CN103517939A - 用于缓冲垫的模制材料 - Google Patents

用于缓冲垫的模制材料 Download PDF

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CN103517939A
CN103517939A CN201180070036.1A CN201180070036A CN103517939A CN 103517939 A CN103517939 A CN 103517939A CN 201180070036 A CN201180070036 A CN 201180070036A CN 103517939 A CN103517939 A CN 103517939A
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A·德尔古斯塔
G·巴罗耐托
A·安提舍
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Te Luonike Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
    • B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
    • B29C70/025—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
    • C08J9/236—Forming foamed products using binding agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
    • B29L2031/4807—Headwear
    • B29L2031/4814—Hats
    • B29L2031/4821—Helmets

Abstract

为模制轻质的缓冲冲击和多次冲击的物体，公开了包含20-50重量%膨胀颗粒和80-50重量%粘合组分的材料，其中颗粒位于塑料材料中，具有闭合形状、中空且填充有气体。

Description

用于缓冲垫的模制材料
本发明涉及一种材料，特别是用于制备衬垫或缓冲或减震元件的材料。
用于制备高冲击衬垫如头盔的内部防护的最常用材料为膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)。尽管它的扩散，它具有刺激研究其它改善材料的缺点。特别是，苯乙烯：
-通过其结构(部分闭孔，换言之，含有可折叠气泡结构)的不可逆瓦解而吸收冲击，因此仅对一次(第一次)冲击有效；
-它对高温敏感，且在极端应用如在沙漠(60℃以上)中的竞争中可改变其状态并且变得柔软；
-它具有不可忽视的密度。
本发明的主要目的是提供不同的材料，所述材料优选具有以能量分散弹性响应且无结构瓦解而吸收冲击的能力，以具有对多次冲击呈反应性的材料。
这种模制材料定义于所附权利要求书中。
原料的优选基本配方，换言之，在模具中加热以前，为20-50重量%膨胀颗粒(微球)和80-50重量%非膨胀颗粒(微球)。这类值确保有利的性能和重量且适于应用，特别是优异的耐冲击性结果和轻质。
随着模具的加热，其中化合物硬化，所有微球膨胀(但是膨胀的微球较少)。
非膨胀微球或球位于塑料材料中且为闭合的球。它们是中空的且充满气体，所述气体在加热时膨胀，使得球膨胀并降低材料的总密度。应说明表观密度不改变(模具完全填充)，但真密度改变，因为球之间的空气消除。
膨胀颗粒对本发明而言是重要的。膨胀微球位于塑料材料中，特别是位于热塑性丙烯酸系树脂中。它们为闭合的球、中空且充满气体；并充当其它球的粘合剂或填料。事实上，膨胀球为填料元件，非膨胀球充当粘合剂。
可将非膨胀颗粒用另一粘合材料或组分如胶和/或粘胶如聚氨酯替换，然而，在这种情况下，需要因此改进生产系统且性能可能改变。非膨胀颗粒为随着热膨胀的材料，但可使用冷固性材料，例如双组分胶，或聚氨酯，或用催化剂膨胀的那些如聚氨酯。
重要的是微球为：
-闭合的球，因为闭合结构能够使它们吸收和分散能量；
-密度低且因此重量轻；
-粘弹性的：如果它们仅为粘胶，则它们不返回原位以使材料经受多次冲击，而如果它们仅为弹性的，则它们不吸收能量；
-能够相互粘住以产生密实材料。
上述材料所具有的轻质不是必要的，但在最终产品中极有利。
可用于本发明的球例如含在材料
Figure BDA0000393920600000021
中。
颗粒通常具有球形且非常小(直径为10-40μm)。然而，注意该尺寸不是必要的。
