CN100390304C - Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating - Google Patents
Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN100390304C CN100390304C CNB021491917A CN02149191A CN100390304C CN 100390304 C CN100390304 C CN 100390304C CN B021491917 A CNB021491917 A CN B021491917A CN 02149191 A CN02149191 A CN 02149191A CN 100390304 C CN100390304 C CN 100390304C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a laser strengthening and toughening method for an interface between a metal matrix and a coating and plating layer. The coating and plating layer is a metal or ceramic coating layer. The method is carried out with micro-fusion discretization strengthening processing to the interface between the metal matrix and the coating and plating layer by laser, and a discretization strengthening layer is formed on the interface; thereby, the interface is provided with the strengthening layer of tamper force with mercy, and the hardness, the friction and abrasion performance, the ablation performance, the fatigue performance and the corrosion resistance of the surface layer structure of a material in environments of room temperature and high temperature are enhanced. The service life of the metal matrix is prolonged by healing and passivating the cracks of workpiece surfaces, adjusting the residual stress state of the surfaces and enhancing the fatigue strength of the surfaces. In addition, the matrix and a subsequent metal coating and plating layer are tightly combined by thinning the structure of matrix structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing technology of interface, the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between especially a kind of metallic matrix and the coated layer.
Background technology
In metal works surface coated metal or ceramic protection layer, be improve workpiece strong carry as high temperature, high pressure, ablate by force, the effective measure in working condition such as wearing and tearing following work-ing life by force.Because often there are notable difference in coated layer material and metal matrix material aspect physicals, its interface bond strength often becomes the key point that can the coated layer material effectively play a role.Conventional workpiece coating front interface treatment measures have methods such as shot-peening, grinder buffing, pickling, vacuum-treat, electropolishing.The main effect of methods such as pickling, vacuum-treat, electropolishing is the clean surface, and the weave construction that can not change the skin-material of handling can not improve its mechanical property.Shot peening can improve its degree of roughness and make it obtain deformation strengthening in the clean surface, but can not change the weave construction of material.Grinder buffing can not change the weave construction on the surface of handling, though this method energy clean surface because of bringing injury to the surface easily in the clean surface, influences its use properties, often is applied in the lower situation of requirement.In a word, aforesaid method except clean interface, improve the bonding strength between coated layer and matrix, be difficult to aspect the highly malleablized of matrix and coated layer the performance useful effect.
Conventional laser surface heat treatment technology mainly comprises: laser quenching, laser melting processing, laser alloying and laser melting coating.Up to the present, laser quenching is used widely in engineering, such as the hardening treatment of automobile engine cylinder-body, inner surface of cylinder liner; Roller laser-texturing technology (laser melting working method a kind of) also has been used in a large scale in the industrial production of deep-draw with Cold Rolled Sheet Steel/steel band; Recently, the nose laser melting and coating technique has also been obtained progress on industrial application; But because the local characteristics of laser processing, large-area laser melting processing comprises that the industrial application of laser alloying and laser melting coating is still among exploring.In addition, the characteristics of above-mentioned laser heat treatment method all are that the hardened layer after the laser treatment is directly used as working face, all are directly to utilize its Hardenability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the laser enhancement and toughening method of the interface between a kind of metallic matrix and the coated layer is provided, this method is to utilize laser that diffusing reinforcement of little liquation carried out at the interface between metallic matrix and the coated layer to process, can form discrete strengthening layer at the interface, thereby make the interface have the strengthening layer of both steel and soft, improve material surface and be organized in hardness under room temperature and the hot environment, friction and wear behavior, ablation property, fatigue property and corrosion resistance nature, and by the healing and the crackle of passivation workpiece surface, the fatigue strength of adjusting surperficial residual stress state and raising surface prolongs the work-ing life of metallic matrix; The structure by the refinement matrix in addition, and make matrix combine more tight with follow-up metal coated layer.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
Interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix and the coated layer, described coated layer is metal or ceramic coating; Comprise the steps:
(1) metal base surface is carried out pre-treatment, comprising following step: a, dispel greasy dirt on the matrix surface with dehydrated alcohol or acetone; B, apply light-absorbing coating on the matrix surface of oil removing, to strengthen the assimilated efficiency of this surface to laser, coat-thickness is 10 μ m-100 μ m; Described light-absorbing coating: for YAG laser, light-absorbing coating is 500-2000 purpose graphite, tannic acid and binding agent by (2-8) by granularity: (25-35): weight ratio mixed preparing (1-3) forms;
(2) with 10
3-10
7W/cm
2High power density laser carries out little molten, discrete and Quench processing to making pretreated base metal surface, thereby forms the highly malleablized layer that is in a discrete distribution at matrix surface;
(3) the highly malleablized laminar surface to above-mentioned (2) step carries out purifying treatment;
(4) and then at the highly malleablized laminar surface carry out metal or the processing of ceramic coating.
