CN102953056B - Train wheel combination laser enhancement method - Google Patents
Train wheel combination laser enhancement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102953056B CN102953056B CN201110238113.1A CN201110238113A CN102953056B CN 102953056 B CN102953056 B CN 102953056B CN 201110238113 A CN201110238113 A CN 201110238113A CN 102953056 B CN102953056 B CN 102953056B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method, and its way is: both wheel tread was carried out laser reinforcing, again the non-tread position of wheel is carried out laser reinforcing; And when wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing, driving wheel is increased sticky strengthening, trailer wheel is carried out viscosity reduction strengthening. Wheel and the matching of track abrasion after strengthening by the method are good, and the reinforcing life of the reinforcing life of wheel tread part tread non-with wheel mates, the long service life of wheel, and reliability is strong; Train uses the wheel after the method strengthening, and traction drive ability is strong, and operation energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to train component and laser processing organizational technology field.
Background technology
Wheel is the key part of relation train military service economy, security, ride comfort and environment noise, composition wheel is right afterwards together with the assembling parts such as axletree, bearing, under complicated wheel rail rolling contact impact force action, there will be the environmental problem such as impact, slip noise; Complicated rolling contact fatigue load is born at its tread position, occurs peeling off and abrasion equivalent damage problem; And complex three-dimensional alternation fatigue loading is born at its non-tread position, present Cumulative Fatigue Damage problem. Meanwhile, for improving train integrated operation performance, wheel is proposed the harsh science and technology requirement of inferior quality, low noise, long lifetime, high reliability and security.
According to world's train wheel manufacturing technology feature, train wheel can divide into overall wheel, elasticity combination wheel and laser tread wheel:
Overall wheel, current material mainly contains highquality carbon steel and two kinds, high-quality low alloy steel, and manufacturing process is divided into continuous casting process and continuous rolling process, comprises liquid steel refining-wheel blank forging and rolls/cast-process such as thermal treatment/surface strengthening-precision work; Thermal treatment/surface intensified technique comprises modified, hard surfacing, shot blasting on surface etc., owing to substantive transformation does not occur materials microstructure, material military service ability almost reaches the limit of manufacturing capacity, but ability is still limited: the abrasion speed of wheel tread reaches 0.2～2 [g/cm210km/h]; West Europe high ferro low alloy steel wheel, Resisting fractre toughness is at 50～80MPa.m0.5(standard EN 13262), correspondence N=10 fatigue lifetime7The fatigue strength of cycles is only about 300MPa; U.S.'s highquality carbon steel wheel, its fracture toughness value is only 50～100MPa.m0.5, correspondence N=10 fatigue lifetime7The drawingand pressing fatigue intensity of cycles is about 270MPa, and torsional load state is then 170MPa;Wheel tread sublayer crackle (a, c≤5mm) expands the life-span only about 2 × 105Cycles. Therefore, wheel tread quick abrasion in train military service, ununiformity damage is big, causes wheel-rail impact load fast with impact noise increase, and maintenance life-span and overall service life are short.
Elasticity combination wheel, is separated into rim the wheel rim region of overall wheel with wheel width and hub area, loads elasticity absorbing element, be assembled in and become elasticity wheel together between rim and spoke. There is vibration-absorbing denoising function. The strength capabilities at each position is required with overall wheel basically identical by specification, but owing to causing TGV high speed train wheel fatigue cracking, cause German TGV bullet train derailing on June 3rd, 1998, lead to that 101 people are wrecked, the wheel of the severely injured accident of people more than 200, elasticity wheel just, prove: packaging assembly, brings rim and spoke joint portion fatigue crack initiation. This technology is the structure improvement opportunity on overall wheel technological method basis, but is not yet solved by the approach of the repeated stress failure safety problem how solving elasticity combination wheel, and countries in the world do not re-use such wheel substantially.
