CN103498023B - Prevent the method for rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle - Google Patents
Prevent the method for rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle, described method comprises: (1) improves flash trimming, angle with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area, reduce limit, angle with the temperature difference between outside surface and limit, angle, reduce the tensile stress of its intersection; (2) reduce the rate of cooling at limit, angle place, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the temperature difference of exterior surface area, reduction limit, angle and limit, angle are with the tensile stress of exterior surface area intersection; (3) in water-sky alternately quench cooled technique, by extending method increase limit, the angle place self-tempering degree of the air cooling time after initial shrend several times, reduce the degree of supersaturation that carbon in the limit of martensitic transformation, angular zone martensite has occurred, the ability that the opposing improving interface surfaces place beyond limit, angle and limit, angle is ftractureed.Employing the present invention can realize obtaining the intensity of requirement and the object of toughness rectangle alloy steel piece replaces in quench cooled the prerequisite avoiding ftractureing in shrend and water-sky under.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat treated quench cooled field, particularly, relate to a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle.
Background technology
Quench cooled refers to and is cooled with suitable speed by the steel of austenite structure state, obtains the process of intended tissue and performance.Steel except structure and properties changes, also ftractures and distortion along with generation in quench cooled process.Hardening break will cause quenching part to scrap, and therefore, people take various method to avoid the generation of hardening break.
Quenching part, particularly rectangle alloy steel piece quench cooled, quenching crack has more the position at present limit (two surperficial intersecting lens) and angle (three surperficial joining).These position radiating conditions are better than other position, structural transformation amount is also more than other position, all there were significant differences to cause the plasticity of these positions and its near zone, breaking resistance, structural stress and thermal stresses, and this is also the major cause that these area are easy to ftracture.
Through finding prior art literature search, patent 200710037031.4 " changing the method that spray angle prevents the end face spray quenching of quenching part from ftractureing ", invent a kind of method changing spray angle and prevent the end face spray quenching of quenching part from ftractureing, the method quenching part is placed on be furnished with water pipe quenching apparatus among, quenching part is made up of side and end face, side is the face needing cooling fast, and end face is the face not needing cooling fast.The side of quenching part is parallel with water pipe, and the end face of quenching part is vertical with water pipe.Quenchant flows through water pipe, and the jet pipe being a angle (a is between 0 ° ~ 90 °) by water pipe sprays to the side of quenching part, and the side of quenching part is well cooled.Because the end face of quenching part is vertical with water pipe, the quenchant of jet pipe ejection and the end face of quenching part are 90 ° of-a angles, the quenchant of such jet pipe ejection just fails directly to be sprayed onto the end face of quenching part, and result is that the speed of cooling of the end face of quenching part is lower, avoids the generation of cracking.But practical situations is, the water spray means that this invention adopts fails directly to be sprayed onto the end face that quenching part is easy to occur limit, chink line, and result causes end face and limit, the stress of angle intersection increases, and could not solve the problem of limit, angle hardening break.
Find after deliberation, the hardening break feature of rectangle alloy steel piece under water-sky alternately quench cooled technique is as follows:
(1) position that crackle frequently occurs is limit or angular zone, and the frequency appearing at angular zone is greater than and appears at edge regions;
(2) crack form is macroscopic tiny crack, and crack orientation is be 45° angle with cracking plane, extends to another face at composition limit or angle or two faces, and the distance at crack depth and crackle distance limit, angle is close;
(3) face of crackle only in three faces at composition angle occurs, and appear at that the fastest face of rate of cooling, that is, crackle appears at the angle of that the fastest end face of cooling; Equally, a face only in two faces on composition limit occurs crackle, and appears at that the fastest face of rate of cooling;
(4) crackle to mostly occur before in water-sky alternately quench cooled technique several times after powerful water-cooled.
Summary of the invention
For prior art above shortcomings, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle, employing the method can realize obtaining the intensity of requirement and the object of toughness rectangle alloy steel piece replaces in quench cooled the prerequisite avoiding ftractureing in shrend and water-sky under.
For realizing above object, the invention provides a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle, described method is as follows:
(1), improve flash trimming, angle with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area, reduce limit, angle with the temperature difference between exterior surface area and limit, angle, reduce the tensile stress of its intersection;
(2), reduce the rate of cooling at limit, angle place, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the temperature difference of exterior surface area, reduction limit, angle and limit, angle are with the tensile stress of exterior surface area intersection;
(3), in water-sky alternately quench cooled technique, by extending method increase limit, the angle place self-tempering degree of the air cooling time after initial shrend several times, reduce the degree of supersaturation that carbon in the limit of martensitic transformation, angular zone martensite has occurred, improve the ability ftractureed with the opposing of exterior surface area intersection in limit, angle and limit, angle.
