CN103492671B - 控制使用粘性开关的自动阀中的流体流动的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述的是一种用于自动地控制井眼中的管内流体流动的装置和方法。流体流过入口通道而进入偏置机构内。在偏置结构上建立流体流动分布。流体流动分布响应于流体特性随时间的改变而改变。作为响应,流过下游粘性开关的流体改变,由此改变下游涡旋组件中的流体流动模式。该方法基于流体的特性,例如粘度、密度、速度、流量等进行选择。偏置机构可采用多种形式,例如加宽通道、沿偏置机构的轮廓元件、或偏置机构通道的弯曲段。偏置机构可包括在通道壁中形成的空心部、从通道壁伸出的障碍部、射流二极管、特斯拉射流二极管、弯道、或通道截面中的突变部。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张享有2011年4月8日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/473,669的优先权,其就所有目的而言通过援引并入本文。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及使用“粘性开关”或偏置机构来控制流体流动的自动流体阀的控制方法和装置,且更具体地涉及使用这样的机构来控制含烃地层与井眼中的下井仪器串之间的流体流动。
背景技术
在横贯含烃地层的完井期间,生产管与各种设备被安装在井中,以便能够安全高效地生产流体。例如,为防止从未固结或松散固结的地层产出颗粒材料,某些完井包括一个或多个位置接近于期望的生产层段的防砂筛。在其它完井中,为控制进入生产管的生产流体的流量,通常的实践是完井管柱安装有一个或多个流入控制装置。
来自任何指定生产管段的产品都经常会含有多种流体成分,例如天然气、油和水,生产流体的成分比例随着时间而改变。由此,随着流体成分的比例改变,流体流动的特征将同样改变。例如,当生产流体具有按比例含量较高的天然气时,与当流体具有按比例含量较高的油时相比,流体的粘度和流体的密度将会较低。通常期望减小或阻止一种组分的产出而需要另一种组分的产出。例如,在产油井中,可能期望减小或消除天然气的产出,而使产油量最大化。虽然已经利用各种井下工具,以基于这些井下工具来控制流体的流动,但仍然需要用于控制流体流入而且在各种流动条件下可靠的流动控制系统。此外,还需要自动地操作、即响应于变化的井下条件而无需来自地表的操作员的信号的流动控制系统。此外,还需要一种流动控制系统,其无需使在不利的井下条件(包括由流体导致的侵蚀或砂阻塞效应)下受损的机械部件移动。注入情形(其中流体流入地层内而不是离开地层)下会出现类似的问题。
发明内容
描述的是一种用于自动地控制位于井眼中的管内的流体流动的装置和方法,井眼延伸通过含烃地层。在所述方法中,流体通过入口通道进入偏置机构内。第一流体流动分布被建立在流动偏置机构的出口上。流体流动响应于流体特性随时间的改变,而被改变成在流动偏置机构的出口上的第二流动分布。作为响应,通过下游粘性开关组件的流体流动被改变,由此改变下游涡旋组件中的流体流动模式。借助引起通过涡旋组件的或多或少的螺旋式流动,通过涡旋组件的流体流动“选择”具有优选特性、例如具有较大或较小的粘度、密度、或较大或较小的速度等的流体。
偏置机构可采用多种实施例。偏置机构可包括加宽流体通道,优选地在上游端较窄而在下游端较宽。可选地,偏置机构能包括沿偏置机构的至少一侧的至少一个轮廓元件。轮廓元件可以是在通道壁中形成的空心部,或从通道壁伸出的障碍部。偏置机构可包括射流二极管、特斯拉射流二极管、弯道(chicane)、通道截面中的突变部、或通道的弯曲段。
