CN103495905A - Real-time online detection and closed loop feedback compensation device of ram thermal expansion deformation errors of numerically-controlled machine tool and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Real-time online detection and closed loop feedback compensation device of ram thermal expansion deformation errors of numerically-controlled machine tool and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103495905A CN103495905A CN201310396532.7A CN201310396532A CN103495905A CN 103495905 A CN103495905 A CN 103495905A CN 201310396532 A CN201310396532 A CN 201310396532A CN 103495905 A CN103495905 A CN 103495905A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0003—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0007—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine by compensating occurring thermal dilations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real-time online detection and closed loop feedback compensation device of ram thermal expansion deformation errors of a numerically-controlled machine tool and a detection method thereof. The real-time online detection and closed loop feedback compensation device of the ram thermal expansion deformation errors of the numerically-controlled machine tool is characterized in that the device is composed of a real-time online detection part and a real-time closed loop feedback compensation part and mainly comprises a detection rod with the front end being fixed on a ram, a grating ruler reading head mounting base which is fixedly connected with the rear end of the detection rod, a grating ruler reading head and a grating ruler scale which is fixedly mounted on a ram base, and the real-time online detection and compensation of the ram thermal expansion deformation errors can be achieved by the aid of an existing closed loop feedback of a numerical control system. After the device and the detection method are used, machining errors caused by thermal deformation of the ram of the numerically-controlled machine tool can be greatly lowered, preset control precision of the machine tool is guaranteed, and good ecumenical benefits and social benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly for numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online, detect and closed loop feedback compensation arrangement and detection method, specifically, is to be used in the hot error detection and compensation mechanical device on Digit Control Machine Tool in field of machining.Belong to the precision finishing machine technical field.
Background technology
Lathe in use, can produce a large amount of heats owing to rubbing between each moving component, heat exchange also can occur in lathe and external environment simultaneously, will cause the thermal expansion of each parts like this, under the effect of various constraints, finally cause the inaccuracy of each moving component position and attitude, thereby produce hot error.Hot error is occupied sizable proportion in the whole error of lathe, research shows: the mismachining tolerance that thermal deformation causes in Precision Machining accounts for 40 ~ 70% of total mismachining tolerance, become one of the topmost factor of machine finish that affects, become the focus of domestic and international research at present.Especially for heavy digital control machine tool, because of its quality and inertia large, the drive system power demand is larger, the parts heating is comparatively serious, produces comparatively significantly thermal deformation, and then forms larger hot error, seriously restricts the raising of Precision of NC Machine Tool.The ram assembly, as the critical component of heavy digital control machine tool, is restricting the raising of machine tool accuracy to a great extent.Because being subject to the impact of the High Rotation Speed heat-dissipating of each axle system and main shaft in feed system heating, main-gear box, ram will produce larger thermal deformation, particularly the thermal stretching error in the axial feed direction is more obvious, has a strong impact on machining accuracy, stability and the range of application of lathe.As when the larger plane of milling, because twice milling is longer interval time, ram thermal stretching during this period of time is larger, at present under existence conditions its thermal stretching amount can not survey, also uncontrollable, will produce and comparatively significantly connect tool marks, make the plane of milling not meet the processing technology requirement of part, cause higher percent defective, become each main frame manufacturer and need one of key issue of solution badly.
At present, for ram due to the hot dilatation that caused by change of temperature field, also effectively do not prevent and solution, the main way that still adopts error to prevent, such as improving grinding machine structure design by optimization or increasing cooling device, the ram temperature is reduced, also or by being improved in the mode of equalization temperature field with the idle stroke preheating before processing.But because the effect of cooling jacket device is limited, can not thoroughly solve the thermal stretching problem of ram, and the thermal stretching error size of ram will change along with the change of the conditions such as duty and environment temperature, and be preheating to hot stable state, need long time.Therefore, under the prerequisite day by day increased in current high-precision numerical control machine demand, need to seek suitable method the position error of machine ram is carried out to the real-time online detection, and by the detected value Real-time Feedback to digital control system, with the servo feeding apparatus of controlling ram, carry out and the rightabout motion of thermal stretching error, realize the compensation of ram position error, thereby the precision of lathe is improved.
