CN103535721B - 提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103535721B CN103535721B CN201310452142.7A CN201310452142A CN103535721B CN 103535721 B CN103535721 B CN 103535721B CN 201310452142 A CN201310452142 A CN 201310452142A CN 103535721 B CN103535721 B CN 103535721B
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Abstract
本发明属于营养制品技术领域，具体为一种提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物及其制备方法和应用，组合物由谷氨酸和/或谷氨酸衍生物、胱氨酸和/或胱氨酸衍生物、甘氨酸和/或甘氨酸衍生物组成的A组分与增益剂组成。本发明将A组分与增益剂联合使用，可改善组合物在口中的溶解度，促进人体对组合物的吸收，提高组合物的利用率，更有效地促进体内合成谷胱甘肽，提高人体内谷胱甘肽的浓度水平，从而提高人体免疫能力，且本发明具有抗氧化作用和解毒作用。将A组分与增益剂联合使用，还可改善组合物的口感，更适宜人体直接服用。因谷胱甘肽是人体内非常重要的抗氧化剂，而细胞氧化是衰老和多种疾病的根源，因此本发明可应用于预防和辅助治疗各种疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及营养制品技术领域，尤其涉及一种提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
谷胱甘肽（Glutathione）是一个三元肽，是一种细胞内抗氧化剂，其能够捕获自由基以避免自由基对细胞组织的破坏，因而对人体的免疫系统非常重要，被医学界誉为“人体内最好的自由基扫除剂”。但是，人体无法从食物中直接获取谷胱甘肽，即便直接口服谷胱甘肽也不能提高人体中谷胱甘肽的浓度，因为谷胱甘肽不能为人体消化道系统所吸收，因而提高人体内谷胱甘肽的浓度必须借助一定的物质条件在人体细胞内合成。谷胱甘肽由谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸分两步反应合成，具体路线如下：
据此，美国专利USRE42645E，Nutritionalortherapeuticcompositionsandmethodstoincreasebodilyglutathionelevels，公开了一种提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的营养或医疗组合物，该组合物主要由谷氨酸（GlutamicAcid）、胱安酸（Cystine）和甘氨酸（Glycine）组成。但是，在我们的研究中发现，该组合物的水溶性很差（主要是由于其中的胱氨酸在室温下的溶解度只有约0.01%），因而很难被人体吸收，从而限制了其促进体内合成谷胱甘肽的效果。
另一方面，通过谷胱甘肽合成路线我们可以看出，体内合成谷胱甘肽不仅需要所必需的氨基酸，还需要合适的条件，如催化剂等。因而，由哪些物质组成的组合物可更有效促进人体内合成谷胱甘肽，并且使组合物的形态和口感适宜人体食用成为本发明的方向和重点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改良的可提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度且口感好，适宜人体服用的组合物。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物，其由A组分和B组分组成；
所述A组分由以下物质按任意比例组成：谷氨酸、谷氨酸衍生物、胱氨酸、胱氨酸衍生物、甘氨酸和甘氨酸衍生物。
所述谷氨酸衍生物为谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸盐和谷氨酸酯中的至少一种；所述胱氨酸衍生物为胱氨酸盐、胱氨酸酯和半胱氨酸中的至少一种；所述甘氨酸衍生物为甘氨酸盐和甘氨酸酯中的至少一种。
所述B组分为增益剂，所述增益剂为助溶剂、促进剂和协同抗氧剂中的至少一种；所述组合物中B组分的质量百分比为1-90%。
助溶剂为pH≤3的食用酸或pH≥8的食用碱，以增加组合物的水溶性。食用酸可以为柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸和抗坏血酸中的至少一种；此外，还可以是其它食用酸。食用碱为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、氧化镁，氢氧化镁，柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸镁、柠檬酸钙、抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸镁、抗坏血酸钙和抗坏血酸钾中的至少一种；此外，还可以是其它食用碱。
促进剂是对谷胱甘肽合成有催化作用的成分，所述促进剂为维生素C、维生素D、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素B12、骨化三醇、乙酰半胱氨酸、S-腺甙基蛋氨酸、α硫辛酸和西利马林中的至少一种。
协同抗氧化剂是具有抗氧化作用的食品添加剂，所协同抗氧化剂为绿茶提取物、葡萄籽提取物、维生素E、人参粉或人参提取物、灵芝粉或灵芝提取物、冬虫夏草粉或冬虫夏草提取物、β-胡萝卜素、白藜芦醇和番茄红素中的至少一种。
