CN111889699B - Application method of quick cutter servo device - Google Patents

Application method of quick cutter servo device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111889699B
CN111889699B CN202010778729.7A CN202010778729A CN111889699B CN 111889699 B CN111889699 B CN 111889699B CN 202010778729 A CN202010778729 A CN 202010778729A CN 111889699 B CN111889699 B CN 111889699B
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tool
cutter
curved surface
complex curved
target complex
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CN111889699A (en
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戴一帆
彭小强
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National University of Defense Technology
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/06—Turning-machines or devices characterised only by the special arrangement of constructional units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/28—Electric drives

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick cutter servo device which comprises a base, a cutter moving assembly and a linear motor arranged on the base, wherein the cutter is connected with the linear motor through the cutter moving assembly, the cutter moving assembly comprises a movable rod, a linear guide rail and a sliding block, the linear guide rail is arranged on the base, the sliding block is arranged on the linear guide rail in a sliding mode, the movable rod is fixedly connected with the sliding block, one end of the movable rod is connected with the linear motor, and the other end of the movable rod is connected with the cutter. The linear guide rail is adopted in the cutter moving assembly, the rigidity of the linear guide rail is high, the quick cutter servo processing device can be used in heavy cutting occasions, the linear motor is adopted to drive the cutter, the stroke of the linear motor is larger than that of an existing piezoelectric driver, and turning processing with high rigidity and large stroke can be realized.

Description

Application method of quick cutter servo device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a precision machining device, in particular to a high-rigidity and large-stroke quick cutter servo device.
Background
The fast tool servo device can be used for calculating the feed amount according to the read signals of the lathe spindle and the X axis and a cylindrical coordinate system (X, theta, z) and then controlling the fast response tool rest, so that the turning processing of the non-revolution curved surface or the shape can be realized. Therefore, the quick tool servo device is widely applied to non-circular piston turning, complex optical curved surface ultra-precision turning, roller surface microstructure turning and the like.
The piezoelectric ceramic driver pushing flexible mechanism is the main form of the existing quick cutter servo device. The flexible hinge should be rigid enough to provide the motion restoring force, but the larger rigidity of the flexible hinge can cause the effective displacement loss of the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the quick cutter driven by the piezoelectric ceramics generally has smaller free stroke, only has about hundreds of micrometers, and is only suitable for processing shapes with smaller amplitude of waviness. The quick cutter servo device in the prior art generally adopts air-floating guide rail guiding, although the structure can realize the output of large stroke, the complexity is increased because the air-floating guide rail is introduced into the system, and the rigidity and the bearing of the air-floating guide rail are relatively small, so the device is only suitable for the processing field with small cutting force.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a quick cutter servo device, wherein a linear guide rail is adopted in a cutter movement assembly, the rigidity of the linear guide rail is higher, and the quick cutter servo processing device can be ensured to be used in heavy cutting occasions; the linear motor is adopted to drive the cutter, has larger stroke compared with the traditional piezoelectric driver, and can realize turning with high rigidity and large stroke.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention firstly provides a quick cutter servo device which comprises a base, a cutter moving assembly and a linear motor arranged on the base, wherein the cutter is connected with the linear motor through the cutter moving assembly, the cutter moving assembly comprises a linear guide rail and a sliding block, the linear guide rail is arranged on the base, and the sliding block is arranged on the linear guide rail in a sliding mode and is respectively connected with the cutter and the linear motor.
Preferably, linear electric motor includes the shell, but the embedded removal coil that is equipped with permanent magnet stator and reciprocating motion of shell, be connected with the movable rod on the removal coil and link to each other with the slider through the movable rod, be equipped with the airtight cavity that is used for as the circulating water passageway between the inner wall of shell and the surface of permanent magnet stator, circulating water entry and circulating water export have been seted up to the shell, airtight cavity and circulating water entry, circulating water export intercommunication, be equipped with thermal-insulated gasket between movable rod and the removal coil.