3 above measures can use simultaneously, can any 2 combinationally use, also can be used alone.
Measure 1 in 3 above measures and measure 2 are all reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the temperature difference of exterior surface area for target, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the tensile stress of exterior surface area intersection, concrete mode is: in measure 1, improve flash trimming, angle with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area as far as possible, make its rate of cooling close to or equal the rate of cooling at limit, angle; In measure 2, reduce the rate of cooling at limit, angle as far as possible, make its rate of cooling close to or equal flash trimming, angle with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area.Its principle is limit, angle cools to temperature close to Ms point or Bs point with exterior surface area, because its volumetric shrinkage causes itself and limit, angle intersection to be in tensile stress state, this intersection has been in nonplastic state at such a temperature, and in addition adjacent with it limit, angle have defined the duricrust of the high and poor toughness of intensity be made up of martensite or bainite; Therefore, because surface volume beyond limit, angle is shunk, between limit, angle and limit, angle are with exterior surface area, occur that the possibility of crackle increases, there will be severe quenching crack.Employing measure (1), the rate of cooling improving the surf zone beyond flash trimming, angle can make this region while martensite or bainitic transformation (volumetric expansion) occur for limit, angle, surf zone beyond flash trimming, angle also cool to Ms point or the following temperature (generating portion martensite or bainitic transformation (volumetric expansion)) of Bs point, so just effectively can avoid the generation of ftractureing; Employing measure (2), reduce the rate of cooling at limit, angle place, object be also on limit, there is martensite or bainitic transformation simultaneously in angle place, limit, angle also can generating portion martensite or bainitic transformations with exterior surface area, thus reduce the tensile stress of the asynchronous generation of harmomegathus therebetween.Reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the concrete data of the temperature difference of exterior surface area because material is different different and different with size, but be reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the temperature difference of exterior surface area 600-300 DEG C of temperature range under normal circumstances, this temperature difference less hardening break tendency is less.
The enforcement of the measure 3 in 3 above measures meets under in cooling subsequently, limit, angle still can obtain with exterior surface area and internal layer thereof the prerequisite requiring structure and properties in guarantee, extend the air cooling time after initial shrend several times, the concrete time is also different different with size and different according to material as far as possible.
Preferably, described method by the following method conbined usage to improve actual effect:
(1) strengthen the chamfer dimesion at limit, angle, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the stress between outside surface.Chamfer dimesion >=10*45 ° should be controlled in the ordinary course of things;
(2) reduce the surfaceness on limit, angular zone and composition limit, each surface, angle, avoid there are obvious mechanical workout tool marks, reduce stress raiser.Surfaceness (Ra) Numerical Control on general limit, angular zone and composition limit, each surface, angle is below 12.5.
Preferably, described shrend, had both comprised the conventional shrend in thermal treatment, also comprised the quench cooled processing method that all kinds of water-soluble medium quenches, water-sky replaces quench cooled, double quenching cools as shrend+oil cooling, shrend+water-soluble medium.
Preferably, described shrend also can be immersion, water spray or spraying.
Preferably, described alloy steel piece is all kinds of mechanical structured member, forging or rolled piece, and its material is the steel alloy of various composition, and its shape is rectangle alloy steel piece; Described method is applicable to the quench cooled process of alloy steel piece.
More preferably, described rectangle alloy steel piece is cubes or the rectangular parallelepiped with multiple limit and angle, or the irregularly shaped object be made up of two or more cubess or rectangular parallelepiped.
Described limit is the surperficial intersecting lens of rectangle alloy steel piece two and near zone thereof;
Described angle is the surperficial joining of rectangle alloy steel piece three and near zone thereof;
Described limit, angle are the part except trimming, angular zone in each surface at rectangle alloy steel piece composition limit, angle with exterior surface area;
Described internal layer refers to that region within limit, angle and limit, angle are with the region within exterior surface area.