所述A组分中各氨基酸可按任意比例混合，但为了提高各氨基酸的利用率，优选的方案为A组分中各氨基酸的摩尔比为n（谷氨酸和谷氨酸衍生物）：n（胱氨酸和胱氨酸衍生物）:n（甘氨酸和甘氨酸衍生物）=2:1:2。
所述组合物中B组分的质量百分比为5-30%。
所述组合物为固体口服剂型，所述固体口服剂型为粉剂、颗粒剂、片剂和胶囊中的任一种。
一种含上述提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物的保健品，由A组分、B组分和硒代蛋氨酸组成。
所述保健品由以下重量份额组分组成：谷氨酰胺40.25份、甘氨酸20.41份、胱氨酸33.02份、硒质量百分数为0.5%的硒代蛋氨酸0.06份和抗坏血酸钠6.26份。
所述保健品由以下重量份额组分组成：谷氨酰胺591.6份、甘氨酸600份、胱氨酸485.2份、维生素C30份、灵芝提取物10.04份、冬虫夏草提取物20.08份和硒质量百分数为0.5%的硒代蛋氨酸1.04份。
一种提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物的制备方法：按配比分别称取组成组合物的各物质，然后将各物质混合均匀即得组合物。
我们的研究发现，由谷氨酸、胱安酸和甘氨酸组成的组合物的水溶性很差，主要是由于其中的胱氨酸在室温下的溶解度只有约0.01%，很难被人体吸收；进一步研究发现，在适当酸性条件（pH≤2）或碱性条件（pH≥8）下，由谷氨酸、胱安酸和甘氨酸组成的组合物的溶解度明显提高。而食用酸如柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、醋酸、乳酸和抗坏血酸等均可调节组合物的酸碱性至pH≤2；食用碱如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钾、抗坏血酸钠和抗坏血酸钾等均可调节组合物的酸碱性至pH≥8。适量增加这些组分可显著提高组合物的水溶性，使组合物在口中就可迅速溶解，从而更快地被人体吸收以开始体内合成谷胱甘肽的反应。
另外还有研究指出，维生素D的代谢物骨化三醇（Calcitriol）,具有催化谷胱甘肽合成的作用，能够增加人脑中谷胱甘肽的浓度。乙酰半胱氨酸（N-acetylcysteine）、S-腺甙基蛋氨酸（S-adenosylmethionine）、乳清蛋白（Whey）、α硫辛酸（Alphalipoicacid）、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素B12和西利马林（silymarin，奶蓟籽提取物）亦具有促进细胞合成谷胱甘肽，提高体内谷胱甘肽浓度的作用。
还有研究表明，服用维生素C可以增加红血球中谷胱甘肽的浓度。维生素C本身也是一个很强的抗氧剂，对人体健康异常重要。同时注射谷胱甘肽和维生素C是医生为癌症病人常用的辅助疗法，以增加免疫力，因而维生素C也是一个很好的谷胱甘肽细胞合成辅助成分。因而将这些组分与A组分组合使用，可更有效地促进人体细胞内谷胱甘肽的合成。
再进一步，谷胱甘肽是一种细胞内抗氧化剂。而常用的天然保健抗氧化剂还有维生素E，以及植物基的绿茶提取物和葡萄籽提取物等。绿茶提取物的主要抗氧化成分包括儿茶酸（catechin）和多酚化合物（Polyphenols）。其中主要的儿茶酸有四个：表儿茶酸（epicatechin）、表没食子儿茶素（epigallocatechin）、表儿茶素没食子酸酯（epicatechingallate）和表没食子儿没食子酸酯（epigallocatechingallate）等。葡萄籽提取物的抗氧作用主要来自多酚化合物（Polyphenols）和维生素E等，其中一个有名的多酚是白藜芦醇（resveratrol）。显然绿茶提取物和葡萄籽提取物的抗氧成分和机理与谷胱甘肽不尽相同，但若将其与谷胱甘肽合用，具有互补作用，从而更全面地抵抗由氧化引起的衰老，达到更好的改善免疫力、保持健康的效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：联合使用A组分与B组分，可显著改善组合物在口中的溶解度，促进人体对组合物的吸收，提高组合物的利用率，更有效地促进体内合成谷胱甘肽，提高人体内谷胱甘肽的浓度水平，从而提高人体免疫能力，且本发明具有抗氧化作用和解毒作用。本发明通过联合使用A组分与B组分，可改善组合物的口感，使之更适宜人体直接服用。因谷胱甘肽是人体内非常重要的抗氧化剂，而细胞氧化是衰老和多种疾病的根源，因此本发明可应用于预防和辅助治疗各种疾病。
具体实施方式
为了更充分理解本发明的技术内容，下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步介绍和说明。
实验1
溶解性实验：ImmuneFormulation是美国ProImmune公司根据美国专利USRE42645E推出的商业产品。将2.0克ImmuneFormulation粉剂置于250毫升的烧杯中并加入100毫升水，搅拌，液体混浊，说明ImmuneFormulation粉剂不溶解。向烧杯中再加入2.0克碳酸钠，搅拌两分钟后溶液澄清了很多，溶液中只有少许颗粒不溶；继续向烧杯中加入1.0克碳酸钠，搅拌后，溶液澄清，组合物完全溶解。
实验2
溶解性实验：将2.0克ImmuneFormulation粉剂置于250毫升的烧杯中并加入100毫升水，搅拌，液体混浊，说明ImmuneFormulation粉剂不溶解。向烧杯中再加入2.0克抗坏血酸（维生素C）晶体，搅拌两分钟后溶液略显清澈；继续向烧杯中加入3.0克抗坏血酸，溶液明显清澈了很多，溶解度明显增大。
实施例1