For ram thermal stretching compensation of error, the device that Gu Dan etc. disclose a kind of control method for thermal deformation compensation of numerical control machine tool ram and implemented the method in patent " a kind of control method for thermal deformation compensation of numerical control machine tool ram and the device of implementing the method " (application number 201010595650.7), the method is by low-expansion test rod and the micro-displacement sensor installed on ram, the thermal stretching error amount of ram is detected, and convert it into the compensated pulse signal, the handheld unit interface provided by digital control system inputs to digital control system, thereby realize compensation.This control method and implement device thereof, not only need digital control system to there is fairly perfect and complicated signal and communication hardware interface and implement device thereof, and require the enforcement compensator to there is professional numerical control knowledge and experience, but also need extra displacement transducer to detect the thermal deformation errors signal, and plug-in pulse generation compensator, displacement transducer is because of its precision, the restriction of stability and antijamming capability, particularly under industrial environment, its output is beated larger, add the pulse conversion circuit in later stage and the effect of data communication, not only increased cost, and increased the complexity of system, it is not very good finally causing compensation effect, be subject in actual applications certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve existing prior art problem in background technology, a kind of being specifically designed to of the present invention eliminated the real-time online detection and closed loop feedback compensation arrangement and detection method thereof of ram thermal stretching distortion on the machine finish impact, after this application of installation, can by Digit Control Machine Tool particularly heavy digital control machine tool because the mismachining tolerance that the thermal stretching of ram distortion causes reduces greatly, guarantee the control accuracy that realizes that lathe is predetermined, it is steady that simultaneity factor has compensation process, is subject to the characteristics that external interference is less.
The present invention detects with the device technique scheme of closed loop feedback compensation for numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online: device is detected by real-time online and real-time closed-loop feedback compensation two large divisions forms, the front end that mainly comprises test rod (2) is fixed on ram (1), the raster ruler read head mount set (15) be connected mutually with test rod (2) rear end, grating ruler reading head (16) and be fixedly mounted on the grating scale scale (17) on the ram seat, and by the existing closed loop feedback function of digital control system, the real-time online of realizing ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and compensation.
Described device by be fixed on ram (1) test rod (2), hold-down screw (3), packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10), supporting screw (5), (7), (9), attachment screw (11), (12), (13), (14), raster ruler read head mount set (15), grating ruler reading head (16) and for the grating scale scale (17) of closed loop feedback with grating scale trip bolt (18) is common forms; Wherein, described trip bolt (3) is fixedly connected with ram (1) test rod (2) at front end; Described packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10) by test rod (2) with ram (1) thus separating to reduce contact area reduces friction; Described supporting screw (5), (7), (9), for limiting test rod (2) along perpendicular to the moving of bar length direction, guarantee test rod (2) along test rod (2) but the length direction freely-movable simultaneously; Described attachment screw (11), (13) are for being fixed together test rod (2) and raster ruler read head mount set (15); Described attachment screw (12), (14) are for being fixed together raster ruler read head mount set (15) and grating ruler reading head (16).
Described test rod (2) adopts the minimum invar alloy material of thermal coefficient of expansion, the front end of test rod (2) front end and ram (1) is fixed together by trip bolt (3), test rod (2) rear end and raster ruler read head mount set (15) are fixed together by connecting bolt (11), (13), test rod (2) is except the front end fixing point, can axially carry out free relative motion with respect to ram (1), and be limited in the motion of direction perpendicular to axial direction, guarantee that test rod (2) and raster ruler read head mount set (15) are synchronized with the movement.
The mid portion of described test rod (2) has keyway, can strengthen its rigidity by supporting screw (5), (7), (9), can guarantee again that test rod (2) only does the motion of bar length direction with respect to ram (1) simultaneously, and not do the motion perpendicular to the bar length direction.
Described invar alloy is nickel steel alloy, is commonly called as invar, constant steel, and its thermal coefficient of expansion is about 1.2 * 10
-6/ ℃, with respect to the ram material---very little cast iron, can think zero.
Described grating ruler reading head (16) is fixed on the rear end of the test rod (2) mutually be connected at front end with ram, and grating scale scale (17) is fixed on ram seat (supporting the device of ram).