Preferably, a cutter seat and an adapter are arranged between the cutter and the movable rod, the cutter is arranged on the cutter seat, the movable rod is connected with the adapter, the cutter seat is arranged on the adapter, the adapter is provided with an installation groove in the vertical direction, the cutter seat is arranged in the mounting groove in a sliding manner, a threaded hole is formed in the height direction of the adapter piece, the mounting groove is communicated with the threaded hole, an adjusting screw matched with the threaded hole is arranged in the threaded hole, the adjusting screw passes through the threaded hole to be connected with the cutter seat through threads, the quick cutter servo device also comprises a grating ruler, the main scale of the grating scale is fixed on the movable rod, the reading head of the grating scale is fixed on the base, guide rail pressing blocks used for adjusting the straightness of the linear guide rail are arranged on two sides of the linear guide rail along the linear gaps respectively, and the guide rail pressing blocks are in close contact with the linear guide rail.
Preferably, two limit switches used for limiting the stroke of the sliding block are arranged on the base, the limit switches are connected with the control unit, the limit switches are respectively arranged at two ends of the stroke of the sliding block, a buffer piece used for limiting the advancing position of the moving coil is arranged on the base, a limit rod used for limiting the retreating position of the moving coil is arranged in the shell, a shell is arranged outside the cutter moving assembly and the linear motor, the movable rod penetrates through the shell, and a telescopic protective sleeve is arranged between the shell and the movable rod.
Compared with the prior art, the quick cutter servo device has the advantages that:
1. the cutter moving assembly adopts the linear guide rail which has higher rigidity, and can ensure that the quick cutter servo processing device is used in heavy cutting occasions.
2. The invention adopts the linear motor to drive the cutter, and the linear motor has larger stroke compared with the traditional piezoelectric driver.
In addition, the invention also provides an application method of the quick cutter servo device, which is used for the servo processing of the quick axis of the complex curved surface and comprises the following steps:
1) determining cutting parameters and tool geometric parameters;
2) generating tool track driving points aiming at a surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface so as to obtain a tool machining track formed by all the tool track driving points;
3) tool radius compensation is carried out on the tool machining track formed by all tool track driving points;
4) generating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program according to the cutting parameters and the cutter geometric parameters and the cutter processing track after cutter radius compensation;
5) and operating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program to carry out fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece.
Optionally, the cutting parameters include spindle rotation speed, feed speed of the X-axis, and the tool geometric parameters include tool rake angle, tool relief angle, and tool arc radius.
Optionally, the step of generating a tool trajectory driving point for the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface in step 2) includes: x-axis feed displacement r to X-axis at equal angle and with specified sampling periodiAnd angle of rotation theta of main shaftjSampling, and calculating a series of tool path driving points z according to the surface function expression of the processed target complex curved surfacei,j＝f(ri,θj) These tool path drive points constitute a tool processing path.
Optionally, when the tool radius compensation is performed in step 3), the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the tool radius compensation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000031
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feeding displacement, f is the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface, and r is the point E1X-axis feed displacement of (r, z), r0Is point E (r)0,z0) X-axis feed displacement of (R)0Is the radius of the tool arc, theta is the angle of rotation of the spindle, E (r)0,z0) Is an arbitrary point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface, E1(r, z) is point E (r)0,z0) The radius of the tool is compensated, and then the corresponding point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface is obtained.
Optionally, in step 1), the target complex curved surface is a sinusoidal radial curved surface, and a surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
z＝Asin(mθ)
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, A is the amplitude of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface, m is the periodicity, and theta is the rotation angle of the main shaft;
the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface after the cutter radius compensation is carried out on the sine radioactive ray curved surface is as follows:
z(r,θ)＝Asin(mθ)+R0
in the above formula, Z (r, theta) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, and A is the sine valueAmplitude of ray curved surface, m is period number, theta is rotation angle of main shaft, R0Is the arc radius of the cutter.
