CN103533912A - 关节造形板 - Google Patents
关节造形板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103533912A CN103533912A CN201280017234.6A CN201280017234A CN103533912A CN 103533912 A CN103533912 A CN 103533912A CN 201280017234 A CN201280017234 A CN 201280017234A CN 103533912 A CN103533912 A CN 103533912A
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- connecting rod
- cylindrical shell
- plate
- bone
- sleeve pipe
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Abstract
描述了一种修复骨的骨折端部的关节造形板和使用方法。关节造形板包括布置成固定到骨的表面上的固接板(2),以及包括筒体(18)的连接组件(6),筒体从固接板延伸,并且具有穿过固接板的膛孔。连接杆(22)布置成在筒体的膛孔内滑动。关节构件(4)包括承载表面,承载表面联接到连接杆的端部上或布置成联接到连接杆的端部上,该端部从筒体延伸远离固接板。连接组件结合调节机构(24)和锁定机构(26),调节机构布置成使连接杆滑动到筒体中或滑动出筒体,锁定机构布置成锁定连接杆在筒体内的位置,以使关节构件与固接板刚性地间隔开。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体涉及整形外科手术。更具体而言,本发明涉及关节造形板。特别地,本发明涉及用于修复长骨的端部的骨折的关节造形板,其包括形成球窝关节的一部分的凸形关节表面。本发明特别适于修复肱骨头部骨折,但它不限于这个应用。
背景技术
天生肩关节可由于各种原因而经历退化变化,例如关节炎。备选地,肩关节可骨折或由于外力而受到其它损害。当肩关节足够退化或受损时,可能需要用假体肩关节替代天生关节。传统的肩假体包括肱骨假体,其可选地具有关节窝假体。对于全关节造形或反关节造形,植入了关节窝构件,但是对于半关节造形,肱骨构件抵靠着天生关节窝腔体而作关节运动。
当肱骨的上端骨折时,肱骨大体断成几块,典型地三块或四块。具体而言,对于“四块式骨折”,肱骨头部在解剖学颈部的高度处分开,大结节和小结节与结节下方的肱骨轴分开,并且结节沿着二头肌凹槽彼此分开。由于不再有血液供应到肱骨头部,所以可开始出现坏死。为了修复其中对肱骨头部的血液供应受损的四块式骨折或三块式骨折,要更换肱骨头部,并且大结节和小结节重新附连到肱骨轴上。
典型地,肩假体的肱骨构件包括用于大体沿着骨的纵向轴线插入延伸到肱骨的髓内通道中的膛孔中的干,以及关节构件,关节构件在全关节造形的情况下可为凸形承载头部,或者在反关节造形的情况下为凹形杯。典型地,关节构件联接到干的颈部部分上,颈部部分相对于干的远侧部分的纵向轴线以倾斜角从髓内通道延伸,以便重建天生关节的解剖结构。普遍地,使用骨胶来使肱骨干假体在髓内膛孔内固定就位。备选地,干可涂覆有激励骨生长的材料,以使干保持就位,诸如Porocoat ®或羟磷灰石。一个这种肱骨干假体可从DePuy整形外科有限公司(Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc)在商标Global
FX下商购获得。
对于肱骨干假体,由于原来的损害导致的血管损伤,骨折的近侧肱骨可能不能正确地愈合或愈合可能延长。移除髓内通道中的疏松骨以插入干以及粘结产生的热可对通道壁的骨内膜产生非常大的损害。产生的骨血管坏死会限制骨的愈合,并且可甚至导致近侧肱骨的一部分的死亡和再吸收,特别是大结节和小结节。研究显示,用于修复肱骨骨折的四个肱骨干植入体中有一个在结节的迁移方面的结果不良。
作为肱骨干植入体的备选方案,已知使用髓内钉来修复一些类型的近侧肱骨骨折,髓内钉沿着形成于髓内通道内的膛孔延伸。螺钉从肱骨的外部通过形成于钉内的孔,并且进入肱骨头部和结节。这个类型的固接也遭受髓内通道中的血管损害的影响。此外,显著的缺陷在于,因为肱骨头部没有被更换,所以必须将钉穿过形成于肱骨头部的关节软骨中的孔。必须将塞子插入孔中,以恢复承载表面。
作为另一备选方案,已知使用附连到近侧肱骨的外表面上的固接板修复近侧肱骨骨折,其中肱骨头部相对未受损,并且看起来具有足够的血流。固接板利用锁定螺钉附连到近侧肱骨的侧表面上。螺钉或桩从固接板的头部部分延伸到肱骨头部中。一个这种固接板可从DePuy整形外科有限公司在商标S3肩板下商购获得。
