CN102337385B - Multi-cycle quenching-partitioning-tempering (M Q-P-T) technique - Google Patents
Multi-cycle quenching-partitioning-tempering (M Q-P-T) technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-cycle quenching-partitioning-tempering (M Q-P-T) technique, belonging to the field of thermal processing technologies. The technique disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: dividing a workpiece with a large section into a plurality of regions from the surface to the centre part along the section, and making an MQ-P-T technique for the workpiece in combination with an isothermal cooling transformation curve of the workpiece; through alternately cooling the workpiece in a medium capable of quickly cooling and a medium capable of slowly cooling for many times, realizing a Q-P-T technique process in each alternate cooling of quick cooling and slow cooling; and gradually finishing martensitic transformation and carbon-rich retained austenite generation from the surface layer to the internal layer in the technique. The technique can be used for quenching and cooling processes of various types of mechanical structure members, thick plates directly quenched after rolling and various types of large-size profile steels which are made of microalloyed steels or alloy steels containing various types of components. According to the application of the technique disclosed by the invention, the purpose of obviously improving strength and toughness of large-size workpieces is achieved on the premise of avoiding cracking.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of thermal treatment process of all kinds of mechanical structured members, the slab that rolls rear direct quenching and all kinds of large size shaped steel being carried out quench cooled, specifically a kind of many circulation " quenching-distribution-tempering " technique.
Background technology
Q-tempering is (hereinafter to be referred as Q﹠amp; T) be a kind of traditional technique, it is heated to the austenitic area with workpiece, then be quenched to room temperature to obtain martensitic stucture, be incubated for some time in suitable temperature subsequently and carry out tempering to obtain tempered martensite and carbide tissue, the thermal treatment that this technique is used to widely to need high strength and has certain plasticity and toughness workpiece.Q﹠amp; T technique is used in the direct quenching after the rolling of workpiece such as shaped steel or steel plate and is found, has the problem of hardening break and plasticity deficiency.Through the prior art literature search is found, Xu Zuyao. the heat treated novel process of steel. thermal treatment, 2007,22 (1): the 1-11 article proposes " quenching-distribution-tempering process " (hereinafter to be referred as Q-P-T), this technology is on the basis of steel product ingredient design, by the steel that adopt three steps of quenching-distribution-tempering can obtain to have high strength and high tenacity.This technique is heated to the austenite transformation temperature district with workpiece, then quenching is to certain temperature between martensite start temperature (Ms) and the end temp (Mf), this temperature is called quenching temperature (hereinafter to be referred as the Tq temperature), to obtain martensitic stucture, then be incubated the process of for some time realization distribution and tempering in this Tq temperature or on the Tq temperature, realize that namely carbon distributes (diffusion) to separate out (tempering) with carbide from the supersaturation martensitic matrix to austenite from supersaturation martensite.Because the Tq temperature in " quenching-distribution-tempering " technique is far above Chuan TongQ ﹠amp; Tq temperature (being generally room temperature) in the T technique, therefore effectively weakened the tearing tendency of quenching and causing, the simultaneously distribution of carbon makes more rich carbon retained austenite exist at ambient-temp-stable, thereby has significantly improved the plasticity of workpiece, has higher strength and ductility product (MPa%).
The key that realizes Q-P-T technique is control Tq temperature or the soaking time on the Tq temperature, and for the workpiece of equivalent size less than certain value, the single quench cooled can well realize the Q-P-T technological process along most of zone in workpiece cross section.For the workpiece of equivalent size greater than certain value, if the single quench cooled time is too short, the Q-P-T technological process only can occur on the top layer, and the top layer will be mainly perlite with interior tissue, the top layer may occur in the air cooling stage subsequently and rise again and be higher than the tempering temperature of workpiece; If single quench cooled overlong time then can occur ftractures and because of top layer Tq temperature cross low affect subsequently distribution and drawing process carry out degree, the Q-P-T process only may occur in time top layer, inferior top layer with interior section's tissue still take perlite as main.Therefore, Q-P-T technique is adapted at using on the less workpiece of equivalent size.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the prior art above shortcomings, propose a kind of many circulating quenchings-distribution-tempering process (hereinafter to be referred as M Q-P-T), realized that large-size workpiece significantly improves the target of intensity and toughness under the prerequisite of avoiding ftractureing.For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions: heavy in section workpiece is partly become a plurality of zones along the cross section, formulate the M Q-P-T technique of this workpiece in conjunction with the isothermal transformation cooling curve (TTT curve) of this workpiece material from the surface to the heart.By workpiece is repeatedly alternately cooled off at the medium that can realize fast cooling with in the medium that can realize Slow cooling, realize the Q-P-T technological process in the alternately cooling of each fast cooling and Slow cooling, martensitic transformation and rich carbon residual austenite generate and are progressively advanced to internal layer by the top layer in this technique.This technique can be that the microalloyed steel of various compositions or the quench cooled of all kinds of mechanical structured members of steel alloy, the slab that rolls rear direct quenching and all kinds of large size shaped steel are processed for material.