Optionally, in step 1), the target complex curved surface is a concave spherical array, and the surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000032
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, R is the radius of curvature of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, (R isc,θc) Is the lens center polar coordinate;
the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the concave spherical array is subjected to cutter radius compensation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000033
in the above formula, Z (R, θ) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, R is the curvature radius of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, θ is the rotation angle of the main axis, (R is the rotation angle of the main axisc,θc) Is the lens central polar coordinate, R0Is the arc radius of the cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the application method of the quick cutter servo device has the following advantages: the complex curved surface fast axis servo processing method of the invention generates the cutter track driving points aiming at the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface, thereby obtaining the cutter processing track formed by all the cutter track driving points and carrying out the cutter radius compensation; and generating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program according to the cutting parameters and the cutter geometric parameters and the cutter processing track after the cutter radius compensation, and performing fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece. The invention can realize high-efficiency precision machining of various typical complex curved surfaces, and the arc radius compensation of the tool nose is carried out, so that the over-cutting phenomenon of the tool cannot be generated along the radial direction of machining, thereby effectively improving the machining precision of the complex curved surface shape and having the characteristics of high frequency response and high precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the internal structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the internal structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the movable rod structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the linear guide structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an external structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a basic flow of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the radius compensation of the tool in the embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1-a base; 11-limit switches; 12-a buffer; 2-cutting tools; 3-a cutter moving component; 31-a movable rod; 32-linear guide rails; 33-a slide block; 4-a linear motor; 41-a housing; 411-circulating water inlet; 412-circulating water outlet; 42-a moving coil; 43-housing floor; 5-a tool base; 51-a mounting plate; 6-an adapter; 61-adjusting screws; 7-a grating ruler; 71-main ruler; 72-a reading head; 8-a shell; 81-an inlet aperture; 82-an outlet orifice; 9-a telescopic protective sleeve; 101-mounting a bracket; 102-a thermally insulating spacer; 103-guide rail pressing block; 104-set screw.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fast tool servo device of the present embodiment includes a base 1, a tool 2, a tool moving assembly 3 and a linear motor 4 disposed on the base 1, the tool 2 is connected to the linear motor 4 through the tool moving assembly 3, the tool moving assembly 3 includes a linear guide rail 32 and a slider 33, the linear guide rail 32 is disposed on the base 1, and the slider 33 is slidably disposed on the linear guide rail 32 and is respectively connected to the tool 2 and the linear motor 4. The tool moving assembly 3 of the embodiment adopts the linear guide rail 32, and the linear guide rail 32 has higher rigidity and can be used in heavy cutting occasions; in the embodiment, the linear motor 4 is adopted to drive the cutter 2, and the linear motor 4 has a larger stroke compared with the conventional piezoelectric driver, so that the turning with high rigidity and a large stroke can be realized.
In the embodiment, the linear guide rail 32 is an ultra-precise linear ball guide rail, the effective stroke is 100mm, the straightness is in the grade of 1 μm, and lubricating grease and the like are not required to be added in the design life. Compared with an air-float guide rail, the linear guide rail 32 is simple and convenient to use and maintain, and the rigidity and the bearing capacity of the linear guide rail 32 are far higher than those of the air-float guide rail, so that the linear guide rail can be used for medium-degree heavy-load cutting. The linear guide 32 may be other forms of linear guides, such as roller guides, in addition to the ultra-precise linear ball guides of the present embodiment, and may also achieve higher load bearing and stiffness.
The linear motor 4 of this embodiment is a tubular linear motor, and the tubular linear motor can realize dozens of millimeters long-stroke high-frequency reciprocating motion, is far greater than the piezoelectric actuator, ensures that the lathe work of large stroke can be realized.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the linear motor 4 includes a housing 41, a permanent magnet stator and a moving coil 42 capable of reciprocating are embedded in the housing 41, the moving coil 42 is connected to a moving rod 31 and connected to a slider 33 through the moving rod 31, a closed cavity serving as a circulating water channel is disposed between an inner wall of the housing 41 and an outer surface of the permanent magnet stator, the housing 41 is provided with a circulating water inlet 411 and a circulating water outlet 412, the closed cavity is communicated with the circulating water inlet 411 and the circulating water outlet 412, and the circulating water inlet 411 and the circulating water outlet 412 are respectively connected to a cooling machine to form a circulating water cooling loop, so that precision loss caused by temperature rise during operation of the linear motor 4 can be reduced. In this embodiment, the moving coil 42 is disposed at one end of the housing 41, the housing bottom plate 43 is mounted at the other end of the housing 41, the permanent magnet stator is fixed on the housing bottom plate 43 by a bolt, and the front end of the moving coil 42 is provided with a threaded hole and connected to the movable rod 31 by a bolt.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, a heat insulating spacer 102 is disposed between the movable rod 31 and the moving coil 42 for preventing heat generated by the high-speed movement of the moving coil 42 from being transferred to the movable rod 31 to cause thermal elongation of the tool 2.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, a tool holder 5 and an adaptor 6 are provided between the tool 2 and the movable rod 31, the tool 2 is mounted on the tool holder 5, the movable rod 31 is connected to the adaptor 6, and the tool holder 5 is mounted on the adaptor 6. Adaptor 6 in this embodiment is equipped with the mounting groove of vertical direction, and cutter holder 5 slides and sets up in the mounting groove, and the direction of height of adaptor 6 sets up threaded hole, mounting groove and screw hole intercommunication are equipped with in the screw hole with screw hole complex adjusting screw 61, adjusting screw 61 passes screw hole and cutter holder 5 threaded connection, and above-mentioned structure can realize the fine setting to cutter holder 5 height through rotating adjusting screw 61.