In quench cooled process the process of cooling at each position and STRESS VARIATION as follows:
(1) for rectangle alloy steel piece, form two intersection surface close regions on limit owing to being in two sides heat radiation, forming three intersection surface close regions at angle owing to being in three heat radiations, rate of temperature fall is much larger than other region beyond flash trimming, angle; Initial cooling stages after austenitizing, due to edge regions, angular zone, (be called for short " limit, angle " rate of cooling in this patent faster than other position, tensile stress is born at the limit, the angle that are in contraction schedule; Now, because the temperature at limit, angle starts transition temperature (being called for short: Bs point) far above martensite start temperature (being called for short: Ms point) or bainite, limit, angle and flash trimming, angle are all in plastic state with exterior surface area, therefore occur that crackle possibility is less in this stage;
(2), after below limit, angle greenhouse cooling to Ms point or Bs point, limit, angle, based on transformation stress, are in volumetric expansion state, bear stress, and the surf zone temperature outside limit, angle is in contraction schedule higher than Ms point or Bs point and bears tensile stress; Now, because flash trimming, angle are still higher with exterior surface area temperature, are still in plastic state, occur that crackle possibility is also less;
(3) cooling is continued, flash trimming, angle cool to temperature close to Ms point or Bs point with exterior surface area, flash trimming, angle with exterior surface area because volumetric shrinkage is in tensile stress state, limit, angle and flash trimming, angle have been in nonplastic state with the intersection of exterior surface area at such a temperature, and in addition adjacent with it limit, angle have defined the duricrust of the high and poor toughness of intensity be made up of martensite or bainite; Therefore, because surface section volume beyond flash trimming, angle shrinks, between limit, angle and flash trimming, angle are with exterior surface area, occur that the possibility of crackle increases, quenching crack generally appears at this stage.
(4) along with temperature declines further, flash trimming, angle cool to after below Ms point or Bs point with exterior surface area, flash trimming, angle, with exterior surface area generation martensite or bainitic transformation generation volumetric expansion, cause on itself and limit, the tensile stress of angle intersection decline, reduce the probability that crackle produces.
In above-mentioned steps, step (3) is the key link cracked, and just can avoid ftractureing or reducing the degree of cracking as long as take appropriate measures in this link.And take the present invention to propose before the step (3) prevent rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, probability that highly effective reduction crackle produces by the method for the aperature of angle.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
A kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle of the present invention, employing the method can realize obtaining the intensity of requirement and the object of toughness rectangle alloy steel piece replaces in quench cooled the prerequisite avoiding ftractureing in shrend and water-sky under.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is the side-view of the relative position schematic diagram of rectangular-shaped piece and jet pipe and nozzle.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the relative position schematic diagram of rectangular-shaped piece and jet pipe and nozzle.
In figure: 1 be above rectangular-shaped piece, 2 be jet pipe above, 3 for nozzle, 4 be above side jet pipe, 5 be rectangular-shaped piece side, 6 be rectangular-shaped piece end face, 7 for jet pipe, 8 be below followed nozzle, 9 for below rectangular-shaped piece, 10 be the oblique nozzle in side, 11 be lateral vertical nozzle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Process material is medium carbon alloy steel forging, is of a size of 5000(long) * 1500(is wide) * 200(is thick) (mm), require quenching rear surface to the position mechanical property of thickness 1/4 higher than requiring.
Technique: the alternately time quenching cooling of water-sky, medium is water and air.
In quench cooled process, cracking is produced for avoiding limit, angular position, adopt the method (1) preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle of the present invention, that is: flash trimming, angle is improved with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area, reduce limit, angle with the temperature difference between exterior surface area and limit, angle, reduce the tensile stress of its intersection.
Concrete grammar is in cooling the soonest, the easiest 200mm thickness x cross sectional cracked at limit, angle takes rapid cooling measure to flash trimming, angle with exterior surface area, that is: in execution water-sky alternately time quenching process for cooling process, strengthen to flash trimming, angle with the cooling intensity of exterior surface area in immersion process of cooling, as implemented powerful water spray to this position; As needs, also can continue to implement powerful water-spraying control to this position in the air cooling stage.