对于其中天生肱骨头部用关节构件替代的肱骨假体,主要的是,确保承载表面正确地定位,以重建关节的天生解剖结构。一个选择是提供一定范围的关节构件,它们各个具有不同的厚度,以调节承载表面相对于肱骨的高度。备选地,可调节干植入髓内通道中的深度。但是,可能难以实现对承载头部的位置的精细控制。
为了修复股骨颈部的骨折,已知提供大体称为推力板假体的形式的假体。一个这种形式的推力板假体公开在PCT专利公开WO-2007/024980-A2中。假体包括板部分,其附连到近侧股骨的侧向外表面上。股骨颈部部分包括关节构件,其呈联接到推力板上的球的形式,推力板布置成承坐在股骨的被切除的颈部上。系杆从侧向骨板延伸到推力板,并且将球头部拉向侧向板,以将假体固定到骨上。系杆被张紧,以对骨施加预应力。在关节载荷下,力从推力板传递到股骨颈部内的皮层骨。备选地,如果系杆不张紧以压缩股骨颈部,则力通过系杆传递到板。因此,一些推力板假体设有伸长板部分,以将载荷传递离开股骨头部,并且又将载荷传递到完整的骨。
本发明的实施例的目标是减轻或缓解一个或多个现有技术的问题,而不管本文或其它地方是否确认。
具体而言,本发明的实施例的目标是提供肱骨重构假体,以对四块式肱骨头部分裂骨折或三块式肱骨头部骨折进行手术修复,其中,对肱骨头部的血供应被中断。本发明的某些实施例的另一个目标是提供一种假体,其可植入,而不对近侧肱骨产生显著的血管损伤,从而促进骨折的较快速愈合。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种关节造形板,其包括:布置成固定到骨的表面上的固接板;连接组件,其包括从固接板延伸的具有穿过固接板的膛孔的筒体,以及连接杆,连接杆布置成在筒体的膛孔内滑动;以及关节构件,其包括承载表面,承载表面联接到连接杆的端部上或布置成联接到连接杆的端部上,该端部从筒体延伸远离固接板;其中,连接组件结合调节机构和锁定机构,调节机构布置成使连接杆滑动到筒体中或滑动出筒体,锁定机构布置成锁定连接杆在筒体内的位置,以使关节构件与固接板刚性地间隔开。
本发明的优点在于,因为关节构件和固接板之间的距离能改变,所以可调节关节构件超过骨的端部的高度。因此,当关节造形板形成肩假体的一部分时,可通过改变关节的几何结构来调节在关节复原时的肩关节中的张力(由从肩胛骨延伸到肱骨的韧带和其它软组织产生),以便允许关节自然地运动,以及减小关节进一步受伤的风险。由于骨折肱骨头部典型地分成多个部分,所以将载荷直接从替代关节构件传递到肱骨头部中的皮层骨上可能不合乎需要的。
根据本发明的关节造形板允许外科医生使关节构件与骨的端部间隔开,使得骨折骨不被压缩。载荷从关节构件传递到板,板进一步沿着肱骨在骨完整处固定到骨上。另一个优点在于,与肱骨干植入体相比,最大程度地减小了近侧肱骨的血管的中断量。此外,因为最大程度地减小了移除的骨的比例,所以在植入的假体失效的情况下,可更容易地执行修正手术。
连接杆和筒体的膛孔可具有对应的接合装置,以防止连接杆在筒体内旋转。对应的接合装置可包括从连接杆或筒体中的一个延伸的突块,突块布置成可滑动接合形成于连接杆和筒体中的另一个内的凹槽,凹槽平行于筒体的轴线而延伸。
调节机构可包括调节套管,调节套管可旋转地设置在筒体内,并且可通过调节套管和连接杆上的对应的螺纹联接到连接杆上,使得相对于连接杆旋转调节套管会使连接杆相对地滑动到筒体中或滑动出筒体,以调节关节构件和固接板之间的距离。
锁定机构可包括锁定螺钉,锁定螺钉布置成穿过调节套管和接收在形成于连接杆内的膛孔内,并且可通过对应的螺纹联接到连接杆上,使得将锁定螺钉旋到连接杆膛孔中会防止调节套管和连接杆之间的进一步运动。
筒体的膛孔可进一步包括环形凸缘,调节套管可包括位于凸缘的第一侧的头部部分,并且锁定螺钉可包括头部部分,其中,当锁定螺钉接合连接杆的膛孔时,环形凸缘可定位在调节套管的头部部分和锁定螺钉的头部部分之间。调节套管的头部部分和锁定螺钉的头部部分两者可包括插口,插口布置成单独地接收起子的末端,以单独地旋转调节套管和锁定螺钉。
固接板可包括可联接到连接组件上的头部部分,以及布置成沿着骨的侧表面延伸向远侧的伸长本体部分,伸长本体部分包括布置成接收骨紧固件的多个紧固件孔,以将固接板固定到骨上。伸长本体部分可进一步包括伸长槽口,伸长槽口布置成接收骨紧固件,使得固接板能沿着骨的表面滑动。固接板头部部分可包括至少一个缝线孔,以将骨碎片和软组织固定到固接板上。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供修复骨的骨折端部的方法,方法包括:在骨的端部处移除作关节运动的骨表面的骨折部分;将固接板固定到骨的骨折端部的侧表面上,固接板联接到连接组件上,连接组件包括具有膛孔的筒体和连接杆,连接杆布置成在筒体的膛孔内滑动,筒体的膛孔穿过固接板,关节构件包括承载表面,承载表面联接到连接杆的端部上或布置成联接到连接杆的端部上,该端部从筒体延伸远离固接板;使连接杆滑动到筒体中或滑动出筒体,以调节连接杆从筒体延伸的长度;以及锁定连接杆在筒体内的位置,以使关节构件与固接板刚性地间隔开。