As shown in fig. 4, a mounting plate 51 is disposed on the tool seat 5 of this embodiment, and after an operator rotates an adjusting screw 61 to adjust the tool seat 5 to a suitable height, the mounting plate 51 is fixedly connected to the adaptor 6 through a screw, so that the tool seat 5 is fixed to the adaptor 6.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the fast tool servo device in this embodiment further includes a grating ruler 7, a main ruler 71 of the grating ruler 7 is fixed on the movable rod 31, the main ruler 71 of this embodiment is installed at the center of the top of the movable rod 31, and an axis of the main ruler 71 is parallel to an axis of the movable rod 31, so that the distance between the axis of the main ruler 71 and the axis of the movable rod 31 is the closest, the abbe error is the smallest, and the servo feedback accuracy is improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the linear guide 32 in this embodiment is fixed on the base 1 by a fixing screw 104, guide pressing blocks 103 are respectively arranged on both sides of the linear guide 32 along a linear gap, the guide pressing blocks 103 are in close contact with the linear guide 32, and the linearity of the linear guide 32 can be finely adjusted by the guide pressing blocks 103 on both sides.
As shown in fig. 3, two limit switches 11 for limiting the stroke of the slider 33 are disposed on the base 1 in the present embodiment, the limit switches 11 are connected to the control unit, and the limit switches 11 are respectively disposed at two ends of the stroke of the slider 33. When the movable rod 31 drives the sliding block 33 to exceed the designed stroke, the sliding block 33 triggers the limit switch 11, the control unit immediately cuts off the power supply, the driving force of the linear motor 4 is reduced to zero, and the safety of the whole device is protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the base 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a buffer 12 for limiting the forward position of the moving coil 42, and the housing 41 is provided with a stopper rod (not shown) for limiting the backward position of the moving coil 42. The end parts of the buffer 12 and the limiting rod of the embodiment are provided with elastic materials such as polyurethane blocks, and the buffer 12 of the embodiment can also adopt standard parts such as a buffer cylinder. The buffer 12 and the limiting rod respectively limit two directions of the linear motion of the moving coil 42, and safety protection is additionally provided outside the electric limiting assembly (the limit switch 11) to prevent the moving coil 42 from exceeding a safety stroke.
As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, a housing 8 is disposed outside the tool moving assembly 3 and the linear motor 4, the movable rod 31 passes through the housing 8, a telescopic protective sleeve 9 is disposed between the housing 8 and the movable rod 31, and the housing 8 is further provided with an inlet hole 81 corresponding to the circulating water inlet 411 and an outlet hole 82 corresponding to the circulating water outlet 412. The casing 8 is installed on the base 1, and the cooperation is flexible protective sheath 9 with the whole covers of cutter motion subassembly 3, linear electric motor 4, grating chi 7 inside, has both guaranteed the seesaw of cutter 2, has protected important component again not to receive impurity pollution such as processing environment water, oil, smear metal.
The fast tool servo device of the embodiment can be used for being installed on a lathe or a roller processing machine tool to process non-rotary shapes, the height difference of the non-rotary shapes can reach the magnitude of several millimeters, and materials can comprise plastics, nonferrous metals and ferrous metals and cover light cutting and medium heavy cutting.
As shown in fig. 7, this embodiment further provides an application method of the foregoing fast tool servo device to be applied to complex curved surface fast axis servo processing, where the steps for complex curved surface fast axis servo processing include:
1) determining cutting parameters and tool geometric parameters;
2) generating tool track driving points aiming at a surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface so as to obtain a tool machining track formed by all the tool track driving points;
3) tool radius compensation is carried out on the tool machining track formed by all tool track driving points;
4) generating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program according to the cutting parameters and the cutter geometric parameters and the cutter processing track after cutter radius compensation;
5) and operating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program to carry out fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece.
In the embodiment, the radius compensation of the tool is performed on the tool machining track formed by all the tool track driving points through the step 3), so that the contour of the tool is tangent to the contour line of the surface along the radius direction, and the over-cutting phenomenon in the actual machining process is avoided.