井下管可包括多个流动控制系统。流动控制系统能够用于生产和注入方法。流动控制系统根据特性随时间的改变而自动地选择具有期望特性的流体。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解本发明的特征和优点,现在连同附图参考本发明的详细描述,其中,不同图中相应的数字指代相应的部件,附图中:
图1是体现本发明的原理的包括多个自动流动控制系统的井系统的示意图;
图2是筛系统和本发明的流动控制系统的实施例的侧向剖视图;
图3是现有技术的“控制喷射”类型的自动流动控制系统60的代表性示意图;
图4A-图4B是将现有技术的控制喷射类型的自动阀组件与本申请所述粘性开关类型的自动阀组件进行比较的流程图;
图5是根据本发明的方案的粘性开关类型自动阀的优选实施例的示意图;
图6A-图6B是流过示例性的组件的粘度相对较大流体的图示;
图7A-图7B是流过示例性的组件的粘度相对较小流体的图示;
图8是具有偏置机构的本发明的替换实施例的示意图,偏置机构采用壁轮廓元件;
图9是具有偏置元件的本发明的替换实施例的详细示意图,偏置元件包括轮廓元件并具有阶梯剖面的通道形状;
图10是具有如偏置机构中的轮廓元件的射流二极管形状的切断的示意图;
图11是沿流体通道的第一侧具有特斯拉二极管的本发明的替换实施例的示意图;以及
图12是具有弯道214或具有由多个位于沿通道的侧面的流动障碍部218与220产生的弯曲216的偏置机构通道141的段的本发明的替换实施例的示意图。本领域技术人员应理解,使用的方向术语,例如之上、之下、上部、下部、向上、向下等是关于图中示出的说明性实施例使用的,向上方向为相应的图的顶部,向下方向为向相应的图的底部。如果不是这样的情况,术语被用来指示需要的取向,说明书将说明或使其清楚。井上和井下被用来指示关于地表的相对位置或方向,上游指示沿井眼朝向地表的相对位置或运动,下游指示沿井眼进一步远离地表的相对位置或运动,不管是否在水平、偏斜或竖直井眼。术语上游和下游用来指示流体关于流体流动的方向的相对位置或运动。
具体实施方式
虽然以下详细地讨论了本发明的各种实施例的形成和使用,但是本领域技术人员将理解本发明提供能够在许多具体的环境下实施的可应用的发明构思。本文讨论的具体实施例是对本发明的形成和使用的具体方式的说明,而并不限制本发明的范围。
图1是概括地以“10”来表示的井系统的示意图,该井系统包括多个体现本发明的原理的自动流动控制系统。井眼12延伸通过各种地层。井眼12具有大体竖直段14,大体竖直段的上部中安装有套管柱16。井眼12还具有大体偏斜段18(示出为水平),大体偏斜段延伸通过含烃地层20。如图所示,井眼12的大体水平段18是裸眼。虽然这里示出裸眼、井眼的水平段,但本发明将在任何取向上、而且在裸眼或套管孔中均有效。本发明也将同样地在注入系统中有效,如前所述。
被设置于井眼12内并从地表延伸的是管柱22。管柱22为流体从地层20向上游行进到地表提供了管路。多个自动流动控制系统25和多个生产管段24被设置于邻近地层20的各种生产层段的管柱22内。位于每个生产管段24的任一端的是封隔器26,封隔器26在管柱22与井眼12的壁之间提供流体密封。在每一对相邻的封隔器26中间的空间限定出生产层段。
在所示实施例中,每个生产管段24具有防砂能力。与生产管段24关联的防砂筛元件或过滤介质被设计成允许流体从中流过,但是阻止足够尺寸的颗粒物质从中流过。虽然本发明不需要具有与其关联的防砂筛,但是如果使用防砂筛的话,那么与流体流动控制系统关联的筛元件的确切设计对本发明而言并非关键。工业中有许多众所周知的用于防砂筛的设计,这里将不详细讨论。而且,具有多个射孔的保护外罩可被设置于任何这样的过滤介质的外部周围。