In quench cooled process, cracking is produced for avoiding limit, angular position, adopt the device preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle of the present invention, apparatus structure as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2: this device comprises: above rectangular-shaped piece 1, rectangular-shaped piece side 5, rectangular-shaped piece end face 6,9 be quenching each cooled face of object below rectangular-shaped piece; Above jet pipe 2 and above nozzle 3 form above spray to quench assembly; Jet pipe 7 and followed nozzle 8 form lower spray and to quench assembly below; Side jet pipe 4, the oblique nozzle 10 in side and lateral vertical nozzle 11 form side spray and to quench assembly; Above nozzle 3 along on jet pipe 2 above the axis direction of jet pipe 2 is above arranged in and with jet pipe 2 axes normal above, above above the water spraying direction of nozzle 3 and rectangular-shaped piece 1 in β angle; Followed nozzle 8 along on jet pipe 8 below the axis direction of jet pipe 7 is below arranged in and with jet pipe 8 axes normal below, below the water spraying direction of followed nozzle 8 and rectangular-shaped piece, 9 in β angle; The oblique nozzle 10 in side and lateral vertical nozzle 11 laterally jet pipe 4 axis direction distribution, wherein: lateral vertical nozzle 11 is arranged on the middle part of side jet pipe 4, its water spraying direction is vertical with rectangular-shaped piece side 5, the oblique nozzle 10 in side is arranged on the position, both sides of side jet pipe 4, and its water spraying direction and rectangular-shaped piece end face 6 are in α angle.
After being transported to described jet pipe 2 above as the water of quenchant by described nozzle 3 above with rectangular-shaped piece above 1 to spray to above rectangular-shaped piece 1 in β angle; Equally, after being transported to described jet pipe 7 below as the water of quenchant by described followed nozzle 8 with rectangular-shaped piece below 9 to spray to below rectangular-shaped piece 9 in β angle; Rectangular-shaped piece side 5 is sprayed to by described lateral vertical nozzle 11 after being transported to described side jet pipe 4 as the water of quenchant, spray to rectangular-shaped piece end face 6 by described side oblique nozzle 10 part simultaneously, part sprays to rectangular-shaped piece side 5, the water spraying direction that the oblique nozzle 10 in wherein said side sprays to rectangular-shaped piece end face 6 is α angle with rectangular-shaped piece end face 6.
Adopt said apparatus, before this alloy steel forging being carried out to immersion liquid quenching, water-spraying control is carried out to this alloy steel forging according to above-mentioned working process quenching, then this alloy steel forging is submerged and realize Homogeneous cooling, above rectangular-shaped piece 1, rectangular-shaped piece side 5, below rectangular-shaped piece end face 6 and rectangular-shaped piece, 9 are obtained for good water-spraying control, solve because of rectangular-shaped piece limit, angle and end face, above and below cooling conditions difference is large and cause its structural stress and the thermal stresses problem that there were significant differences, thus avoid the limit in these faces, angle cracks because cooling between too fast and each.
Method of the present invention is taked can effectively to avoid limit, the aperature of angle.
Embodiment 2
Process material is medium carbon alloy steel, is of a size of 5000(long) * 1500(is wide) * 200(is thick) (mm), require quenching rear surface to the position mechanical property of thickness 1/4 higher than requiring.
Technique: an immersion liquid quench cooled.Quenchant is: polymer class water-soluble quenching medium
In quench cooled process, cracking is produced for avoiding limit, angular position, adopt the method (2) preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle of the present invention, that is: the rate of cooling at limit, angle place is reduced, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the temperature difference of exterior surface area, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the tensile stress of exterior surface area intersection.
Concrete grammar takes coated measure at all angles and edge position, and coating shape is angle and the limit of profiling, and coating material is soft steel can be maybe the coating reducing rate of cooling; The object reducing limit, angle rate of cooling is achieved by opposite side, the coated of angle.
Method of the present invention is taked can effectively to avoid limit, the aperature of angle.
Embodiment 3
Process material is medium carbon alloy steel, is of a size of 5000(long) * 1500(is wide) * 200(is thick) (mm), require quenching rear surface to the position mechanical property of thickness 1/4 higher than requiring.
Technique: the alternately time quenching cooling of water-sky, medium is water and air.
In quench cooled process, cracking is produced for avoiding limit, angular position, adopt the method (3) preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle of the present invention, that is: arranged by quench cooled technique, increase the self-tempering time, reduce the degree of supersaturation that carbon in the limit of martensitic transformation, angle martensite has occurred, improve the ability of limit, angle opposing cracking.
Concrete grammar is the proper extension water-sky alternately air cooling time of time quenching in cooling after initial water-cooled several times, make limit, angle that martensitic transformation spot temperature occur, in martensite, the degree of supersaturation of carbon declines, the toughness of tissue improves and stress is discharged, thus effectively prevent the generation of limit, the aperature of angle.