In this embodiment, the cutting parameters include a spindle rotation speed and an X-axis feeding speed, and the tool geometric parameters include a tool rake angle, a tool relief angle and a tool arc radius. When the cutting parameters and the tool geometric parameters are determined, the proper cutting parameters and the tool geometric parameters are designed according to the characteristics of the fast axis servo machining process and the cutting performance of materials so as to ensure the quality of the machined surface.
In this embodiment, the step of generating the tool trajectory driving point for the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface in step 2) includes: x-axis feed displacement r to X-axis at equal angle and with specified sampling periodiAnd angle of rotation theta of main shaftjSampling, and calculating a series of tool path driving points z according to the surface function expression of the processed target complex curved surfacei,j＝f(ri,θj) These tool path drive points constitute a tool processing path.
In this embodiment, when the tool radius compensation is performed in step 3), the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the tool radius compensation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000071
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feeding displacement, f is the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface, and r is the point E1X-axis feed displacement of (r, z), r0Is point E (r)0,z0) X-axis feed displacement of (R)0Is the radius of the tool arc, theta is the angle of rotation of the spindle, E (r)0,z0) Is an arbitrary point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface, E1(r, z) is point E (r)0,z0) The radius of the tool is compensated, and then the corresponding point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface is obtained.
The tool feed motion of the fast axis servo machining is performed under a rectangular coordinate system or a cylindrical coordinate system. And (3) calculating the three-dimensional coordinates (r, theta, Z) of the tool location point according to the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, Z) of the surface type of the workpiece and a tool machining path generating algorithm, and conveniently assuming that the reference plane of the rectangular coordinate system is the XY plane in the rectangular coordinate system and the cylindrical axis is the Z axis of the rectangular coordinate system in the conversion of the rectangular coordinate system and the cylindrical coordinate system. The z-coordinate is the same between the rectangular and cylindrical coordinates. The relationship between the rectangular coordinates (x, y, z) and the cylindrical coordinate system (r, θ, z) is shown as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000072
tool radius compensation is a critical step in tool trajectory generation. The point of contact between the arc-edge diamond tool and the surface of the workpiece used in the fast axis servo machining process is called a tool contact point, and the point determining the position of the tool is a tool position point. The tool location point is selected from a tool tip vertex and a tool arc center, the center of the tool arc is selected as the tool location point of the tool, and the tool processing path is the relative motion track between the tool location point and the workpiece. In the machining process, if the radius compensation of the circular arc of the tool nose is not carried out, the over-cutting phenomenon of the tool can be generated along the radial direction of machining, and the machining precision of the complex curved surface shape can be adversely affected, so the radius compensation design of the tool is required. The cross-sectional curve of the complex curved surface at a certain rotation angle theta and the center path of the tool are shown in fig. 8. Wherein, the contour curve Z of the curved surface to be processed0＝f(r0Theta) is EF, tool halfThe center track of the cutter after diameter compensation is E1F1. The central trajectory line of the cutter arc and the contour line of the workpiece surface are equidistant lines. The point E on the contour of the machined surface has a unique corresponding point E on the tool center path1。EE1The normal distance between the section curve and the center track of the cutter, and the length is equal to the radius R of the circular arc of the cutter0Beta is the tool center trajectory EE after tool radius compensation1And the Z axis. In general, the trajectory equation of the contour curve of the machining surface is known, and an equidistant trajectory equation of the center of the tool, that is, the tool radius compensated tool position trajectory expression Z of fast axis servo machining, can be calculated through a geometrical relationship. The derivation process of equation (1) is as follows:
processing any point E (r) on the contour curve of the curved surface under a certain rotation angle theta of the main shaft0,z0) The formula of the tangent slope of (c) is:
Figure GDA0003104179560000081
in the above formula, tg represents the slope of a tangent line at any point on the contour curve of the curved surface to be processed, and β is EE1Angle to the Z axis, Z0Representing the curve equation of the profile of the curved surface to be machined, r0Is point E (r)0,z0) X-axis feed displacement of E (r)0,z0) F is any point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface, and is a surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface.