The many circulating quenchings of the present invention-distribution-tempering process specifically comprises following operation:
(1) heavy in section workpiece is partly become a plurality of zones along the cross section from the surface to the heart, for example h1 layer (top layer), h2 layer (internal layer 1), h3 layer (internal layer 2) ... hn layer (heart section), according to the parameters such as the isothermal transformation cooling curve (TTT curve) of workpiece material and interface heat exchange coefficient to workpiece in the temperature field of process of cooling, tissue and stress/strain field carry out numerical simulation, by simulate determine h1 layer, h2 layer, h3 layer ... the technique that Q-P-T changes, i.e. M Q-P-T technique occur in the hm layer;
(2) technological process of Q-P-T technique is for the first time: the quench cooled that workpiece is realized Q-P-T technique in the medium (or type of cooling) that can realize fast cooling at h1 layer (top layer), this moment, the h1 layer of workpiece was cooled to the Tq temperature range, portion of tissue generation martensitic transformation, workpiece is placed into the slowly middle distribution-drawing process that realizes the h1 layer tissue that spreads out of that relies on internal heat of medium (or type of cooling) of speed of cooling subsequently;
(3) technological process of Q-P-T technique is for the second time: after the first time, the Q-P-T technological process finished, again workpiece is realized the quench cooled of the Q-P-T technique of h2 layer (internal layer 1) in the medium (or type of cooling) that can realize fast cooling, this moment, the Q-P-T transition process occured in the h1 layer (top layer) of workpiece, this time fast in the cooling h1 layer (top layer) to have the part Transformation of Retained Austenite be martensite, but because self-tempering has occured and has still had part high-carbon residual austenite to remain to room temperature in the martensite of for the first time Q-P-T process transformation, so cooling can't cause the cracking on h1 layer (top layer) fast again, and this quick cooling can make the high temperature austenite attitude tissue of h2 layer be cooled to the Tq temperature range and martensitic transformation occurs, be placed into the distribution-drawing process that realizes the h2 layer tissue that spreads out of that speed of cooling relies on internal heat slowly in the medium (or type of cooling) at workpiece subsequently, make to form that martensitic stucture produces tempering and carbide is further separated out from martensite, the rich carbon residual austenite of h2 layer martensite peripheral part is residual to room temperature simultaneously;
(4) according to above-mentioned same mode can realize successively h3 layer, h4 layer ..., the hn layer the Q-P-T technological process, not only effectively eliminate thus and weaken hardening break tendency, and reach desired properties by the successively accumulation of tempered martensite amount and rich carbon remained austenite content.
In the technique of the present invention, the number of times of many circulations (M) of the M Q-P-T that specifically takes should be according to the performance requriements of the composition of material, sectional dimension, workpiece and is determined.
The application of technique of the present invention has realized that large-size workpiece significantly improves the target of intensity and toughness under the prerequisite of avoiding ftractureing.Workpiece of the present invention can be all kinds of mechanical structured members, the slab that rolls rear direct quenching and all kinds of large size shaped steel.Workpiece material of the present invention is microalloyed steel or the steel alloy of various compositions.
Embodiment
The below elaborates to embodiments of the invention, and the present embodiment is implemented as prerequisite take technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the 42CrMo axle class part of M Q-P-T art breading diameter 150mm.Require to quench with high tempering after be the radius of axle apart from surperficial 1/2R(R) mechanical property located is higher than a certain index.M Q-P-T technique realizes that the medium of cooling is water fast, realizes that the medium of Slow cooling is air.