通过在一个或多个生产层段中使用本发明的流动控制系统25,能够实现对生产流体的体积和成分的部分控制。例如,在产油操作中,如果例如水、蒸汽、二氧化碳或天然气之类的不希望的流体成分进入多个生产层段之一,则该层段的流动控制系统将自动地限制或阻止从该层段生产流体。
本文使用的术语“天然气”意思是在室温和大气压力下以气相方式存在的烃(与含量变化的非烃物质)的混合物。该术语并不表示天然气在本发明的系统的井下位置处于气相。事实上应理解,尽管可能出现其它成分并且一些成分可能处于气态,但所述流动控制系统用于压力和温度使得天然气将处于大部分液化状态的位置。对于液体或气体、或在液体与气体两者均出现时,本发明的构思均有效。
流入生产管段24内的流体典型地包括多于一种的流体成分。典型的成分是天然气、油、水、蒸汽或二氧化碳。蒸汽和二氧化碳通常被用作注入流体,用以朝向生产管驱动烃,然而天然气、油和水典型地是在地层被原位发现的。流入每个生产管段24内的流体的这些成分的比例将随时间且基于地层与井眼内的条件而变化。同样地,流入各生产管且遍及整个生产管柱的长度上的流体的成分会从段到段(逐段地)显著变化。所述流动控制系统被设计成,当不期望成分的比例较高时,减小或限制来自任何具体层段的产量。
因此,当与多个流动控制系统中具体一个流动控制系统对应的生产层段生产出比例较大的不期望流体成分时,该层段的流动控制系统将限制或阻止来自该层段的生产流动。因此,生产出比例较大的期望流体成分(在本例中是油)的其它生产层段将对进入管柱22的生产流有更多贡献。具体地,在流体必须流过流动控制系统(而不是简单地流入管柱内)的情况下,从地层20到管柱22的流速将更小。换言之,流动控制系统对流体产生流动限制。
尽管图1示出每个生产层段中设有一个流动控制系统,但是应理解,任何数量的本发明的系统均能够被设置在一个生产层段内,而不背离本发明的原理。同样地,本发明的流动控制系统并非必须与每一个生产层段关联。本发明的流动控制系统也可仅出现在井眼中的一些生产层段中、或可出现在管柱通道中,用以处理多个生产层段。
图2是筛系统28和本发明的流动控制系统25的实施例的侧视图。生产管限定内部筛环空或通道32。流体从地层20通过筛系统28进入生产管段24内。具体的筛系统这里不作详细说明。流体在被筛系统28过滤后流入生产管段24的内部通道32内。如这里使用的,生产管段24的内部通道32可为如图所示的环形空间、中央柱形空间、或其它形式。
端口42为筛环空32到流动控制系统提供流体连通,流动控制系统具有流体通道44、开关组件46和自动式可变流阻组件50,自动式可变流阻组件50例如为涡旋组件。如果可变流阻组件是示例性的涡旋组件,则其包括与出口通道38流体连通的涡旋室52。在优选实施例中,出口通道38将流体引导至用于井上生产的管中的通道36内。在本实施例中,通道36由管壁31限定。
此处所述方法和装置旨在基于流体特性随时间的改变来控制流体流动。此类特征包括粘度、速度、流量和密度。这些特征在并入本文的参考文献中被更详细地讨论。本文使用的术语“粘度”意思是任何流变性,包括运动粘度、屈服强度、粘塑性、表面张力、润湿性等。由于生产流体中的流体成分(例如油和天然气)的比例量随时间而改变,流体流动的特性也改变。例如当流体包含相对高比例的天然气时,流体的密度和粘度将小于油的密度和粘度。流体的表现取决于流体流动的特性。进一步,通道的特定构造将根据流体流动的特性而限制流动,或对流动提供较大的阻力。