该材料的一个优点是它赋予模制产品以形状记忆。当产品经受变形时，膨胀和非膨胀球整体压缩或膨胀。由于球的弹性，当应力停止时，球各自恢复其初始状态，因此材料恢复其初始形式。也注意模制产品以与关于第一变形相同的方式对第二变形作出反应，明显有利于对冲击的反应的安全性和可重复性。
可任选将以下组分加入如上的基本配方中：
-约0-2%热解硅石，例如
Figure BDA0000393920600000022
型的，以防止团块的形成，促进在插入模具期间的流动并部分地减少水的进入。一般而言，可使用减少水的进入的任何组分，且防水组分不是必要的。事实上，二氧化硅不使材料防水；而是具有防水材料例如在头盔应用中是有利的；和/或
-约0-3%聚乙烯或不使产品吸水或者尤其是使它更强韧的材料的纤维。该纤维不用于使材料防水，而是更强韧。
代替二氧化硅或与二氧化硅一起，也可使用功能上类似的防沉降组分，除了例如过度降低颗粒附着力的蜡、聚硅氧烷或特氟隆防沉降剂的目的是改善复合材料在模具内的流动/插入。
如果使用防沉降组分如二氧化硅(其存在两种类型(亲水和疏水))，则必须选择疏水类型。
纤维或类似组分用于使材料更强韧，像复合物中的所有纤维一样。聚乙烯纤维(PE)例如为优选的，可将它们用任何纤维(碳、Kevlar、玻璃等)替换。材料与纤维之间存在键是足够的。
本发明材料的优点是已知它的孔完全闭合使得在应力期间不可瓦解，经得住通过各冲击循环的应力。
最佳密度:弹性比以30-40kg/m3的比重实现。此外，该密度保证模具的优异填充、改善的传导性以及物体的完全且均匀燃烧。
如所提到的，材料在模具中加热以后固化。材料在模具中的膨胀温度为100-160℃。在该温度以上，存在分解的风险，使耐冲击性能无效。
材料的另一优点是它具有比EPS更低的密度。可制备具有相同体积的较轻物体或者对于相同体积具有较高的吸收能力的物体。
此外，证明该材料容易加工，由此能够限制工业成本。
在铝模具中制备用于摩托车头盔内部的实验保护帽，然后通过人造冲击测试。
将试验结果与用常用的EPS生产的帽对比。
冲击点对所有测试头盔而言相同为：左前额、左太阳穴、冲击面积边缘的背后、右太阳穴、右前额。
在各个点进行三次冲击：
1.具有150J以上的能量的第一冲击(SNELL SA2005)，
2.具有110J以上的能量的第二冲击(SNELL SA2005)，
3.具有110J以上的能量的第三冲击(仅用于试验目的的另一冲击)。
与标准EPS相比，所实现的G和HIC值的降低高达三分之一。
G为保护装置应用于佩戴者头部，即通过特定速度(法规规定)减速直至完全停止的减速值(负数g)。HIC(头部伤害度标准)值表示在标准减速曲线以下可实现的最大值，其中x轴为以毫秒表示的冲击时间，且y轴为减速度：它是出现面积峰值时计算的时间间隔。

Claims (12)

1.模制用材料，其包含20-50重量%膨胀颗粒和80-50重量%粘合组分，其中颗粒位于塑料材料中，具有闭合形状、中空且填充有空气。
2.根据权利要求1的材料，其中粘合组分包含位于塑料材料中的具有闭合形状、中空且填充有空气的非膨胀颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1或2的材料，其中粘合组分包含胶。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3的材料，其中膨胀和/或非膨胀颗粒包含
Figure FDA0000393920590000011
材料。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的材料，其包含约0-2%防水和/或防沉降材料。
6.根据权利要求5的材料，其中防水材料包含热解硅石，例如类型的。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的材料，其包含约0-3%纤维。
8.根据权利要求7的材料，其中纤维包括聚乙烯纤维。
9.根据权利要求7或8的材料，其中纤维包括碳、Kevlar或玻璃纤维。
10.防止冲击的衬垫或保护元件，其包含根据前述权利要求的材料。
11.根据权利要求10的衬垫或保护元件，其特征在于为头盔的保护帽。
12.根据前述权利要求1-9的材料在制备衬垫或保护元件，特别是用于头盔的衬垫或保护元件中的用途。
CN201180070036.1A 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 用于缓冲垫的模制材料 Pending CN103517939A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20140115