Laser beam power density in the described step (2) is 10
4-10
7W/cm
2, sweep velocity is 0.1-100mm/s.
Discrete processing in the described step (2) is to scan matrix metal by pulse laser or continuous laser with 0.1d≤S≤3d plastisied dispersion, and d is the diameter of laser facula in the formula, and 0.1mm≤d≤10mm, S are plastisied dispersion, i.e. the laser strengthened area minimum spacing.
Quench processing described in the described step (2) comprises the steps: a, utilizes matrix metal self high thermal conductivity to cool off; Simultaneously, b, also comprise that rare gas element that laser processing zone input 1-5 standard atmospheric pressure on matrix and flow are 1-201/min carries out matrix is cooled off and is that 10-25 ℃, pressure are that 0.1-0.5MPa, flow are that 20-801/min water cools off other surfaces of matrix with temperature.
In the described step (2), the thickness of the highly malleablized layer that forms at matrix surface is 0.1-1.0mm.
The highly malleablized laminar surface to forming after the laser processing in the described step (3) carries out purifying treatment, adopts honing, wipes lead or electropolishing or their combination process.
The matrix surface after the laser processing is carried out coating handle in the described step (4), so-called here coating are handled physics or chemical coating technologies such as comprising various plating, electroless plating, ion plating, ion implantation, electro beam physics vapour deposition.
Aforesaid method comprises that also one detects step, and this detection step comprises the steps:
Measure the width or the diameter of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region; Promptly utilize the notable difference that exists between laser reinforcing metal and the undressed metal reflective characteristic, distinguish and the face width of Laser Measurement reinforcement band or the surface diameter and the plastisied dispersion thereof of stiffened region;
Determine the maximum laser reinforcement degree of depth; Promptly utilize the maximum empirical value of strengthening between the degree of depth of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region width or diameter and laser reinforcing band or stiffened region to determine.This empirical value can obtain by cut-and-try work in advance, promptly by test given metal is carried out the little molten laser processing of prescribed condition, measures its maximum of strengthening on band cross section or the stiffened region maximum diameter place cross section then and strengthens the degree of depth; Boundary line on this cross section between laser strengthened area and the nonreinforcement district is clear, can differentiate and measure maximum laser easily with the tool microscope of low power band scale and strengthen the degree of depth.
Determine the laser strengthened area durometer level; For given metal, there are corresponding relation in laser reinforcing process and stiffened region durometer level.This corresponding relation can obtain by laboratory work in advance, and the little molten laser processing of promptly in the laboratory given metal being carried out prescribed condition is measured it then and strengthened band cross section or stiffened region maximum diameter place cross section middle part surface to the microhardness value between stiffened region and the nonreinforcement regional boundary line.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
The present invention is the pre-treatment that laser heat treatment technology is applied to matrix surface before interface or the coating.It mainly acts on: make the matrix top layer obtain highly malleablized, and make it influence the obdurability of coating process, optimization coated layer, make coated layer obtain stronger support, the especially dynamic bonding strength of bonding strength between coated layer and the matrix is improved, improve the ability of its opposing surge pressure and shear-stress.Compare with known conventional laser heat treatment technics, the characteristics of the used laser technology of the present invention are: the processing technology routine that has adopted little molten, Quench and discrete processing; We can be the smooth finish surface of the consolidation organizational composition of micron dimension obtaining by thickness to use this technology, obtain the laser hardening degree of depth maximum under any surface finish condition simultaneously, and the laser hardening layer of tissue height refinement will be to coating process and coated layer tissue and performance performance positive influence thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation on the tubular workpiece surface of method processing of the present invention
1-tubular workpiece matrix 2-interface 3-metal plating
Concrete embodiment
The present invention also will be described in further detail embodiment:
With reference to Fig. 1, be a kind of structural representation that utilizes the tubular workpiece of method processing of the present invention; This tubular workpiece can be the gun barrel of antiaircraft machine gun, comprises gun barrel matrix 1, and interface 2 is the discrete strengthening layer of laser between gun barrel matrix 1 and metal plating, and the discrete strengthening layer of laser comprises consolidation layer, transformation hardening layer, heat affected layer; Described consolidation layer, transformation hardening layer, heat affected layer are continuous or discontinuously arranged in the interface: also be provided with chromium coating 3 on interface 2.