According to parameters such as the isothermal transformation cooling curve (TTT curve) of workpiece material and interface heat exchange coefficients to the temperature field of workpiece in process of cooling, numerical simulation is carried out in tissue field and stress/strain field, according to numerical simulation result, determine respectively at the surperficial 0-20mm layer of distance, the 20-30mm layer, the M Q-P-T technique that Q-P-T changes occurs in the 30-35mm layer, i.e. the 1st shrend time 180s, the time of the 1st air cooling is 20s, the 2nd shrend time 120s, the time of the 2nd air cooling is 15s, the 3rd shrend time 80s, the 3rd air cooling is to room temperature, be higher than required value according to the mechanical property apart from surperficial 1/2R place behind this technique quench cooled and the high tempering, and produce without cracking.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the thick microalloyed steel of M Q-P-T art breading 50mm to roll plate accessory, M Q-P-T procedure arrangement is after milling train.Requirement tensile strength and surrender of 1/4 section thickness from the surface to thickness of material after M Q-P-T art breading determines to be higher than certain index (namely requiring to obtain take tempered martensite as main tissue), simultaneously requirement has been proposed for unit elongation and low-temperature impact toughness, the long plate surface appearance cracking that rolls cooling time can appear in the mode that adopts traditional once water spray to cool off fast, and cooling time, too short performance index did not reach the problem of requirement.
The present embodiment adopts M Q-P-T technique to solve this problem.Realize that the medium that fast cooling is adopted is water, realize that the medium that Slow cooling adopts is air, fast cooling is to arrange several sections strong cooling sections that can realize fast cooling (spray water or wear water) in the milling train back, arranges the one section air cooling zone that can realize Slow cooling in each strong cooling section back.
According to parameters such as the isothermal transformation cooling curve (TTT curve) of workpiece material and interface heat exchange coefficients to the temperature field of workpiece in process of cooling, numerical simulation is carried out in tissue field and stress/strain field, according to numerical simulation result, determine respectively at the surperficial 0-10mm layer of distance, the M Q-P-T technique that Q-P-T changes occurs in the 10-15mm layer, i.e. the 1st shrend time 50s, the time of the 1st air cooling is 8s, the 2nd shrend time 40s, the 2nd air cooling is to room temperature, according to after this technique quench cooled the mechanical property in 1/4 thickness area is higher than required value along the cross section far from the surface, and produce without cracking.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the H13 plug of M Q-P-T art breading diameter 300mm, requirement surperficial 1/2R(R of distance of material after M Q-P-T art breading is the radius of axle) locate to such an extent that mechanical property is higher than certain value, adopt the polymer class water-soluble medium in conjunction with this product of M Q-P-T art breading.
At first, according to parameters such as the isothermal transformation cooling curve (TTT curve) of workpiece material and interface heat exchange coefficients to the temperature field of workpiece in process of cooling, numerical simulation is carried out in tissue field and stress/strain field, according to numerical simulation result, determine respectively at the surperficial 0-20mm layer of distance, the 20-55mm layer, the 55-65mm layer, the M Q-P-T technique that Q-P-T changes occurs in the 65-75mm layer, i.e. the 1st shrend time 300s, the time of the 1st air cooling is 120s, the 2nd shrend time 600s, the time of the 2nd air cooling is 180s, the 3rd shrend time 480s, the time of the 3rd air cooling is 180s, the 4th shrend time 480s, the 4th air cooling is to advance tempering stove about 250 ℃ to carry out tempering to surface temperature, meets the requirements by product performance after this art breading.
Can find out from above-described embodiment, the present invention is by repeatedly alternately cooling off workpiece at the medium that can realize fast cooling with in the medium that can realize Slow cooling, realize the Q-P-T technological process in the alternately cooling of each fast cooling and Slow cooling, martensitic transformation and rich carbon residual austenite generate and are progressively advanced to internal layer by the top layer in this technique.The present invention can be that the microalloyed steel of various compositions or the quench cooled of all kinds of mechanical structured members of steel alloy, the slab that rolls rear direct quenching and all kinds of large size shaped steel are processed for material.The application of technique of the present invention has realized that large-size workpiece significantly improves the target of intensity and toughness under the prerequisite of avoiding ftractureing.