方法可进一步包括:在骨的端部处使关节复原;释放锁定机构;以及使用长度调节机构调节连接组件的长度,以改变关节内的张力。
在另一个实施例中,提供一种关节造形板,其包括:布置成固定到骨的表面上的固接板;连接组件,其具有布置成联接到固接板上的第一端部,以及第二端部,第二端部布置成联接到关节构件上,以将关节构件固定到固接板上;其中,连接组件结合长度调节机构,长度调节机构布置成改变连接组件的第二端部和固接板之间的距离,使得可调节关节构件相对于骨的端部的位置。
在另一个实施例中,提供修复骨的骨折端部的方法,方法包括:切除骨的端部,以移除作关节运动的骨表面或移除作关节运动的骨表面的骨折部分;将固接板附连到骨的近侧部分的侧表面上,固接板联接到连接组件上,连接组件延伸向骨的关节表面的位置;以及使用长度调节机构来调节连接组件的长度;其中,调节连接组件的长度会调节关节构件相对于骨的端部的位置。
附图说明
现在将参照附图以示例的方式描述本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的实施例的联接到关节构件上的关节造形板假体的正面的视图;
图2是图1的假体的板部分的透视图;
图3是与图1的视图在同一平面中延伸的图1的假体的连接组件的横截面图;
图4是图1的假体的连接组件的一部分的分解视图;
图5是联接到骨上的图1的关节造形板假体和关节构件的正面的局部横截面图;
图6示出联接到骨上的试板;
图7示出使用缝线来将骨碎片固定到关节造形板上;以及
图8示出根据本发明的实施例调节关节构件的高度。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1,这是根据本发明的实施例的用于修复骨折近侧肱骨的组装好的关节造形板的正面图。关节造形板包括固接板2,用于附连到患者的近侧肱骨的侧向外部部分上。关节构件4替代天生肱骨头部。关节构件4包括凸形承载表面,并且在大小和形状方面设置成与天生关节窝表面或植入的关节窝假体作关节运动,以重构肩关节。关节构件4通过连接组件6联接到固接板2上,连接组件6定位在形成于近侧肱骨中的膛孔中。
在图2中以透视图示出固接板2。固接板2包括伸长本体部分8和头部部分10,它们布置成与侧向肱骨的表面相一致。本体部分8结合多个螺钉孔12,用于将板2固定到肱骨上。螺钉孔12的轴线可随着它们进入骨而发散,以便减小板2被拉离骨的可能性。具体而言,两个螺钉孔12的轴线可横向于本体部分8的板而进入骨,并且最远侧螺钉孔12的轴线可倾斜地延伸到骨中。螺钉孔12可带螺纹,以接收固定角度骨螺钉或锁定螺钉的带螺纹头部。螺钉孔12的螺纹限定螺钉孔的轴线。备选地或另外,螺钉孔可布置成接收可变轴线骨螺钉。孔12还可接收平滑的桩或完全或部分带螺纹的桩。更一般地,任何已知形式的紧固件可用来将板2联接到骨上。
提供带槽口螺钉孔14来将板2初始固接到骨上。螺钉通过带槽口孔14插入骨中,从而在永久地附连固接板2之前允许板2沿着骨滑动。围绕头部部分10提供缝线孔16,以将软组织和骨碎片固定到固接板2上。
板2进一步包括整体地形成的空心筒体18,其横向于板的纵向轴线(例如以135°)从板延伸。选择筒体18延伸的角度,以通过将关节构件定位在正确的解剖位置上来重建近侧肱骨的天生解剖结构,如下面将描述的那样。筒体18插入形成于近侧肱骨中的膛孔中,膛孔从侧向骨表面延伸到被切除的肱骨头部。筒体18形成连接组件6的一部分,如下面结合图3将描述的那样。筒体18可用多孔材料覆盖,诸如Porocoat ®,以便激励骨向内生长,这协助板2固接到骨上。
现在参照图3,这示出图1的关节造形板的连接组件的横截面图,以更好地示出连接组件6的细节。连接组件6将关节构件4联接到板2上。连接组件6在长度方面可调节,以允许外科医生调节关节构件4的相对位置。具体而言,连接组件6调节锥体28的中心的位置,使得当联接到关节构件4上时,凸形承载表面20可移向或移离板2,以便调节复原的肩关节中的张力,而不需要不同的厚度的多个单独的关节构件。此外,由于调节连接组件6的方式的原因,可在肩关节被复原时调节关节构件4和板2之间的间隔,而不需要关节移位来更换关节构件,如现在将阐述的那样。
连接组件6包括筒体18(其形成板2的一部分)、在第一端处联接到关节构件4上的连接杆22、调节套管24和锁定螺钉26。连接杆22、调节套管24和锁定螺钉26还在图4中以分解视图示出。