图3是现有技术的“控制喷射”类型自动流动控制系统60的代表性示意图。控制喷射类型系统60包括流体选择器组件70、流体开关90以及可变流阻组件,这里可变流阻组件为涡旋组件100。流体选择器组件70具有主要流体通道72和控制喷射组件74。示出的是示例性实施例;现有技术的系统在本文并入的参考文献中被充分地说明。以下将为了比较的目的讨论一示例性的系统。
流体选择器组件70具有主流体通道72和控制喷射组件74。控制喷射组件74具有单个控制喷射通道76。其它实施例可使用额外的控制喷射(通道)。流体F在主通道72处进入流体选择器组件70,并朝向流体开关90流动。一部分流体流动从主通道72被分到控制喷射组件74。控制喷射组件74包括控制喷射通道76;控制喷射通道76具有:至少一个入口77,向主通道72提供流体连通;以及出口78,向流体开关组件90提供流体连通。如果期望的话,则可设置喷嘴71以在流体离开时产生“喷射”,但这不是必需的。出口78连接至流体开关组件90,并将流体引导(或将静压力连通)到流体开关组件。如图所示,控制喷射通道72的控制喷射出口78和下游部分79与流体开关组件90的下侧部分92纵向重叠。
如图所示,示例性的控制喷射组件还包括多个入口77。入口优选地包括流动控制特征部80;这些流动控制特征部例如为示出的室82,以根据流体的特性来控制从主通道进入控制喷射组件的流体F的体积。也就是说,流体选择器组件70“选择”具有优选特性的流体。在示出的实施例中,若流体是粘度相对较高的流体例如油,则流体相对自由地流过入口77和控制通道76。因此,通过喷嘴78离开控制喷射通道72的下游部分79的流体在嘴部94处进入流体开关90内之后,会从主通道“推动”流体流动。控制喷射组件朝向开关组件的选定侧引导流体流动。在这种情况下,若期望生产的是油,则控制喷射组件沿“开通”侧来引导流体流动通过开关90。也就是说,流体被引导朝向开关的“开通”通道96来通过开关;而通道96又将流体引导至涡旋组件内,以朝向涡旋出口102产生相对直接的流动,如实心箭头所示。
粘度相对小的流体,例如水或天然气,则将有不同表现。体积相对较小的流体将通过入口77和控制特征部80而进入控制喷射组件74。控制特征部80被设计成,产生通过控制喷射通道76、出口78和喷嘴71连通到粘性开关的嘴部94的压降。一旦流体进入粘性开关的嘴部94,压降就会“吸引”来自主通道72的流体流动。然后流体沿与油相反的方向,朝向开关的“关闭”通道98被引导,并被引导至涡旋组件100内。在涡旋组件中,粘度较小的流体被开关通道98引导至涡旋室104内,以产生相对切向上的螺旋式流动,如虚线箭头所示。
流体开关组件90从主通道72的下游端延伸到进入涡旋组件60的入口(不包括涡旋组件)。流体在入口端口93(其为在主通道72与流体开关90之间限定出的分界线)处,从主通道进入流体开关。流体开关与控制喷射通道76的下游部分79纵向重叠,下游部分79包括出口78和喷嘴71。来自主通道的流体流入流体开关的嘴部94内,在此被从控制喷射通道76进入嘴部的流体加入和引导。取决于流体在此时的特性,流体朝向流体开关的出口通道96和98之一被引导。“开通”通道96将流体引导至涡旋组件内,以朝向涡旋出口产生相对径向式流动和在阀组件上相对较低的压降。“关闭”通道98则将流体引导至涡旋组件内,以产生相对螺旋式流动,由此在自动阀组件上引发相对高的压降。如图所示,流体将常常流过两个出口通道96、98。应注意,流体开关和粘性开关是类型截然不同的开关。
涡旋组件100具有入口端口106和108,入口端口106和108对应于粘性开关的出口通道96和98。涡旋室104内的流体表现已被描述。流体通过涡旋出口102离开。可按需采用并非必须的叶片或定向装置110。
在并入本文的参考文献中可找到使用控制喷射的自动阀组件的更多完整的描述和可选的设计。例如,在一些实施例中,控制喷射组件使流动分布在多个控制通道内,流过通道的流量比率取决于流动特性、通道的几何形状等。