Laser tread wheel, the later stage nineties in last century, associating gorky Railway Bureau of manufacture research institute of Russia, take the lead in application CO2 laser apparatus direct melting wheel-rail contact surface body material (not adding abrasion resistant particles), obtain phase transformation strengthening running surface of wheeltrack, make the micro-nanometer of Fine Texture of Material, effect [the ChkalovLA.Laserstrengtheningofwheelandrail.RailwayTransp ort achieve wheel tread abrasion decrease in velocity 67%～80%, extending rail life 0.8～1.0,1988, (2): 31-36]. (2006) and the Timakova etc. (2008) such as LennartOJ (1995), Liu Yu disclose the laser transformation strengthening method of wheel tread separately, i.e. laser melting process patent. Zhang Zhunsheng (2001) discloses wheel tread laser in combination enhancement method patent. Production engineering institute of Zhejiang University locomotive wheel wheel rim has been carried out laser-quenching technique strengthening locomotive wheel wheel rim, make rate of wear reduce by 70% [Li Fengwang. locomotive wheel wheel rim intensifying technology. metal heat treatmet, 1997, (10): 41-42]; Vehicle wheel tread is carried out phase transformation Laser hardening by Ji steel first steelworks, improve the wheel wear life-span reach 6 times [Lv Xiuping, Xu Hongyan, Wang Shiyong. application laser transformation hardening technology improve overhead traveling crane wheel work-ing life. equipment management and maintenance, 2008, (10): 37]; Continent, Shenyang laser technology company limited has carried out CL60 stone roller steel wheel disc hole-edge crack and has carried out laser melting coating reparation method, material unit elongation raising 90%, fatigue strength is made to improve 2 times of [Chen Changyi, Chen Jiang. railway freight-car spoke plate porous dehiscence line laser remanufacturing. China's Surface Engineering, 2011,24 (2): 92-96], it is the improvement opportunity in existing overall wheel technology.
But, existing wheel laser surface strengthening method, only for wheel tread and local, wheel web hole; Coupling and solve train over-all properties (driving power, energy-conservation, run and impact noise, ride comfort), tread abrasion, run the problem in science such as fatigue safety, still has and many do not improve and need improvements:
1, existing enhancement method does not consider the degree of depth of laser reinforcing, does not have the concept of the laser reinforcing degree of depth yet. But, the failure mode of wheel tread is that the abrasion with track contact part were lost efficacy, and belongs to rolling contact fatigue damage accumulation consequence, has the feature of sub-surface damage; Do not consider the strengthening of sub-surperficial maximum stripping shearing stress scope, can not effectively eliminate sub-sur-face peeling damage, thus its strengthening effect is poor.
2, the science enhancement method problem of non-tread portions
The failure mode at the non-tread position of wheel is that repeated stress failure was lost efficacy, belong to the accumulated damage consequence of complex three-dimensional alternation fatigue stress, the science enhancement method meeting inefficacy physical mechanism suppresses fatigue crack initiation, and need to determine to suppress index according to Damage Coutrol demand science, existing wheel web hole local laser cladding reparation method, its principle is not suppress fatigue crack initiation, but strengthen local fatigue strength, wheel weak part can be made to shift, and the local fatigue strength of enhancing neither the fatigue strength of wheel.
3, the matching problem of tread reinforcing life and non-tread reinforcing life
According to " the most weak chain failure factors ", wheel tread is strengthened and other position wears away life failure prior to tread, and the effect of tread strengthening will partly or entirely be lost; Losing efficacy prior to this local strengthening place in non-tread local strengthening such as existing wheel web hole local laser cladding reparation method, other position, this strengthening effect also will partly or entirely be lost. Therefore, wheel tread reinforcing life must mate consistent with non-tread reinforcing life as far as possible, and strengthening just has scientific meaning and actual production meaning. And realize what the existing method of this purpose method cannot reach naturally, it is necessary to could realize through scientific experimentation, calculating and analysis consciously.