When the radius compensation of the cutter is carried out in the step 2), the target complex curved surface after the radius compensation of the cutter is an equidistant curve of the target complex curved surface, and for a point E (r)0,z0) The corresponding point on the equidistant curve is E1(r, z), the geometric relationship between two points can be described as:
Figure GDA0003104179560000082
in the above formula, Z0Representing the curve equation of the profile of the curved surface to be machined, r0Is point E (r)0,z0) X-axis feed displacement of E (r)0,z0) Is any point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface, R0Is the radius of the arc of the tool, r is the point E1X-axis feed displacement of (r, z), E1(r, z) is point E (r)0,z0) Beta is the tool center trajectory EE after the tool radius compensation1And the Z axis.
From Z0＝f(r0θ) knowing:
Z＝f(r-R0sinβ,θ)-R0cosβ (5)
and has a triangular relation:
Figure GDA0003104179560000083
the formula (5) is substituted with the formula (3) and the formula (6), so that a tool center trajectory formula can be obtained, that is, the surface function expression (1) of the target complex curved surface after the tool radius compensation is performed in the step 2) of the embodiment.
In step 4) of this embodiment, when a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program are generated according to a cutting parameter, a tool geometric parameter, and a tool machining trajectory after tool radius compensation, the fast axis cutting program is compiled at a PC, and after an appropriate machining parameter and path compensation are actually selected, an ideal machining surface should be a surface formed after a tool contour line moves along a machining path. And (3) installing the workpiece on the main shaft of the ultra-precision lathe, and executing the step 5) to run a numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program of the lathe to carry out fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface needs to generate a complex curved surface according to the fast axis servo processing principle and the surface structure characteristics of the complex curved surface, and solve the expression of the complex curved surface. The definition of the target complex surface is as follows: the surface is fluctuated, the surface shape is steep, and the surface is discontinuous. It should be noted that the method of the present embodiment can implement efficient precision machining of various target complex curved surfaces that meet the above definitions.
As an optional implementation manner, in step 1), the target complex curved surface is a sinusoidal radial curved surface, and a surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
z＝Asin(mθ) (7)
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, A is the amplitude of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface, m is the periodicity, and theta is the rotation angle of the main shaft;
the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface after the cutter radius compensation is carried out on the sine radioactive ray curved surface is as follows:
z(r,θ)＝Asin(mθ)+R0 (8)
in the above formula, Z (R, theta) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, A is the amplitude of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface, m is the cycle number, theta is the rotation angle of the main shaft, R0The arc radius of the cutter is compensated by the method, so that the contour of the cutter is tangent to the contour line of the surface along the radius direction, and the over-cutting phenomenon in the actual machining process is avoided. In the embodiment, the workpiece material of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface is duralumin, the caliber of the workpiece is 40mm, and when the cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the cutter are determined in the step 1), the rotating speed of a main shaft is 100rpm, the feeding speed of an X shaft is 1mm/min, and the rake angle gamma of the cutter0Is 0 DEG, relief angle
Figure GDA0003104179560000091
Is-10 degrees, and the radius of the circular arc of the cutter is 0.5 mm.
As an optional implementation manner, in step 1), the target complex curved surface is a concave spherical array, and a surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000092
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, R is the radius of curvature of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, (R isc,θc) Is the lens center polar coordinate;
the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the concave spherical array is subjected to cutter radius compensation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003104179560000093
in the above formula, Z (R, θ) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, R is the curvature radius of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, θ is the rotation angle of the main axis, (R is the rotation angle of the main axisc,θc) Is the lens central polar coordinate, R0The arc radius of the cutter is compensated by the method, so that the contour of the cutter is tangent to the contour line of the surface along the radius direction, and the over-cutting phenomenon in the actual machining process is avoided. In the embodiment, the workpiece material of the concave spherical array is hard aluminum, the caliber of the workpiece is 40mm, and when the cutting parameters and the geometric parameters of the cutter are determined in the step 1), the rotating speed of a main shaft is 100rpm, the feeding speed of an X shaft is 1mm/min, and the rake angle gamma of the cutter0Is 0 DEG, relief angle
Figure GDA0003104179560000094
Is-10 degrees, and the radius of the circular arc of the cutter is 0.5 mm.
Step 5) operating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program to carry out fast axis servo processing on a complex curved surface of a workpiece, firstly, building a fast axis servo processing system, installing a fast axis device on a Z axis slide carriage of the ultra-precision lathe, and installing a diamond cutter on a tool rest of the fast axis servo device; and then, mounting the workpiece to be processed on a main shaft of the ultra-precision lathe, operating a numerical control program and a fast axis cutting program of the lathe, and controlling the fast axis servo to process the required complex curved surface through a motion controller.