The laser reinforcing process of above-mentioned gun barrel comprises the steps:
1, the gun barrel to antiaircraft machine gun carries out conventional oil removing and cleaning;
2, the gun barrel surface is coated with light-absorbing coating, and wherein to be 1000 purpose graphite, tannic acid and binding agent by granularity form by 7: 28: 1 weight ratio mixed preparing light-absorbing coating; Thereby film at the gun barrel internal surface and to form the light-absorbing coating of 30～50 μ m;
3, to carrying out the little molten chilling intensive treatment of laser through the gun barrel of handling internal surface of filming; Promptly adopt the YAG laser apparatus, its laser output power is 310W ± 4%, and the about 0.5mm of laser focal spot diameter, laser scanning speed are 3-5rpm, and laser screwfeed speed is 0.6mm/r-1.0mm/r; The gun barrel internal surface heat-treated reach little molten state to the gun barrel surface; In gun barrel, feed simultaneously N
2Or Ar protection gas cools off, and adopts water-cooled outside gun barrel, and gun barrel is cooled off fast.
Occurring fine and closely woven minor spiral line through the gun barrel internal surface after the laser reinforcing processing perpendicular to the gun tube axis direction promptly is the vestige of laser reinforcing; By further its section of employing metallography microscope sem observation to gun barrel, then can very clearly tell the lasing district, laser reinforcing is some processing, thereby the crescent laser strengthened area appears, its periodic spacings is about 0.8mm, the laser strengthened area full depth is about 0.2mm, and its average microhardness is all above 500Hv
0.2
4, the gun barrel internal surface is detected, this detection step comprises the steps:
Measure the width or the diameter of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region; Promptly utilize the notable difference that exists between laser reinforcing metal and the undressed metal reflective characteristic, distinguish and the face width of Laser Measurement reinforcement band or the surface diameter and the plastisied dispersion thereof of stiffened region;
Determine the maximum laser reinforcement degree of depth; Promptly utilize the maximum empirical value of strengthening between the degree of depth of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region width or diameter and laser reinforcing band or stiffened region to determine.This empirical value can obtain by cut-and-try work in advance, promptly by test given metal is carried out the little molten laser processing of prescribed condition, measures its maximum of strengthening on band cross section or the stiffened region maximum diameter place cross section then and strengthens the degree of depth; Boundary line on this cross section between laser strengthened area and the nonreinforcement district is clear, can differentiate and measure maximum laser easily with the tool microscope of low power band scale and strengthen the degree of depth.
Determine the laser strengthened area durometer level; For given metal, there are corresponding relation in laser reinforcing process and stiffened region durometer level.This corresponding relation can obtain by laboratory work in advance, and the little molten laser processing of promptly in the laboratory given metal being carried out prescribed condition is measured it then and strengthened band cross section or stiffened region maximum diameter place cross section middle part surface to the microhardness value between stiffened region and the nonreinforcement regional boundary line.
5, carry out the chromium plating processing to detecting qualified gun barrel internal surface again.
Through after this technology handles gun barrel, gun barrel died of old age, and to carry out detected result as follows:
Select for use with batch two 14.5mm gun barrels of processing and carry out the live shell examination, wherein handle as the experiment rifle through the gun barrel laser reinforcing for one, another is not for carrying out laser treatment rifle in contrast, when sending out 3000 on bullet, the first prompt drop of experiment rifle and contrast rifle is respectively less than 10% with greater than 30%, and horizontal bullet rate is respectively 0 and 100%.
Carrying out dissection and analysis after gun barrel is died of old age finds: apart from muzzle 80mm place, residual chromium layer is evenly complete on the gun barrel land of experiment rifle together, thick about 0.16mm, substrate surface flawless, and no residual chromium layer on the gun barrel land of contrast rifle; At the bore position, the serious ablated area of gun barrel of contrast rifle almost is twice than the experiment gun barrel, and ablation depth is big.With apart from gun breech 330mm place, test the existence that residual chromium still can be found in gun barrel negative line position, and the gun barrel of contrast rifle does not have the existence of residual chromium, and matrix cracking is serious.