Employing the method for the invention can realize obtaining the intensity of requirement and the object of toughness rectangle alloy steel piece replaces in quench cooled the prerequisite avoiding ftractureing in shrend and water-sky under.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. prevent a method for rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle, it is characterized in that, described method adopts following (1), or adopts following (1) and (2) combination:
(1), improve flash trimming, angle with the rate of cooling of exterior surface area, reduce limit, angle with the temperature difference between outside surface and limit, angle, reduce the tensile stress of its intersection; Comprise and the end face of rectangle alloy steel piece is cooled;
(2), in water-sky alternately quench cooled technique, by extending method increase limit, the angle place self-tempering degree of the air cooling time after initial shrend several times, reduce the degree of supersaturation that carbon in the limit of martensitic transformation, angular zone martensite has occurred, the ability that the opposing improving interface surfaces place beyond limit, angle and limit, angle is ftractureed;
Described limit is the surperficial intersecting lens of rectangle alloy steel piece two and near zone thereof;
Described angle is the surperficial joining of rectangle alloy steel piece three and near zone thereof;
Described limit, angle are the part except trimming, angular zone in each surface at rectangle alloy steel piece composition limit, angle with exterior surface area;
In quench cooled process, cracking is produced for avoiding limit, angular position, adopt and prevent the device of rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle, this device comprises: above rectangular-shaped piece, rectangular-shaped piece side, rectangular-shaped piece end face, be quenching each cooled face of object below rectangular-shaped piece; Above jet pipe and above above nozzle composition spray to quench assembly; Jet pipe and the lower spray of followed nozzle composition is below quenched assembly; Side jet pipe, the oblique nozzle in side and lateral vertical nozzle composition side spray is quenched assembly; Nozzle is arranged in above on jet pipe and with nozzle axis is vertical above along the axis direction of jet pipe above above, above be β angle above the water spraying direction of nozzle and rectangular-shaped piece; Followed nozzle is arranged in below on jet pipe and with nozzle axis is vertical, be β angle below the water spraying direction of followed nozzle and rectangular-shaped piece below along the axis direction of jet pipe below; The oblique nozzle in side and lateral vertical nozzle laterally jet pipe axis direction distribution, wherein: lateral vertical nozzle is arranged on the middle part of side jet pipe, its water spraying direction and rectangular-shaped piece lateral vertical, the oblique nozzle in side is arranged on the position, both sides of side jet pipe, and its water spraying direction and rectangular-shaped piece end face are α angle;
After quenchant is transported to described jet pipe above by described nozzle above with rectangular-shaped piece above spray to above rectangular-shaped piece in β angle; Equally, after being transported to described jet pipe below as the water of quenchant by described followed nozzle with rectangular-shaped piece below spray to below rectangular-shaped piece in β angle; Rectangular-shaped piece side is sprayed to by described lateral vertical nozzle after being transported to described side jet pipe as the water of quenchant, spray to rectangular-shaped piece end face by the oblique nozzle segment in described side simultaneously, part sprays to rectangular-shaped piece side, the oblique nozzle in wherein said side sprays to the water spraying direction of rectangular-shaped piece end face and rectangular-shaped piece end face is α angle.
2. a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method by following measures conbined usage to improve actual effect:
(1) strengthen the chamfer dimesion at limit, angle, reduce limit, angle and limit, angle with the stress between exterior surface area, namely control chamfer dimesion >=10*45 °;
(2) reduce the surfaceness at limit, angular zone and composition limit, each of angle, avoid there are obvious mechanical workout tool marks, reduce stress raiser, namely the surface roughness Ra Numerical Control at limit, angular zone and composition limit, each of angle is below 12.5.
3. a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described shrend, had both comprised the conventional shrend in thermal treatment, also comprised the quenching of all kinds of water-soluble medium, water-sky alternately quench cooled, double quenching.
4. a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, described shrend, or adopts immersion, water spray or spraying to replace.
5. a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described alloy steel piece is all kinds of mechanical structured member, forging or rolled piece, and its material is the steel alloy of various composition, and its shape is rectangle alloy steel piece.
6. a kind of method preventing rectangle alloy steel piece shrend limit, the aperature of angle according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described rectangle alloy steel piece is cubes or the rectangular parallelepiped with multiple limit and angle, or the irregularly shaped object be made up of two or more cubess or rectangular parallelepiped.
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| CN104975148B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2018-06-19 | 江阴东邦钢球机械有限公司 | A kind of method of steel ball or the double quenching of steel forging |
| CN105112613A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-02 | 江阴东邦钢球机械有限公司 | Method for producing steel balls through stamping and rounding |
| CN108359904B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-11-15 | 南通大学 | The heat treatment method of state electric armour clamp black brittleness is forged under the conditions of a kind of improvement is extremely cold |
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