分别称取呈干粉状态且小于60目的谷氨酰胺40.25克（Mw=146），甘氨酸20.41克（Mw=75），胱氨酸33.02克（Mw=240），0.5%硒代蛋氨酸0.06克，维生素C晶体6.26克，并置于切磨机（Chopper-Grinder）中混合2分钟即得组合物。（0.5%硒代蛋氨酸即为硒的质量百分比为0.5%的硒代蛋氨酸，其它实施例中的0.5%硒代蛋氨酸亦同。）
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用。每服1.6克，略酸，其中每服含维生素C约100毫克。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
实施例2
分别称取呈干粉状态且小于60目的谷氨酰胺40.25克（Mw=146），甘氨酸20.41克（Mw=75），胱氨酸33.02克（Mw=240），0.5%硒代蛋氨酸0.06克，抗坏血酸钠（维生素C钠盐）6.26克，并置于切磨机（Chopper-Grinder）中混合2分钟即得组合物。
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用。每服1.6克，略甜，口感很好，其中每服含抗坏血酸钠约100毫克。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
实施例3
分别称取呈干粉状态且小于60目的谷氨酰胺40.25克（Mw=146），甘氨酸20.41克（Mw=75），胱氨酸33.02克（Mw=240），0.5%硒代蛋氨酸0.06克，碳酸氢钠6.26克，并置于切磨机（Chopper-Grinder）中混合2分钟即得组合物。
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用，尤其适合胃酸过多的人服用。每服1.6克，其中每服含碳酸氢钠约100毫克，口感中等，略带咸味。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
实施例4
分别称取0.5%硒代蛋氨酸1.04克、谷氨酰胺591.6克、甘氨酸600克、胱氨酸485.2克、维生素C细粉30克、多糖含量≥30%的灵芝多糖提取物100.4克、多糖含量≥30%的冬虫夏草多糖提取物200.8克，备用。
首先，将硒代蛋氨酸和维生素C细粉、谷氨酰胺等量递加混合均匀，得第一混合物。然后，将第一混合物、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、多糖含量≥30%的灵芝多糖提取物、多糖含量≥30%的冬虫夏草多糖提取物置于三维混合机中混合15分钟，即得组合物。
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用。每服1.6克，口感中等。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
实施例5
分别称取0.5%硒代蛋氨酸1.04克、谷氨酰胺591.6克、甘氨酸600克、胱氨酸485.2克、维生素C细粉30克、多糖含量≥30%的灵芝多糖提取物10.04克、多糖含量≥30%的冬虫夏草多糖提取物20.08克，备用。
首先，将硒代蛋氨酸分别先后与维生素C细粉、多糖含量≥30%的灵芝多糖提取物、多糖含量≥30%的冬虫夏草多糖提取物等量递加混合均匀，得第一混合物。然后，将第一混合物、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、胱氨酸置于三维混合机中混合15分钟，即得组合物。
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用。每服1.6克，口感中等。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
实施例6
分别称取呈干粉状态且小于60目的谷氨酰胺40.25克（Mw=146），甘氨酸20.41克（Mw=75），胱安酸33.02克（Mw=240），0.5%硒代蛋氨酸0.06克，抗坏血酸钙晶体843.66克，并置于三维混合机中混合10分钟即得组合物。
因该组合物全是食品原料，无毒，适用于男女老少服用。每服1.6克，口感中等。服用时将组合物粉剂放于口中，与唾液混合一到数分钟，然后吞入腹中。也可用水冲化后服用。建议每天服用1-3次，最好持续服用以保持体内比较高的谷胱甘肽浓度。
以上所述仅以实施例来进一步说明本发明的技术内容，以便于读者更容易理解，但不代表本发明的实施方式仅限于此，任何依本发明所做的技术延伸或再创造，均受本发明的保护。
Claims (1)
1.一种含提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物的保健品，其特征在于，由以下重量份额组分组成：谷氨酰胺591.6份、甘氨酸600份、胱氨酸485.2份、维生素C30份、灵芝提取物10.04份、冬虫夏草提取物20.08份和硒质量百分数为0.5％的硒代蛋氨酸1.04份。
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| USRE42645E1 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2011-08-23 | Albert Crum | Nutritional or therapeutic compositions and methods to increase bodily glutathione levels |
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