连接杆22的第一端包括截顶锥体28,其布置成接收在关节构件4的相反侧内的锥形膛孔中且锁定到锥形膛孔上。锥体28的形式可大体与关于用于将关节构件联接到假体的颈部部分上的现有肱骨干假体已知的相同,所以在这里将不进一步描述。平滑膛孔32沿着连接杆22的长度延伸,以接收锁定螺钉26。连接杆22的第二端可滑动地接收在管状筒体18内。连接杆22和筒体18之间的旋转由防旋转突块34限制,突块34从连接杆22的一侧延伸且可滑动地接收在凹槽36内,凹槽36沿轴向在管状筒体18内延伸。
筒体18的膛孔包括环形凸缘38,环形凸缘38布置成防止调节套管24穿出筒体18离开关节构件4。调节套管24的头部40装配在筒体18的膛孔内,并且能在筒体18内旋转。调节螺钉24的头部40进一步包括环形凸缘39和凹槽41。环形凸缘39略微突出超过头部40的其余部分的周边。凸缘39的在凹槽41附近的侧面是倾斜的。筒体18的内部还包括第二凸缘43和凹槽45。凸缘43的背向板2的侧面是倾斜的。与筒体壁的相邻部分相比,凸缘43进一步延伸到筒体的膛孔中。
凸缘39和43相互作用,使得在组装连接组件期间,当调节套管24插入筒体18中时,凸缘39和43略微变形,以允许调节套管24的头部40完全插入筒体中。变形由凸缘的倾斜侧面协助。凸缘之间的交叠适当地较小,例如为0.1mm,以允许凸缘暂时变形,并且然后恢复到它们之前的形状。变形由凸缘的倾斜侧面相对于彼此滑动来协助。因此,如果尝试将调节套管24拉离筒体,则需要比将调节套管24插入筒体中所需的力更大的力,从而将调节套管24保持在筒体18内。示出在图4中的插口42(例如六角插口)形成于调节套管24的头部40中且布置成接收螺钉起子(未显示)的端部,以使调节套管24在筒体18内旋转。
延伸远离头部40的调节套管24是管状的,其外部尺寸布置成接收在连接杆22内的膛孔32内。外螺纹形成于调节套管24的外侧上,并且布置成接合膛孔32内的内螺纹,使得当调节套管24相对于连接杆22旋转时,连接杆22滑动到筒体18中或滑动出筒体18。
锁定螺钉26包括头部部分44和轴部分46。外螺纹形成在锁定螺钉26上,远离头部44,并且布置成接合形成在连接杆22内的膛孔32的狭窄部分中的螺纹。
锁定螺钉26的头部部分44布置成贴靠筒体18内的凸缘38,使得当组装连接组件6时,凸缘38卡在锁定螺钉26的头部44和调节套管24的头部40之间。插口48(例如六角插口)形成于锁定螺钉26的头部44中,并且布置成接收螺钉起子(未显示)的端部,以便使锁定螺钉26在筒体18内旋转。优选地,插口48布置成与形成于调节套管24的头部内的插口42接收相同的螺钉起子。
可通过这样来调节连接组件6的长度:使调节套管24在筒体18内旋转,使得其旋到连接杆22中的膛孔32中或旋出膛孔32,从而使连接杆22滑动到筒体18中或滑动出筒体18。一旦实现正确的长度,就使锁定螺钉26穿过调节套管24进入连接杆22中,以及上紧锁定螺钉26以将连接杆22拉向板2,直到锁定螺钉26支靠在凸缘38上,因而防止连接杆22、调节套管24和板2之间的微运动。这个调节可执行在关节构件4联接到连接杆22上之前或之后。
有利地,连接组件6可用来调节关节构件4和板2之间的距离,以便调节复原的关节内的张力。此外,如果需要将载荷直接传递到骨上的话,可调节连接组件,以允许关节构件4的相反表面支靠在肱骨头部内的结节的碎片上。备选地,如果肱骨头部中的骨严重骨折,关节构件4可略微与骨间隔开,使得对肩关节施加的载荷从关节构件4传递通过连接组件6和通过板2。板2沿着肱骨延伸足够远,以确保其能固定到完整的骨上。
现在参照图5,图1的关节造形板假体和关节构件在正面中的局部横截面图中示出为联接到肱骨头部上。具体而言,覆盖在关节造形板上的骨部分被省略,以允许看到整个假体。此外,肱骨头部的在假体植入期间被移除的那些部分(孔口内的关节表面和骨)以虚线显示。
现在将描述用于植入关节造形板假体以修复骨折肱骨头部的手术过程。将理解,可例如根据外科医生的喜好来改变手术过程的细节。如上面论述的那样,本发明的实施例的关节造形板假体可显示为用于修复三块或四块式近侧肱骨骨折。在四块式近侧肱骨骨折中,肱骨头部是未联接到任何软组织上且没有血液供应的自由碎片。大结节和小结节被脱开。大结节通过附连的肌腱套前后移置,而通过附连的肩胛下肌向内缩回小结节。通过拉动胸大肌来使肱骨轴的骨折端向内移植。三块式骨折的不同点在于,小结节或大结节保持附连到肱骨头部上,因此肩胛下肌腱使肱骨头部内旋。
外科医生首先必须接近骨折的肱骨头。患者定位成使得允许外科医生自由地接近受伤的肩部,例如处于“海滩睡椅”位置,受伤的手臂自由地垂悬,从而对后面的手臂操作提供空间。可使用荧光透视法来检查骨折,包括在内旋和外旋下。可使用三角肌照射来识别喙骨、肩峰(acromium)和三角肌插入。在胸大肌和三角肌之间形成间隔,并且切割线从喙骨向远侧延伸。