A kind of device detection method compensated with closed loop feedback that detects for numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online, is characterized in that, by slotting at (1) one jiao of place of ram, and installation and measuring bar (2) in groove; The front end of test rod (2) is rigidly connected by hold-down screw (3) and ram (1), and the rear end of test rod (2) forms and is rigidly connected with grating ruler reading head (16) by connecting bolt and raster ruler read head mount set (15); When moving perpendicular to the bar length direction in restriction test rod (2) edge, guarantee that test rod (2) can be along the freely-movable of bar length direction, frictional force when reducing relative motion has installed packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10) additional between test rod (2) and ram (1).
Described grating ruler reading head (16) is by raster ruler read head mount set (15) and attachment screw (11), (12), (13), (14) be fixed on test rod (2), when ram (1) produces thermal deformation, by test rod (2), deflection is passed to grating ruler reading head (16), after grating ruler reading head (16) perceives the thermal stretching distortion of ram (1), feed back to digital control system, controlling the servo feed motor moves accordingly, make the opposite direction motion of whole ram system to ram (1) thermal stretching distortion, the real-time online that completes ram (1) thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and the closed loop feedback compensation, allow the precision of ram (1) front end not be subject to the impact of ram thermal stretching distortion, guarantee the machining accuracy of lathe.
Described compensation is the closed loop feedback function by digital control system, and " servo " function of system realizes compensation and not needing extra compensate control apparatus automatically.
Owing to taking such scheme, test rod one end transmitted as thermal walking is fixed on ram front end side, and the other end freely stretches and its afterbody and grating ruler reading head are rigidly connected.When being heated, ram causes that front end axial elongation amount is Δ
xthe time, ram drives test rod and moves together, and the other end of test rod and grating ruler reading head also can move axially Δ in the ideal case
xlength, work as Δ
xwhile reaching the resolution ratio of grating scale, the grating scale system senses is to this relative shift Δ
x, be the size of the hot stroke of ram, this displacement real-time closed-loop is fed back to digital control system, control the ram servo feed system by digital control system, make grating ruler reading head be positioned at all the time the system command position, thereby guarantee the positioning precision of ram front end face.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the real-time online detection of dynamic that has realized numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion, and directly the position closed loop reponse system by digital control system compensates, can, by Digit Control Machine Tool because the mismachining tolerance that the thermal stretching of ram distortion causes reduces greatly, there is good economic benefit and social benefit.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the affiliated operation principle block diagram for the detection of ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online and closed loop feedback compensation arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the external structure schematic diagram of numerical control machine tool ram (1) parts related in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural front view of the present invention for the detection of ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online and closed loop feedback compensation arrangement.
Fig. 4 is the G-G direction cutaway view in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the F-F direction cutaway view in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged view I in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged view II in Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is the partial enlarged view III in Fig. 3.
Fig. 9 is the partial enlarged view IV in Fig. 3.
Figure 10 is the partial enlarged view V in Fig. 5.
Figure 11 is the partial enlarged view VI in Fig. 4.
Figure 12 is the partial enlarged view VII in Fig. 4.
Figure 13 is the partial enlarged view VIII in Fig. 4.
Figure 14 is the partial enlarged view IX in Fig. 4.
Ram in figure in the 1-Digit Control Machine Tool, 2-test rod, 3-hold-down screw, the 4-packing ring, 5-supporting screw, 6-packing ring, the 7-supporting screw, 8-packing ring, 9-supporting screw, the 10-packing ring, 11-attachment screw, 12-attachment screw, the 13-attachment screw, 14-attachment screw, 15-raster ruler read head mount set, the 16-grating ruler reading head, 17-grating scale scale, 18-grating scale trip bolt.
