CN103515497A - 一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片及其应用 - Google Patents
一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片及其应用,其目的在于解决窄蓝光波长芯片激发黄光荧光粉封装白光LED的显色性不足的问题。该InGaN/GaN多量子阱宽蓝光波长LED外延结构从衬底开始,依次为GaN缓冲层、GaN本征层、n-GaN层、InGaN/GaN多量子阱层、p-AlGaN层和p-GaN层,其特点是在于InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的InGaN阱层的厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐增大,而GaN垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐减小。并将这种宽蓝光波长芯片与黄光荧光粉封装成白光LED可以实现高显色性白光发射。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及LED领域,更具体地,涉及一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片及其应用。
背景技术
LED照明是未来照明领域的发展趋势,白光LED技术的发展则引领着LED照明走向未来。LED照明在对比传统的照明灯具时,具有体积小、发光效率高、发热量小、节能和长寿命等优势,然而,白光LED照明技术则仍然存在着不少问题,如显色性偏低等。
高质量的白光LED技术研究对于LED进一步取代传统灯具而成为主流产品的前进道路上显得尤为重要。现阶段,高显色性的白光LED方案主要有利用RGB三色芯片混合封装在一起形成白光LED、GaN基蓝光芯片加上RG荧光粉混合而成的白光LED、GaN基蓝光芯片加上YAG荧光粉和红光芯片补偿而成白光LED。这几种方案中,显色性都得到极大提高,但是,存在驱动复杂、混色不均、成本较高和红光荧光粉寿命短等问题。此外,无荧光粉的单芯片白光LED已有报道,主要是在同一个蓝宝石衬底上依次生长两种或三种InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构的LED,调节In组分来实现从蓝光到黄光的发射从而合成白光。但是,对于GaN基发光器件其发光效率一般在400~500 nm范围内的效率较高,随着发射波长向长波长方向增加,GaN基LED的发光效率逐渐减小,主要是因为高In组分的InGaN薄膜生长极其困难。当前蓝光加YAG:Ce黄光荧光粉的封装方案占据白光LED市场的主要份额。对于蓝光芯片加YAG:Ce荧光粉封装的白光LED,在高色温时具有高的显色指数,随低色温的减小,其显色性逐渐减小,当色温低于5500K时,显色一般低于70。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,从衬底开始,依次为GaN缓冲层、GaN本征层、n-GaN层、InGaN/GaN多量子阱层、p-AlGaN层和p-GaN层,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的InGaN阱层的厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐增大,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的GaN垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐减小。靠近p-GaN侧GaN垒层厚度减小可以改善空穴注入,特别是与p-AlGaN电子阻挡层相邻的GaN垒层厚度减小能减弱GaN/p-AlGaN间的极化效应,最终可以减小电子的溢流而提高电子与空穴的复合几率。另一方面,靠近p-GaN侧厚的InGaN阱层可以增大量子阱内激子的寿命,从而增大空穴通过活性层到达n-GaN侧量子阱的几率来进一步改善电子与空穴在活性层的分布均匀,此外,不同阱层厚度可以实现发射峰的变化最终实现GaN基芯片的宽蓝光波长发射。
所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱层中的量子阱的数量为4~6。
所述的InGaN阱层厚度,从n-GaN到p-GaN方向,由2 nm递增到3 nm,所述的GaN垒层厚度,从n-GaN到p-GaN方向,由16 nm递减到4 nm。
所述的递增为等差递增,所述的递减为等差递减。
所述的InGaN阱层中In的摩尔量为Ga和In的总量的15~18%。
所述的p-GaN层掺有受主Mg,所述的n-GaN层掺有施主Si。
所述的衬底为蓝宝石、硅、SiC或GaN中的一种。
更进一步,本发明提供一种白光LED,由GaN基宽蓝光波长芯片与黄光荧光粉结合封装而成,所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长芯片包含上述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片。。
所述的白光LED的发射峰值的范围在550~590nm,所述黄光荧光粉为YAG:Ce+、硅酸盐、铝酸盐或氮化物中的一种。
该GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片的制备方法是通过MOCVD技术实现,包括下列步骤:
(1)采用AlGaInN系材料生长专用MOCVD,升温至1000~1100 ℃烘烤衬底5~10分钟。
(2)降温至480 ℃,在衬底上生长厚度为30 nm的GaN低温度缓冲层。
(3)升温至1050 ℃,生长厚度为2 μm的未掺杂GaN层。
(4)在1000~1100 ℃的温度下生长厚度2.0~4.0 μm的n-GaN层。
(5)将温度降至600~800 ℃,生长InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层,周期数为4~6,InGaN阱层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向由2 nm逐渐递增到3 nm,GaN垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向16 nm逐渐递减到4 nm,InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层中In组分保持一致并为15~18%。
(6)在1000~1100 ℃的温度下生长厚度10~20 nm的p-AlGaN电子阻挡层。
(7)在1000~1100℃的温度下生长厚度200~300 nm厚的p-GaN层。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:减小GaN/p-AlGaN层间的界面极化效应,提高了空穴的注入效率和更好地抑制了电子溢出,有源区的电子空穴浓度均匀性和发光效率都得到改善。不同阱层厚度可以实现发射峰的变化最终实现GaN基芯片的宽蓝光波长发射,与黄光荧光粉封装在一起能有效改善荧光转换白光LED的显色性。
附图说明
图1 不同半高宽的蓝光芯片发射光谱。
图 2 (a)传统垒层和阱层厚度不变的多量子阱活性层LED与(b)垒层和阱层厚度渐变的多量子阱活性层LED的外延结构示意图。