通过12-14 cm的切口进行照射。可使用自持牵引器来使切口保持打开。必须仔细识别和牵引头静脉。向内侧牵引喙肱肌,并且将三角肌间隔的底部处的胸大肌插入定位成允许形成肩峰下空间,以使近侧三角肌活动。
然后可移除脱开的肱骨头部(在三块式骨折的情况下,在从小结节或大结节上释放头部之后)。然后可例如通过比较肱骨头部与测量其高度和曲率半径的仪器来选择关节构件4的恰当的大小。结节也从下面的软组织上释放,在活动小结节和附连的肩胛下肌腱时小心保护腋生神经。结节被释放,以便允许它们联接彼此和联接到关节造形板上,从而绕过结节。
试板(trial plate)200然后应用到肱骨的表面上,如图6中示出的那样。试板200大体与假体板2相同,并且具体而言,骨接触表面为相同形式。但是,试板200不包括筒体18,并且所以它可自由地定位在肱骨的表面上。可能需要臂的牵引来将试板200保持在正确高度上。另外臂可能需要内旋,使得关节构件(当定位好时)被引导到关节窝中。可以左臂形式和右臂形式获得试板200,如假体那样。试板的前侧与二头肌凹槽对齐。可提供试板柄(未示出)来联接到试板200的头部部分202上。试板柄协助操纵试板200。此外,试板柄布置成从试板200延伸,使得当与前臂对齐(肘以大约90°弯曲)时,试头将定位成具有30°后倾(但是这可根据诊所指示来改变)。
试板200进一步包括导引件204,其布置成引导2mm导线。导线指示假体头部(关节构件4)的中心的位置。导线沿着箭头206指示的轴线延伸。这允许外科医生看到试头将相对于距骨区域和结节在正确的位置上。导线慢慢地前进,并且可在荧光透视下确认轨迹。导线用来暂时将试板200固定到骨上和确认假体的连接杆22的对齐性。试头208联接到导线上。当正确地定位时,试头(trial
head)208的下部面应当与肱骨头部的内端对齐。
一旦确认试头的位置,外科医生可能需要移除肱骨头部(在图5中以虚线显示)的关节表面100的其余碎片。典型地,关节表面100可能已经骨折或与肱骨脱开,从而需要外科医生执行切除,以提供切除表面102(在图5中以虚线显示),以便后续支承关节构件4或与关节构件4间隔开。
钻刀(未示出)然后用来形成膛孔104,以接收筒体18。膛孔104在图5中以虚线显示。钻刀由导引件204引导。膛孔104大体垂直于切除表面102而通过肱骨头部延伸到肱骨侧表面。固接板2然后可固定到肱骨侧表面上,连接组件6插入膛孔104中。试头208可暂时联接到板2上,以检查颈部轴线的最终位置。初始通过将螺钉穿过带槽口螺钉孔14来固定固接板2,这允许固接板2沿着肱骨侧表面滑动。然后可通过将螺钉穿过其余螺钉孔12来使固接板2固定就位。板2可用锁定螺钉或非锁定螺钉固定。推荐锁定螺钉用于远侧有角度孔的固接。应当首先插入非锁定螺钉,以将板拉至骨。
关节构件4然后固定到锥体28上。然后可通过旋转调节套管24而调节连接组件6的长度(即锥体28的中心和固接板2之间的距离)来调节关节构件4的位置。可在肩关节复原之前或之后确定关节构件的位置,或者可在肩关节复原之后执行另外的调节。然后通过将锁定螺钉26穿过筒体18和调节套管24而接合锥体28来使关节构件4锁定就位,。
使用固定到缝线孔16上的缝线来使骨或软组织的松散的碎片固定到关节造形板上。具体而言,大结节和小结节固定到缝线孔上且固定在关节造形板周围。由于缝线可穿过骨质疏松骨中的结节碎片,优选缝线另外或仅仅穿过套肌腱。缝线210还可将关节构件4中的孔联接到缝线孔16上,如图7中示出的那样,以便经过结节且将它们固定到假体上。如果需要,可通过旋转调节套管24来提供关节构件4和结节之间的压缩,如图8中的箭头212示出。关节构件4相对于板2在箭头214的方向上的运动还用来使缝线210张紧。
由于肱骨头部的尺寸较小,所以本发明的发明人意识到可提供可调节长度的连接组件,因为关节构件和板之间的杠杆臂足够短到最大程度地减小连接组件在载荷下受到损害的任何风险。对于股骨假体,由于在股骨头部和股骨侧表面之间的距离较大,将更难安全地实现可调连接组件,因为将施加到连接组件上的弯曲力较大(特别是考虑到相对于肩关节,典型地将更大的载荷施加到髋关节上)。
虽然如上面提到的那样,不必提供一定范围的具有不同的厚度的关节构件,以便针对特定患者调节肩张力,但是可能仍然需要提供一定范围的不同的大小的关节构件,以处理患者之间的解剖结构的差异。类似地,可以一定范围的大小提供固接板和连接组件,以及以左手形式和右手形式提供固接板。具体而言,板可不对称,以便处理左肱骨和右肱骨之间的差异。
此外,固接板的近侧部分可加宽,以延伸经过一个或两个结节。板的头部意图与近侧肱骨的形状紧密地相一致。具体而言,板的头部可相对于本体部分成角度,以与肱骨的近侧侧表面相一致。缝线孔设置在板的头部内,以将骨碎片和软组织重新附连到经修复的肱骨上。板可还包括多功能孔,用于附连缝线或接收临时固接销或导线。