图4A-图4B是将现有技术的控制喷射类型的自动阀组件与本发明提出的粘性开关类型的自动阀组件加以比较的流程图。在图4A中,粘性开关类型的自动阀流程图开始于流体F在步骤112流过入口通道,然后在步骤113通过偏置机构并且受到偏置机构影响;偏置机构基于流体的随时间而改变的特性,将流体流动偏置到粘性开关内。然后在步骤114,流体流入粘性开关内,在此流体流动朝向开关的选定侧(例如关闭或开通)被引导。不使用控制喷射组件。
图4B是标准的自动阀组件的流程图。在步骤115,流体F流过入口通道,然后在步骤116进入流体选择器组件内。流体选择器组件基于流体的随时间而改变的特性来选择是否生产流体。在步骤117a和117b,流体流过至少一个控制喷射组件,然后在步骤118进入流体开关例如双稳开关内。
图5是根据本发明的方案的粘性开关类型的自动阀的优选实施例的示意图。粘性开关类型的自动控制阀120具有入口通道130、偏置机构140、粘性开关组件160和可变流阻组件,可变流阻组件在本例中为涡旋组件180。
入口通道130将来自流体源的流体、例如来自筛环空的地层流体连通到偏置机构140。通道中的流体流动与流体速度大体相称。入口通道如图所示延伸并在偏置机构处结束。入口通道具有上游端132和下游端134。
偏置机构140与入口通道130和粘性开关组件160流体连通。如本文所述的偏置机构140可采用各种形式。
示例性的偏置机构140具有偏置机构通道141,如图所示,偏置机构通道从入口通道的下游端延伸到粘性开关的上游端。在优选实施例中,偏置机构140由加宽通道142限定,如图所示。加宽通道142从上游端144的第一截面积(例如在入口和加宽通道是矩形管的情况下利用矩形横截面的宽度和高度来测量,或在入口通道和加宽通道基本呈圆筒状的情况下利用直径来测量),加宽到下游端146的更大的第二截面积。以下就矩形截面的通道来讨论。可想象偏置机构的加宽通道142具有纵向延伸的两“侧”,即由第一侧壁152和第二侧壁154限定的第一侧148和第二侧150。第一侧壁152大体与入口通道130的相应的第一侧壁136同向延伸。然而,第二侧壁154从入口通道的相应的第二侧壁138偏离,由此使偏置机构从其第一截面积加宽到第二截面积。入口通道的这些壁大体平行。在优选实施例中,第一侧壁152和第二侧壁154之间的加宽角度大约是5°。
粘性开关160将来自偏置机构的流体连通到涡旋组件。粘性开关具有上游端162和下游端164。粘性开关在其下游端分别限定有“开通”和“关闭”出口通道166、168。这些出口通道与涡旋组件180流体连通。如其名称暗示的,粘性开关朝向选定的出口通道引导流体流动。可想象粘性开关具有第一侧170和第二侧172,第一侧170和第二侧172分别对应于偏置机构的第一侧和第二侧。第一侧壁174和第二侧壁176从偏置机构的第一壁和第二壁偏离,由此在开关室178中产生加宽截面积。如图所示,偏转角β和δ被限定为粘性开关壁与正交于入口通道壁(和偏置机构的第一侧壁)的直线之间的角度。第二侧的偏转角δ比第一侧的偏转角β浅。例如,偏转角β可大约为80°,而偏转角δ大约为75°。
涡旋组件180具有对应于粘性开关的出口通道166和168的入口端口186和188。涡旋室104内的流体表现已经描述。流体通过涡旋出口182离开。按照期望的可使用随意的叶片或方向装置190。
在使用中,粘度较大的流体例如油,会“跟随”变宽。换言之,粘度较大的流体除了粘附到非偏离的(第一)壁之外,还趋向于“粘附”到偏置机构的偏离的(第二)壁。亦即,分布在偏置机构的下游端146的截面上的流体流量和/或流体速度从第一侧到第二侧是相对对称的。对于离开偏置机构时浅偏转角δ而言,粘度较大的流体会跟随或粘附到粘性开关的第二壁。因此,开关会朝向选定的开关出口来引导流体。