The specific embodiment
The present invention detects with the closed loop feedback compensation arrangement and is comprised of real-time online detection and real-time closed-loop feedback compensation two large divisions for the real-time online of eliminating the impact of numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy, mainly comprise that front end is fixed in the test rod on ram, raster ruler read head mount set, the grating ruler reading head be connected mutually with the test rod rear end and be fixedly mounted on the grating scale scale on the ram seat, and realize that by the existing closed loop feedback function of digital control system the real-time online of ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and compensation.Its specific implementation process is:
At first, the ram rear generation elongation strain of being heated, drive the test rod integral body that there is no thermal deformation to extreme direction motion before ram;
Secondly, test rod drives grating ruler reading head by intermediate junction device and moves to extreme direction before ram;
Again, grating ruler reading head is to the ram nose motion, and when amount of exercise is less than grating scale resolution ratio, read head moves forward; When amount of exercise reaches grating scale resolution ratio, the grating scale system is the thermal stretching amount of ram front end by this amount of exercise of perception, and feeds back to digital control system;
Finally, after digital control system is received the signal of ram front end thermal stretching distortion, control the servo feed motor movement by servo-driven module, and make the opposite direction motion of ram integral body towards the thermal stretching distortion by servo feed mechanism such as screw pairs, grating ruler reading head revert to the original location of instruction, thereby the positioning precision of assurance ram front end is not subject to the impact of ram thermal stretching distortion.
For the real-time online of realizing above-mentioned ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects, specialized designs test rod and fixing and bracing or strutting arrangement thereof, the thermal stretching of ram front end distortion is delivered to the installation site of ram rear end grating ruler reading head, specifically comprise: the test rod that thermal coefficient of expansion is minimum, the test rod front end is connected in to the hold-down screw on ram, increase the test rod rigidity and guarantee that test rod is along the freely-movable of bar length direction, along the supporting screw perpendicular to the constraint of bar length direction simultaneously, and the packing ring that reduces contact area between test rod and ram.
For realizing the function of above-mentioned grating ruler reading head perception ram front end thermal stretching distortion, grating ruler reading head is connected on above-mentioned test rod by mount pad and screw, thereby has realized synchronizeing of grating ruler reading head and the thermal walking of ram front end.
For realizing the position closed loop feedback compensation function of ram thermal stretching distortion, the scale of grating scale need to be arranged on ram seat (supporting the device of ram) rather than on ram, be heated backward front motion and then drive read head and travel forward of guarantee ram front end like this, utilize the closed loop feedback function of digital control system, by servo feed system, realize compensation.
The present invention is by locating fluting one jiao of ram, installation and measuring bar in groove; The front end of test rod is rigidly connected by hold-down screw and ram, and rear end forms and is rigidly connected by connecting bolt and raster ruler read head mount set and grating ruler reading head; For increasing rigidity, arrange some supporting screws in test rod centre and rear end, when moving perpendicular to the bar length direction in restriction test rod edge, guarantee that test rod can be along the freely-movable of bar length direction, frictional force when reducing relative motion has installed packing ring additional between test rod and ram.Be equivalent to grating ruler reading head has been arranged on to ram foremost by test rod, if do not consider the thermal expansion of grating scale itself, can think that the ram front end, in the not impact of expanded by heating of the position of direction of feed, has guaranteed the positioning precision of ram in different thermal fields.
As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention is for eliminating the mechanical device of numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching deformation effect, and its operation principle mainly comprises two parts: real-time online detection system and real-time closed-loop feedback compensation system.
As shown in Fig. 2 ~ 14.This invention structure division mainly comprises the test rod 2 be fixed on ram 1; Trip bolt 3; Packing ring 4,6,8,10; Supporting screw 5,7,9; Attachment screw 11,12,13,14; Raster ruler read head mount set 15; Grating ruler reading head 16; Grating scale scale 17; Grating scale trip bolt 18, wherein, described trip bolt 3 is fixedly connected with ram 1 test rod 2 at front end; Thereby described packing ring 4,6,8,10 separates to reduce contact area by test rod 2 and ram 1 to reduce friction; Described supporting screw 5,7,9 is for limiting test rod 2 along perpendicular to the moving of bar length direction, but guarantees that test rod 2 is along the freely-movable of bar length direction simultaneously; Described attachment screw 11,13 is for being fixed together test rod 2 and raster ruler read head mount set 15; Described attachment screw 12,14 is for being fixed together raster ruler read head mount set 15 and grating ruler reading head 16.