4, wheel strengthening and train operation traction dilatation power saving
The traction drive limit capacity of train operation is determined by the clinging power driving wheel and track, and at the wet and slippery environment of track, train easily occurs that speed does not listen the phenomenon of commander, wheel-slip, and clinging power is inadequate, and the driving power of train is reduced. In another aspect, the main energy consumption of train operation is from trailer wheel and track contact friction force. This illustrates, the wheel tread strengthening of science, draws the energy-conservation angle of dilatation from train operation, according to the difference of its military service function, have different requirements, and existing enhancement method does not notice this point, cannot naturally realize this purpose yet.
Therefore, existing wheel tread enhancement method not with the strengthening degree of depth of science and the matching of track wear hardness, the dilatation of driving power or energy-conservation combine; The enhancement method at non-tread position does not mate mutually with the anti-repeated stress failure mechanism of science, and its reinforcing life does not mate with the reinforcing life of wheel tread mutually yet. Development is needed to mate and the High-performance green wheel combination laser strengthening method that military service function match, tread reinforcing life mate with non-tread reinforcing life with inefficacy mechanism in the world.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method, wheel and the matching of track abrasion after strengthening by the method are good, the reinforcing life of the reinforcing life of wheel tread part tread non-with wheel mates, the long service life of wheel, and reliability is strong; Train uses the wheel after the method strengthening, and traction drive ability is strong, and operation energy consumption is low.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method, and its way is: both wheel tread was carried out laser reinforcing, again the non-tread position of wheel is carried out laser reinforcing; And when wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing, driving wheel is increased sticky strengthening, trailer wheel is carried out viscosity reduction strengthening.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, both wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing, again the non-tread position of wheel is carried out laser reinforcing, both the life at wheel tread position had been made, make again the life at the non-tread position of wheel, the reinforcing life of the reinforcing life of wheel tread part tread non-with wheel mates, thus effectively delayed the exhaustion run of whole wheel, it is to increase work-ing life of whole wheel, enhance the reliability of wheel.
Two, the tower face of different wheel is carried out different intensive treatment: driving wheel tread is increased sticky strengthening, it is to increase drive the clinging power of wheel and track, decrease wheel-slip phenomenon, thus improve the traction drive ability of train operation;And viscosity reduction strengthening is carried out for trailer wheel tread, reduce trailer wheel and track contact friction force, decrease the energy consumption of train operation.
The above-mentioned strengthening degree of depth >=wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue influence depth that wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing; And wheel tread is carried out the strengthening degree of depth of laser reinforcing and the strengthening degree of depth that the non-tread of wheel carries out laser reinforcing meets: non-tread position after strengthening fatigue lifetime >=strengthening after the condition in tread position abrasion life-span; The described strengthening degree of depth is the thickness making material surface tissue undergo phase transition after laser reinforcing, and namely phase-change organization and matrix interface are to surperficial distance.
The concept of the laser reinforcing degree of depth is proposed first, the strengthening degree of depth is the thickness making material surface tissue undergo phase transition after laser reinforcing, namely phase-change organization and matrix interface are to surperficial distance, ensure during strengthening to make the wheel tread laser reinforcing degree of depth >=wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue influence depth, can well eliminate the wheel tread inside crack initiation that wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue load causes and the sub-sur-face peeling inefficacy caused. And after strengthening non-tread position fatigue lifetime >=strengthening after the tread position abrasion life-span, then can meet non-tread position preferably to mate with the life-span at tread position, simultaneously, owing to tread position is keeped in repair by turning, keep in repair more convenient, its life-span is slightly short, can reduce the maintenance cost in whole wheel later stage.
The above-mentioned specific practice that wheel tread carries out laser reinforcing is: wear away comparative experiments by track, according to the principle that abrasion speed is minimum, it is determined that adopt a kind of method in the molten injecting method of laser melting or laser melting coating or laser that wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing.
Like this, the inventive method not only considers the loss of wheel tread, and considers the matching that track weares and teares by wheel; Wheel tread after strengthening is minimum to the abrasion of track, reduce the maintenance cost of whole railway operation, it is to increase the safety and reliability of railway.
Above-mentioned to the specific practice that the non-tread position of wheel carries out laser reinforcing is: adopt laser peening working method through row laser reinforcing.