如上面描述的那样,在本发明的示出实施例中,连接杆是与关节构件分开的构件。但是,将理解连接杆可与关节构件一体地形成。或者,连接杆优选从关节构件以固定角度延伸。最优选地,凸形承载表面由球体的一部分限定,并且连接杆沿着承载表面的极轴延伸。类似地,将筒体描述为与板一体地形成,但是不一定是这种情况。筒体可为单独的构件,其使用螺纹或凸轮机构来联接到板上。
描述了用于连接组件的特定形式的长度调节机构。但是,连接组件的细节仅仅是示例性的,并且表示当前构想到的形式的组件。本发明不限于连接组件的细节,实际上其扩展到用于调节关节构件和联接到骨的近侧侧向部分上的板之间的间隔的任何机构,其中,机构延伸通过穿过骨的膛孔。
上面主要将本发明描述成形成肩假体的一部分。关节造形板特别适于修复肩骨折,因为固接板沿着肱骨的长度延伸,直到遇到完整的骨,以确保良好的固接。但是,关节造形板还可形成股骨假体,以修复髋骨折。
根据本文的教导,对本发明的其它修改和应用将容易地显而易见,而不脱离所附权利要求的范围。
Claims (12)
1. 一种关节造形板,包括:
固接板,其布置成固定到骨的表面上;
连接组件,其包括:从所述固接板延伸的筒体,所述筒体具有穿过所述固接板的膛孔;以及连接杆,所述连接杆布置成在所述筒体的所述膛孔内滑动;以及
包括承载表面的关节构件,所述承载表面联接到所述连接杆的端部上或布置成联接到所述连接杆的端部上,该端部从所述筒体延伸远离所述固接板;
其中,所述连接组件结合调节机构和锁定机构,所述调节机构布置成使所述连接杆滑动到所述筒体中或滑动出所述筒体,所述锁定机构布置成锁定所述连接杆在所述筒体内的位置,以使所述关节构件与所述固接板刚性地间隔开。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述连接杆和所述筒体的所述膛孔具有对应的接合装置,以防止所述连接杆在所述筒体内旋转。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述对应的接合装置包括从所述连接杆或所述筒体中的一个延伸的突块,其布置成可滑动地接合形成于所述连接杆和所述筒体中的另一个内的凹槽,所述凹槽平行于所述筒体的轴线而延伸。
4. 根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述调节机构包括调节套管,所述调节套管可旋转地设置在所述筒体内且可通过所述调节套管和所述连接杆上的对应的螺纹联接到所述连接杆上,使得相对于所述连接杆旋转所述调节套管会使所述连接杆相对地滑动到所述筒体中或滑动出所述筒体,以调节所述关节构件和所述固接板之间的距离。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述锁定机构包括锁定螺钉,所述锁定螺钉布置成穿过所述调节套管且接收在形成于所述连接杆内的膛孔中,并且可通过对应的螺纹联接到所述连接杆上,使得将所述锁定螺钉旋到所述连接杆膛孔中会防止所述调节套管和所述连接杆之间的进一步运动。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述筒体的所述膛孔进一步包括环形凸缘,所述调节套管包括位于所述凸缘的第一侧的头部部分,并且所述锁定螺钉包括头部部分,其中,当所述锁定螺钉接合所述连接杆的膛孔时,所述环形凸缘定位在所述调节套管的头部部分和所述锁定螺钉的头部部分之间。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述调节套管的头部部分和所述锁定螺钉的头部部分两者包括插口,所述插口布置成单独地接收起子的末端,以单独地旋转所述调节套管和所述锁定螺钉。
8. 根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述固接板包括可联接到所述连接组件上的头部部分和布置成沿着所述骨的侧表面向远侧延伸的伸长本体部分,所述伸长本体部分包括多个紧固件孔,所述多个紧固件孔布置成接收骨紧固件,以将所述固接板固定到所述骨上。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述伸长本体部分进一步包括伸长槽口,所述伸长槽口布置成接收骨紧固件,使得所述固接板能沿着所述骨的表面滑动。
10. 根据权利要求8或权利要求9所述的关节造形板,其特征在于,所述固接板的头部部分包括至少一个缝线孔,用于将骨碎片和软组织固定到所述固接板上。
11. 一种修复骨的骨折端部的方法,所述方法包括:
在所述骨的所述端部处移除作关节运动的骨表面的骨折部分;
将固接板固定到所述骨的所述骨折端部的侧表面上,所述固接板联接到连接组件上,连接组件包括具有膛孔的筒体和连接杆,所述连接杆布置成在所述筒体的所述膛孔内滑动,所述筒体的所述膛孔穿过所述固接板,关节构件包括承载表面,所述承载表面联接到所述连接杆的端部上或布置成联接到所述连接杆的端部上,该端部从所述筒体延伸远离所述固接板;
使所述连接杆滑动到所述筒体中或滑动出所述筒体,以调节所述连接杆从所述筒体延伸的长度;以及
锁定所述连接杆在所述筒体内的位置,以使所述关节构件与所述固接板刚性地间隔开。
12. 根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
在所述骨的端部处使关节复原;
释放所述锁定机构;以及
使用所述长度调节机构来调节所述连接组件的长度,以改变所述关节内的张力。
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CN201280017234.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103533912B (zh) | 2011-02-04 | 2012-01-31 | 关节造形板 |
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US (2) | US9066805B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2670360B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5917569B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103533912B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012213548B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2826204A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB201101896D0 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012104285A1 (zh) |
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CN107137164A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-08 | 成都贝施美医疗设备有限公司 | 一种人工髋关节假体 |
CN107137163A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-08 | 成都贝施美医疗设备有限公司 | 一种髋关节假体 |
CN107198595A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-26 | 成都贝施美生物科技有限公司 | 一种防髋臼脱落的髋关节假体 |
CN108236495A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-03 | 西安卓恰医疗器械有限公司 | 低合金化可降解的微型内固定组件、镁合金制备方法及镁合金材料 |
CN111150478A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-15 | 赣南医学院 | 一种生物医用可降解镁合金接骨板 |
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2011
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2012
- 2012-01-31 WO PCT/EP2012/051526 patent/WO2012104285A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-31 EP EP12708771.6A patent/EP2670360B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-01-31 AU AU2012213548A patent/AU2012213548B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-01-31 US US13/983,582 patent/US9066805B2/en active Active