By above-mentioned detection as can be known, laser reinforcing has increased the bonding force of chromium layer and matrix, and the hard chrome coating of gun barrel oral area is brought into play all the time at the antiwear property of life experiment in the phase, has avoided the appearance of horizontal bullet.
At laser reinforcing gun barrel gun breech position, the increase of chromium layer and basal body binding force has postponed the chromium layer and has peeled off the time, and the anti-ablation effect of chromium layer is prolonged; In addition, though the laser reinforcing effect of matrix will weaken under gun barrel high temperature working conditions, this process is a progressive formation, and after the chromium layer peeled off, this matrix will delay its ablation degree.The reason of above-mentioned two aspects, prompt drop contributes to reducing just.
Claims (8)
1. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between metallic matrix and the coated layer, described coated layer is metal or ceramic coating; Comprise the steps:
(1) metal base surface is carried out pre-treatment, comprising following step: a, remove greasy dirt on the matrix surface with dehydrated alcohol or acetone; B, apply light-absorbing coating on the matrix surface of oil removing, to strengthen the assimilated efficiency of this surface to laser, coat-thickness is 10 μ m-100 μ m; Described light-absorbing coating: for YAG laser, light-absorbing coating is 500-2000 purpose graphite, tannic acid and binding agent by (2-8) by granularity: (25-35): weight ratio mixed preparing (1-3) forms;
(2) with 10
3-10
7W/cm
2High power density laser carry out little molten, discrete and Quench processing to making pretreated base metal surface, thereby form the highly malleablized layer that is in a discrete distribution at matrix surface;
(3) the highly malleablized laminar surface to above-mentioned (2) step carries out purifying treatment;
(4) and then at the highly malleablized laminar surface carry out metal or the processing of ceramic coating.
2. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer is characterized in that the laser beam power density in the described step (2) is 10
4-10
7W/cm
2, sweep velocity is 0.1-100mm/s.
3. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer, it is characterized in that the discrete processing in the described step (2) is to scan matrix metal by pulse laser or continuous laser with 0.1d≤S≤3d plastisied dispersion, d is the diameter of laser facula in the formula, 0.1mm≤d≤10mm, S is a plastisied dispersion, i.e. the laser strengthened area minimum spacing.
4. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer is characterized in that the Quench processing described in the described step (2) comprises the steps: a, utilizes matrix metal self high thermal conductivity to cool off; Simultaneously, b, also comprise that rare gas element that laser processing zone input 1-5 standard atmospheric pressure on matrix and flow are 1-20l/min carries out matrix is cooled off and is that 10-25 ℃, pressure are that 0.1-0.5MPa, flow are that the water of 20-80l/min cools off other surfaces of matrix with temperature.
5. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer is characterized in that in the described step (2), and the thickness of the highly malleablized layer that forms at matrix surface is 0.1-1.0mm.
6. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer, it is characterized in that the highly malleablized laminar surface to forming after the laser processing in the described step (3) carries out purifying treatment, adopt honing, wipe lead, electropolishing or their combination process.
7. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer, it is characterized in that the matrix surface after the laser processing is carried out coating handle in the described step (4), so-called here coating is handled physics or the chemical coating that is selected from plating, electroless plating, ion plating, ion implantation, electro beam physics vapour deposition.
8. the interface laser enhancement and toughening method between a kind of metallic matrix as claimed in claim 1 and the coated layer is characterized in that also comprising that one detects step, and this detection step comprises the steps:
Measure the width or the diameter of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region; Promptly utilize the notable difference that exists between laser reinforcing metal and the undressed metal reflective characteristic, distinguish and the face width of Laser Measurement reinforcement band or the surface diameter and the plastisied dispersion thereof of stiffened region;
Determine the maximum laser reinforcement degree of depth; Promptly utilize the maximum relation of strengthening between the degree of depth of laser reinforcing band or stiffened region width or diameter and laser reinforcing band or stiffened region to determine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021491917A CN100390304C (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021491917A CN100390304C (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating |
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| CN1504584A CN1504584A (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| CN100390304C true CN100390304C (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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