意的更多数量的值。特别地,在确定仅仅两个原浓度特性值的情况下特别有利的是,第三和第四温度近似地相应于第一或第二温度。原浓度特性值例如可以是传输时间自身,或例如是浓度值,因此例如作为百分数值。
根据原浓度特性值确定出浓度特性值,该浓度特性值代表了在流体中尿素的浓度。
这可以可选择地实现,其中根据原浓度特性值和配属于该原浓度特性值的温度确定出梯度,并且根据梯度确定出浓度特性值。
特别有利的是,第一和第二温度的差别大于基于尿素浓度传感器17的测量精度。这例如可以是至少10℃的温度差。
在图2和3中绘制了对于不同流体的原浓度特性值关于温度的变化曲线。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行具有尿素溶液输送装置和基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器(17)的SCR系统的方法,所述尿素浓度传感器的测量信号代表超声波脉冲沿着在所述尿素溶液输送装置的流体(9)中的预定路径长度的传输时间,其中
-至少将所述尿素浓度传感器(17)的检测区域中的所述流体(9)由预定的第一温度加热至预定的第二温度,
-在所述加热期间,在至少第三和第四温度时检测所述测量信号,并且分别根据相应的所述测量信号确定出原浓度特性值,所述原浓度特性值代表所述超声波脉冲的所述传输时间,
-根据所述原浓度特性值和对应的温度确定出梯度,并且根据所述梯度确定所述浓度特性值,所述浓度特性值代表在所述流体(9)中尿素的浓度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述尿素浓度传感器(17)附加地设计和布置用于检测在所述尿素溶液输送装置的流体箱(7)中的流体液位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,实施对所述浓度特性值的确定,以回应于已识别的在所述SCR系统的SCR催化器(5)下游的废气中的氧化氮浓度超出预定阈值的情况。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,在所述第一温度和所述第二温度之间的差别大于所述尿素浓度传感器(17)的测量精度。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,在所述第一温度和所述第二温度之间的差别大于所述尿素浓度传感器(17)的测量精度。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,在所述第一温度和所述第二温度之间的差别为至少10℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,在所述第一温度和所述第二温度之间的差别为至少10℃。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,布置所述尿素浓度传感器(17)以使得将所述超声波脉冲发送至所述尿素溶液输送装置的输送管路(15)中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,布置所述尿素浓度传感器(17)以使得将所述超声波脉冲发送至所述尿素溶液输送装置的输送管路(15)中。
10.一种用于运行具有尿素溶液输送装置和基于超声波的尿素浓度传感器的SCR系统的设备,所述尿素浓度传感器的测量信号代表超声波脉冲沿着在所述尿素溶液输送装置的流体(9)中的预定路径长度的传输时间,其中所述设备设计用于
-至少将在所述尿素浓度传感器(17)的检测区域中的所述流体(9)由预定的第一温度加热至预定的第二温度,
-在所述加热期间在至少第三和第四温度时检测所述测量信号,并且分别根据相应的所述测量信号确定出原浓度特性值,所述原浓度特性值代表所述超声波脉冲的所述传输时间,
-根据所述原浓度特性值和对应的温度确定出梯度,并且根据所述梯度确定所述浓度特性值,所述浓度特性值代表在所述流体(9)中尿素的浓度。
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