When ram 1 is heated the forward end elongation, driving test rod 2 by trip bolt 3 travels forward together, by the final grating ruler reading head 16 that drives of raster ruler read head mount set 15 be connected on test rod 2, move forward, because the thermal coefficient of expansion of test rod 2 is minimum, can think that zero do not have thermal deformation, therefore the front end of test rod 2 and the displacement of rear end are consistent, that is grating ruler reading head 16 is consistent with the heat displacement amount of ram 1 front end, like this when the thermal stretching deflection of ram 1 is less than the resolution ratio of grating scale, ram 1 continues to occur the thermal stretching distortion, continue to drive the grating ruler reading head reach, until reach the resolution ratio of grating scale, when the thermal stretching deflection of ram 1 reaches the resolution ratio of grating scale, digital control system will detect this change in displacement, and feed back to the servo drive control module, and send corresponding pulse signal and control the servo feed motor reversal, make the whole ram system displacement of mobile formed objects backward, grating ruler reading head revert to the original location of instruction, plays the effect of compensation, guarantee that ram front end Cutting tool installation manner place is not subject to the impact of ram thermal stretching distortion, thereby improve the thermal state precision that it adds man-hour.By above-mentioned detection and compensation arrangement test rod, be equivalent to grating ruler reading head has been arranged on to ram foremost, if do not consider the thermal expansion of grating scale itself, can think that the ram front end, in the not impact of expanded by heating of the position of direction of feed, has guaranteed the positioning precision of ram in different thermal fields.Can guarantee the control accuracy that realizes that lathe is predetermined by Digit Control Machine Tool because the mismachining tolerance that the thermal deformation of ram causes reduces greatly after this kind of application of installation, there is good economic benefit and social benefit.
The material of described test rod 2 adopts the minimum invar alloy of thermal coefficient of expansion, and it is a kind of nickel steel alloy, is commonly called as invar or constant steel, and its thermal coefficient of expansion is about 1.2 * 10
-6/ ℃, with respect to the ram material---very little the thermal coefficient of expansion of cast iron, can think zero.The front end of test rod 2 front ends and ram 1 is fixed together by trip bolt 3, rear end and raster ruler read head mount set 15 are fixed together by connecting bolt 11,13, can axially carry out free relative motion with respect to ram 1, motion in direction perpendicular to axial direction has been limited, thereby has guaranteed being synchronized with the movement of test rod 2 and raster ruler read head mount set 15.
The mid portion of described test rod 2 has keyway, by supporting screw 5,7,9, can strengthen its rigidity, can guarantee again that test rod 2 only does the motion of test rod 2 length directions with respect to ram 1 simultaneously, and not do the motion perpendicular to the bar length direction.
Described grating ruler reading head 16 is by raster ruler read head mount set 15 and attachment screw 11, 12, 13, 14 are fixed on test rod 2, when ram 1 produces thermal deformation, by test rod 2, deflection is passed to grating ruler reading head 16, after the thermal stretching distortion of grating scale scale system senses ram 1, feed back to digital control system, controlling the servo feed motor moves accordingly, make the opposite direction motion of whole ram system to ram 1 thermal stretching distortion, thereby the real-time online of realizing ram 1 thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and the closed loop feedback compensation, the precision of assurance ram 1 front end is not subject to the impact of ram thermal stretching distortion, the final machining accuracy that guarantees lathe.
The present invention is for eliminating the mechanical device of numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching deformation effect, through evidence, the ram that can effectively reduce Digit Control Machine Tool varies with temperature the mismachining tolerance that causes dilatation to produce, reach predetermined Machine-Tool Control precision, compensation process steadily, reliably simultaneously, there is stronger practicality, can realize good economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is detected the device compensated with closed loop feedback for numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online, it is characterized in that: device is detected by real-time online and real-time closed-loop feedback compensation two large divisions forms, the front end that mainly comprises test rod (2) is fixed on ram (1), the raster ruler read head mount set (15) be connected mutually with test rod (2) rear end, grating ruler reading head (16) and be fixedly mounted on the grating scale scale (17) on the ram seat, and by the existing closed loop feedback function of digital control system, the real-time online of realizing ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and compensation.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, device by be fixed on ram (1) test rod (2), hold-down screw (3), packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10), supporting screw (5), (7), (9), attachment screw (11), (12), (13), (14), raster ruler read head mount set (15), grating ruler reading head (16) and for grating scale scale (17) and the common formation of grating scale trip bolt (18) of closed loop feedback; Wherein, described trip bolt (3) is fixedly connected with ram (1) test rod (2) at front end; Described packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10) by test rod (2) with ram (1) thus separating to reduce contact area reduces friction; Described supporting screw (5), (7), (9), for limiting test rod (2) along perpendicular to the moving of bar length direction, guarantee test rod (2) along test rod (2) but the length direction freely-movable simultaneously; Described attachment screw (11), (13) are for being fixed together test rod (2) and raster ruler read head mount set (15); Described attachment screw (12), (14) are for being fixed together raster ruler read head mount set (15) and grating ruler reading head (16).