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. circulating quenching-distribution-tempering process more than a kind, it is characterized in that: heavy in section workpiece is partly become a plurality of zones along the cross section from the surface to the heart, according to the isothermal transformation cooling curve of this workpiece material and interface heat exchange coefficient parameter to workpiece in the temperature field of process of cooling, tissue and stress/strain field carry out numerical simulation, determine this workpiece many circulating quenchings-distribution-tempering process is M Q-P-T technique; According to the M Q-P-T technique of determining, workpiece is repeatedly alternately cooled off at the medium that can realize fast cooling with in the medium that can realize Slow cooling, realize that quenching-distribution-tempering process is the Q-P-T technological process in the alternately cooling of each fast cooling and Slow cooling, martensitic transformation and rich carbon residual austenite generate and are progressively advanced to internal layer by the top layer in this technique;
Described method operates according to following steps:
(1) heavy in section workpiece is partly become a plurality of zones along the cross section from the surface to the heart: the h1 layer be top layer, h2 layer be internal layer 1, h3 layer be internal layer 2 ... the hn layer is heart section, isothermal transformation cooling curve and interface heat exchange coefficient parameter according to workpiece material are carried out numerical simulation to workpiece in temperature field, tissue field and the stress/strain field of process of cooling, by simulate determine h1 layer, h2 layer, h3 layer ... the technique that Q-P-T changes, i.e. M Q-P-T technique occur in the hm layer;
(2) technological process of Q-P-T technique is for the first time: the quench cooled that workpiece is realized Q-P-T technique in the medium that can realize fast cooling or the type of cooling at the h1 layer, this moment, the h1 layer of workpiece was cooled to the Tq temperature range, portion of tissue generation martensitic transformation, workpiece is placed into the distribution-drawing process that realizes the h1 layer tissue that spreads out of that speed of cooling relies on internal heat slowly in medium or the type of cooling subsequently, to obtain tempered martensite and the rich carbon residual austenite of part;
(3) technological process of Q-P-T technique is for the second time: after the first time, the Q-P-T technological process finished, again workpiece is to realize realizing in the quick medium that cools off or the type of cooling quench cooled of the Q-P-T technique of h2 layer, this moment, the Q-P-T transition process occured in the top layer of workpiece, again cooling off fast the h1 layer, the part Transformation of Retained Austenite is arranged is martensite, but self-tempering has occured and has had part high-carbon residual austenite residual in the martensite of for the first time Q-P-T process transformation, quick cooling has reduced the tearing tendency of h1 layer again, this quick cooling makes the high temperature austenite attitude tissue of h2 layer be cooled to the Tq temperature range and martensitic transformation occurs, be placed into the distribution-drawing process that realizes the h2 layer tissue that spreads out of that speed of cooling relies on internal heat slowly in medium or the type of cooling at workpiece subsequently, make the rich carbon of austenite around established martenaging martempering and the h2 layer martensite;
(4) according to above-mentioned same mode realize successively h3 layer, h4 layer ..., the hn layer the Q-P-T technological process.
2. many circulating quenchings according to claim 1-distribution-tempering process is characterized in that: described technique is used for microalloyed steel that material is various compositions or the quench cooled of all kinds of mechanical structured members of steel alloy, the slab that rolls rear direct quenching and all kinds of large size shaped steel is processed.
3. many circulating quenchings according to claim 1-distribution-tempering process is characterized in that: the multicycle number of times of described technique is determined according to the performance requriements of the composition of material, sectional dimension, workpiece.
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| CN102586571B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆宗学重工机械股份有限公司 | Quenching processing method for main shaft of fan |
| CN102912092A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-06 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | After-forging waste heat isothermal normalizing technology for 42CrMo steel extra large size bearing ring forge piece |
| CN103397148B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-12-24 | 上海交通大学 | Method for formulating water-air alternate time-controlled quenching process |
| CN104032226B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-11-11 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel and production technique thereof |
| CN104046914B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-11-18 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel and production technique thereof |
| CN104032214B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-12-09 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel and production technique thereof |
| WO2017109525A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Arcelormittal | A method of a heat transfer of a non-metallic or metallic item |
| CN105779708A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-20 | 上海人本集团有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN106555033A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-05 | 扬州大学 | A kind of medium carbon steel residual forging heat isothermal normalizing processing method |
| CN107642334A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-30 | 成立 | Multilayer carbonization quenching crushes and boring tool and its manufacture craft |
| CN110863169A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-06 | 河南科技大学 | Heat treatment optimization method for carburizing steel bearing ring |
| CN110699605B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-18 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Heat treatment method for reducing residual stress of hot-rolled strip steel |
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