Owing to the failure mode at the non-tread position of wheel is that repeated stress failure was lost efficacy, belonging to the accumulated damage of complex three-dimensional alternation fatigue stress, adopt laser peening working method can suppress fatigue crack initiation, it suppresses the effective of inefficacy.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention done a step explanation.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method, its way is: both wheel tread was carried out laser reinforcing, again the non-tread position of wheel is carried out laser reinforcing; And when wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing, driving wheel is increased sticky strengthening, trailer wheel is carried out viscosity reduction strengthening.
In the present embodiment, wheel tread is carried out the strengthening degree of depth >=wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue influence depth of laser reinforcing; And wheel tread is carried out the strengthening degree of depth of laser reinforcing and the strengthening degree of depth that the non-tread of wheel carries out laser reinforcing meets: non-tread position after strengthening fatigue lifetime >=strengthening after the condition in tread position abrasion life-span; The described strengthening degree of depth is the thickness making material surface tissue undergo phase transition after laser reinforcing, and namely phase-change organization and matrix interface are to surperficial distance.
In the present embodiment, the specific practice that wheel tread carries out laser reinforcing is: wear away comparative experiments by track, according to the principle that abrasion speed is minimum, it is determined that adopt a kind of method in the molten injecting method of laser melting or laser melting coating or laser that wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing.
In the present embodiment, to the specific practice that the non-tread position of wheel carries out laser reinforcing it is: adopt laser peening working method through row laser reinforcing.
Claims (3)
1. a train wheel combination laser enhancement method, its way is: both wheel tread was carried out laser reinforcing, again the non-tread position of wheel is carried out laser reinforcing; And when wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing, driving wheel tread is increased sticky strengthening, it is to increase drive the clinging power of wheel and track; Trailer wheel tread is carried out viscosity reduction strengthening, reduces trailer wheel and track contact friction force;
The described specific practice that wheel tread carries out laser reinforcing is: wear away comparative experiments by track, according to the principle that abrasion speed is minimum, it is determined that adopt a kind of method in the molten injecting method of laser melting or laser melting coating or laser that wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing.
2. a kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the described strengthening degree of depth >=wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue influence depth that wheel tread is carried out laser reinforcing; And wheel tread is carried out the strengthening degree of depth of laser reinforcing and the strengthening degree of depth that the non-tread of wheel carries out laser reinforcing meets: non-tread position after strengthening fatigue lifetime >=strengthening after the condition in tread position abrasion life-span; The described strengthening degree of depth is the thickness making material surface tissue undergo phase transition after laser reinforcing, and namely phase-change organization and matrix interface are to surperficial distance.
3. a kind of train wheel combination laser enhancement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described to the specific practice that the non-tread position of wheel carries out laser reinforcing is: adopt laser peening working method to carry out laser reinforcing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110238113.1A CN102953056B (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Train wheel combination laser enhancement method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110238113.1A CN102953056B (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Train wheel combination laser enhancement method |
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| CN102953056A CN102953056A (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| CN102953056B true CN102953056B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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| CN201110238113.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102953056B (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Train wheel combination laser enhancement method |
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| CN107099794A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-08-29 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of method for the wearability and rolling contact fatigue performance for improving rail |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295954A (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-05-23 | 西屋气刹车公司 | Brake-shoe with friction control |
| CN2487620Y (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-04-24 | 张准胜 | Laser strengthened railway vehicle wheel |
| CN1504584A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-16 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating |
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2011
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295954A (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-05-23 | 西屋气刹车公司 | Brake-shoe with friction control |
| CN2487620Y (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-04-24 | 张准胜 | Laser strengthened railway vehicle wheel |
| CN1504584A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-16 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser strengthening and toughening method for interface between ground-mass and coating |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 轨道车辆轮对的关键力学问题及研究进展;赵永翔 等;《固体力学学报》;20101231;第31卷(第6期);第3页左栏第3段 * |
| 高速铁路工程中若干典型力学问题;翟婉明 等;《力学进展》;20100725;第40卷(第4期);第2页右栏第2段 * |
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