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, test rod (2) adopts the minimum invar alloy material of thermal coefficient of expansion, the front end of test rod (2) front end and ram (1) is fixed together by trip bolt (3), test rod (2) rear end and raster ruler read head mount set (15) are by connecting bolt (11), (13) be fixed together, test rod (2) is except the front end fixing point, can axially carry out free relative motion with respect to ram (1), and be limited in the motion of direction perpendicular to axial direction, guarantee that test rod (2) and raster ruler read head mount set (15) are synchronized with the movement.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mid portion of test rod (2) has keyway, can strengthen its rigidity by supporting screw (5), (7), (9), can guarantee again that test rod (2) only does the motion of bar length direction with respect to ram (1) simultaneously, and not do the motion perpendicular to the bar length direction.
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described invar alloy is nickel steel alloy, is commonly called as invar, constant steel, and its thermal coefficient of expansion is about 1.2 * 10
-6/ ℃.
6. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grating ruler reading head (16) is fixed on the rear end of the test rod (2) mutually be connected at front end with ram, and grating scale scale (17) is fixed on the ram seat that supports ram apparatus.
7. one kind is detected the device detection method compensated with closed loop feedback for numerical control machine tool ram thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy real-time online, it is characterized in that, and by slotting at (1) one jiao of place of ram, installation and measuring bar (2) in groove; The front end of test rod (2) is rigidly connected by hold-down screw (3) and ram (1), and the rear end of test rod (2) forms and is rigidly connected with grating ruler reading head (16) by connecting bolt and raster ruler read head mount set (15); When moving perpendicular to the bar length direction in restriction test rod (2) edge, guarantee that test rod (2) can be along the freely-movable of bar length direction, frictional force when reducing relative motion has installed packing ring (4), (6), (8), (10) additional between test rod (2) and ram (1).
8. device detection method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, grating ruler reading head (16) is by raster ruler read head mount set (15) and attachment screw (11), (12), (13), (14) be fixed on test rod (2), when ram (1) produces thermal deformation, by test rod (2), deflection is passed to grating ruler reading head (16), after grating ruler reading head (16) perceives the thermal stretching distortion of ram (1), feed back to digital control system, controlling the servo feed motor moves accordingly, make the opposite direction motion of whole ram system to ram (1) thermal stretching distortion, the real-time online that completes ram (1) thermal stretching distortion inaccuracy detects and the closed loop feedback compensation, allow the precision of ram (1) front end not be subject to the impact of ram thermal stretching distortion, guarantee the machining accuracy of lathe.
9. device detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described compensation is the closed loop feedback function by digital control system, and " servo " function of system realizes compensation and not needing extra compensate control apparatus automatically.
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| CN104690606A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-06-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Structural device for controlling heat errors of numerical control machine tool ram |
| CN104741973A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-01 | 吉林大学珠海学院 | Grating ruler |
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| CN105415092A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波天瑞精工机械有限公司 | Temperature compensation method for motorized spindle of numerical control machine tool |
| CN105983883A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-10-05 | 沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司 | Thermal deformation compensation mechanism and method for ram main shaft of boring and milling machine |
| CN106975959A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-25 | 沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司 | Rotary shaft feed arrangement with thermal stretching collocation structure |
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| CN117900897A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 济南二机床集团有限公司 | Thermal deformation compensation method of workbench mobile machine tool |
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