图 3 垒层和阱层渐变的多量子阱活性层芯片与YAG:Ce黄光荧光粉封装的白光LED的发射光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、设备和方法为本技术领域常规市购的试剂、设备和常规使用的方法。
现有GaN基LED外延片结构的衬底材料可采用蓝宝石、SiC、Si、GaN等。低温缓冲层可采用低温GaN层、低温AlN层等等。在采用GaN为衬底时可以不生长低温缓冲层和未掺杂GaN层。多量子阱结构有InGaN/GaN结构、InGaN/AlGaN结构、InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN结构等等。
本专利中传统垒层和阱层厚度不变的多量子阱活性层LED外延片结构示意图见图2(a)。其结构从下至上依次为衬底、GaN缓冲层、GaN本征层、n-GaN层、6~8个周期的InGaN/GaN多量子阱量子阱、p-AlGaN电子阻挡层和p-GaN层。垒层和阱层厚度渐变的多量子阱活性层LED外延片的结构如图2(b)所示,InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的InGaN阱层的厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐增大,而GaN垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐减小。
其制备方法为:
1. 采用GaN专用MOCVD,升温至1000℃在氢气氛围下烘烤衬底10分钟;
2. 降温至480℃,在衬底上生长厚度为30 nm的GaN低温度缓冲层;
3. 升温至1050℃,生长厚度为2 μm的未掺杂GaN层;
4. 在1050℃的温度下生长厚度为2 μm的n-GaN:Si层;
5. 将温度降至700℃分别生长6个周期的In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN量子阱,垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向分别为16 nm、14 nm、12 nm、10 nm、8 nm、6 nm、4 nm,而阱层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向分别为2.0 nm、2.2 nm、2.4 nm、2.6 nm、2.8 nm、3.0nm。
6. 在1050℃的温度下生长厚度为20 nm的p-Al0.15Ga0.85N:Mg层;
7. 在600℃的温度下生长厚度为200 nm的空穴浓度为5x1017cm-3的p-GaN:Mg层。
8. 将外延片经过光刻、腐蚀、ICP刻蚀、蒸镀电极、合金、研磨、划片、裂片、测试和分选等标准的芯片制备工艺制备出尺寸为300 μm x 300 μm的芯片。
阱层和垒层渐变的宽蓝光波长芯片与封装支架固晶、烘烤和焊线等工艺,而YAG:Ce荧光粉和环氧树脂或硅胶混合、搅拌和除气等工艺,然后将YAG:Ce荧光粉和环氧树脂或硅胶混合物点胶到经过固晶焊线后的支架上,并进一步烘烤定型制备出宽蓝光波长芯片激发YAG:Ce荧光粉的白光LED。图3表示宽蓝光波长芯片与YAG:Ce荧光粉封装成白光LED的发射光谱图。其中:宽蓝光波长发射峰是来自阱层和垒层渐变的In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN多量子阱的发射,而570 nm则是来自宽蓝光激发YAG:Ce荧光粉的发射。
Claims (9)
1.一种GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,从衬底开始,依次为GaN缓冲层、GaN本征层、n-GaN层、InGaN/GaN多量子阱层、p-AlGaN层和p-GaN层,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱层由InGaN阱层和GaN垒层交替叠加而成,其特征在于,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的InGaN阱层的厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐增大,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱活性层的GaN垒层厚度从n-GaN到p-GaN方向逐渐减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,所述的InGaN/GaN多量子阱层中的量子阱的数量为4~6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,所述的InGaN阱层厚度,从n-GaN到p-GaN方向,由2 nm递增到3 nm,所述的GaN垒层厚度,从n-GaN到p-GaN方向,由16 nm递减到4 nm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,所述的递增为等差递增,所述的递减为等差递减。
5.根据权利要求1所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,InGaN阱层中In的摩尔量为Ga和In的总量的15~18%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的GaN宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,所述的p-GaN层掺有受主Mg,所述的n-GaN层掺有施主Si。
7.根据权利要求1所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长LED外延片,其特征在于,所述的衬底为蓝宝石、硅、SiC或GaN中的一种。
8.一种白光LED,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的GaN基宽蓝光波长芯片与黄光荧光粉结合封装而成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的白光LED,其特征在于,所述的白光LED的发射峰值的范围在550~590nm,所述黄光荧光粉为YAG:Ce+、硅酸盐、铝酸盐或氮化物中的一种。
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CN103779462A (zh) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-07 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 一种提高发光效率的led结构 |
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CN103996768A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 西安神光皓瑞光电科技有限公司 | 一种用于光电器件的多量子阱结构 |
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