- 2012-01-31 CN CN201280017234.6A patent/CN103533912B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-31 CA CA2826204A patent/CA2826204A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-31 JP JP2013552180A patent/JP5917569B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107137164A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-08 | 成都贝施美医疗设备有限公司 | 一种人工髋关节假体 |
CN107137163A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-08 | 成都贝施美医疗设备有限公司 | 一种髋关节假体 |
CN107198595A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-26 | 成都贝施美生物科技有限公司 | 一种防髋臼脱落的髋关节假体 |
CN108236495A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-03 | 西安卓恰医疗器械有限公司 | 低合金化可降解的微型内固定组件、镁合金制备方法及镁合金材料 |
CN108236495B (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-09-22 | 西安卓恰医疗器械有限公司 | 低合金化可降解的微型内固定组件、镁合金制备方法 |
CN111150478A (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-15 | 赣南医学院 | 一种生物医用可降解镁合金接骨板 |
CN111150478B (zh) * | 2020-01-02 | 2022-04-05 | 赣南医学院 | 一种生物医用可降解镁合金接骨板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9877757B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
EP2670360B1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
AU2012213548A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
US9066805B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
JP5917569B2 (ja) | 2016-05-18 |
JP2014511213A (ja) | 2014-05-15 |
AU2012213548B2 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US20150272643A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US20130338780A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2670360A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
CA2826204A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
WO2012104285A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
CN103533912B (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
GB201101896D0 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
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