To sum up, the application method of this embodiment generates the tool trajectory driving points for the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface, so as to obtain the tool processing trajectory composed of all tool trajectory driving points and perform tool radius compensation; and generating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program according to the cutting parameters and the cutter geometric parameters and the cutter processing track after the cutter radius compensation, and performing fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece. The invention can realize high-efficiency precision machining of various typical complex curved surfaces, and the arc radius compensation of the tool nose is carried out, so that the over-cutting phenomenon of the tool cannot be generated along the radial direction of machining, thereby effectively improving the machining precision of the complex curved surface shape and having the characteristics of high frequency response and high precision.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an application method of quick cutter servo device, characterized in that, quick cutter servo device includes base (1), cutter (2), cutter motion subassembly (3) and sets up linear electric motor (4) on base (1), cutter (2) are connected through cutter motion subassembly (3) and linear electric motor (4), its characterized in that, cutter motion subassembly (3) are including linear guide rail (32) and slider (33), linear guide rail (32) set up on base (1), slider (33) sliding arrangement is on linear guide rail (32) and respectively with cutter (2), linear electric motor (4) be connected, quick cutter servo device is used for the step of the quick axle servo processing of complicated curved surface to include:
1) determining cutting parameters and tool geometric parameters;
2) generating tool track driving points aiming at a surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface so as to obtain a tool machining track formed by all the tool track driving points;
3) tool radius compensation is carried out on the tool machining track formed by all tool track driving points; and the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the cutter radius compensation is carried out during the cutter radius compensation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003104179550000011
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feeding displacement, f is the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface, and r is the point E1X-axis feed displacement of (r, z), r0Is point E (r)0,z0) X-axis feed displacement of (R)0Is the radius of the tool arc, theta is the angle of rotation of the spindle, E (r)0,z0) Is an arbitrary point on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface, E1(r, z) is point E (r)0,z0) The radius of the cutter is compensated, and then corresponding points on the contour curve of the target complex curved surface are obtained;
4) generating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program according to the cutting parameters and the cutter geometric parameters and the cutter processing track after cutter radius compensation;
5) and operating a lathe numerical control program and a fast axis servo cutting program to carry out fast axis servo processing on the complex curved surface of the workpiece.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cutting parameters include spindle speed, X-axis feed speed, and the tool geometry parameters include tool rake angle, tool relief angle, and tool radius.
3. The method for applying the fast tool servo device according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the tool trajectory driving point for the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface in step 2) comprises: x-axis feed displacement r to X-axis at equal angle and with specified sampling periodiAnd angle of rotation theta of main shaftjSampling, and calculating a series of tool path driving points z according to the surface function expression of the processed target complex curved surfacei,j＝f(ri,θj) These tool path drive points constitute a tool processing path.
4. The application method of the fast tool servo device according to claim 1, wherein the target complex curved surface in step 1) is a sinusoidal radial curved surface, and the surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
z＝Asin(mθ)
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, A is the amplitude of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface, m is the periodicity, and theta is the rotation angle of the main shaft;
the surface type function expression of the target complex curved surface after the cutter radius compensation is carried out on the sine radioactive ray curved surface is as follows:
z(r,θ)＝Asin(mθ)+R0
in the above formula, Z (R, theta) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, A is the amplitude of the sinusoidal radioactive curved surface, m is the cycle number, theta is the rotation angle of the main shaft, R0Is the arc radius of the cutter.
5. The application method of the fast tool servo device according to claim 1, wherein the target complex curved surface in step 1) is a concave spherical array, and the surface type function expression for generating the target complex curved surface is as follows:
Figure FDA0003104179550000021
in the above formula, Z is the Z-axis feed displacement, R is the curvature radius of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, theta is the rotation angle of the main axis, (R)c,θc) Is the lens center polar coordinate;
the surface function expression of the target complex curved surface after the concave spherical array is subjected to cutter radius compensation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003104179550000022
in the above formula, Z (R, θ) is the Z-axis feed displacement after the tool radius compensation, R is the curvature radius of the spherical lens, R is the X-axis feed displacement, H is the maximum depth of the lens, θ is the rotation angle of the main axis, (R is the rotation angle of the main axisc,θc) Is the lens central polar coordinate, R0Is the arc radius of the cutter.
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