相反,粘度较小的流体例如水或天然气,不趋向于“跟随”偏离的壁。因此,在偏置机构的出口会出现相对较少对称的流动分布。在偏置机构的下游端所截取的截面上的流动分布被偏置,以朝向粘性开关的第一侧170来引导流体。因此,流体流动朝向粘性开关的第一侧和开关的“关闭”出口通道被引导。
图6是流过示例性的组件相对粘度较大的流体的图示。相似的部件被编号,而不再作讨论。粘度较小的流体例如油,流过入口通道并进入偏置机构内。油跟随偏置机构的偏离的壁,在偏置机构的下游端处引起相对对称的流动分布。细节示出在下游端处的速度分布196的图示。速度曲线在开口上大体对称。观察到流量、质量流量等的类似分布。
请注意流体开关(如图3中的)与本发明的粘性开关之间的区别。在流体开关组件中,不对称的偏转角朝向选定的出口引导大体对称的流动(进入流体开关的流体的流动)。在粘性开关中,偏置机构在偏置机构的出口(和开关的入口)处产生不对称的流动分布,这种不对称性朝向选定的出口引导流体。(不是所有的流体都将典型地流过单个出口;应理解,被选定的是小于所有流体的流体流过的出口。)
图7是流过示例性的组件相对粘度较小的流体的图示。相似的部件被编号,而不再作讨论。粘度较小的流体例如水或天然气,流过入口通道并进入偏置机构内。水不能跟随偏置机构的偏离的壁(与更大粘度的流体相比),在偏置机构的下游端处引起相对不对称的或偏置的流动分布。细节示出在下游端处的速度分布198的图示。速度曲线在开口上大体不对称。
上面的讨论涉及作为所关注的流体特性的粘度,然而也可选择其它特性例如流量、速度等。进一步通过反转开关中产生螺旋式流动的那一侧,该构造可被设计成针对相对粘度更大或更小的流体来进行“选择”。
可使用其它的实施例,利用各种偏置机构朝向或远离粘性开关的一侧来引导流体流动。这些变例的使用将不被详细讨论,这是因为它们的使用与以上描述的内容类似。只要适当会自始至终使用相似的附图标记,并可能不作标注。
图8是本发明的替换实施例的示意图,其具有使用壁轮廓元件的偏置机构。入口通道130将流体引导至偏置机构140内。偏置机构的第二侧150在轮廓上相对平滑。偏置机构的通道的第一侧148具有一个或多个轮廓元件200,轮廓元件200被设置在偏置机构的第一侧壁152中。这里,轮廓元件是从偏置机构的通道侧向延伸的圆形空心部。当流体F沿偏置机构流动时,轮廓元件200使流动的中心线移位并改变偏置机构中的流体分布。(分布可以是对称的或可以是不对称的)。通过类似于光折射的方式,轮廓仿佛增大了对流体的阻力并使流体流动折射。这种流体的折射产生偏置,这种偏置被开关用以控制流体流动的方向。因此,粘度较大的流体例如油会沿粘性开关的第二侧172的方向流动,如实心箭头所示。相对粘度较小的流体例如水或天然气则朝向粘性开关的第一侧170在另一方向上被引导,如虚线所示。
对本领域技术人员而言,显然可使用其它弯曲的、线性的或曲线的轮廓元件,例如三角形的切口、锯齿形的切口、特斯拉射流二极管、正弦曲线的轮廓、斜坡等。
图9是本发明的替换实施例的详细示意图,其具有偏置元件,偏置元件包括轮廓元件且具有阶梯剖面式的通道形状。偏置机构140具有多个沿偏置机构的通道141那一侧的轮廓元件。此处的轮廓元件202具有不同尺寸,轮廓元件202为从偏置机构的通道141侧向延伸的弯曲切口或空心部。轮廓元件影响通道中的流体分布。
还示出另一种类型的偏置机构,阶梯204或通道截面上的突变部。偏置机构的通道141沿通道的上游部分具有第一截面206。在下游点,截面突变成第二截面208。这种突变改变了偏置机构的下游端处的流体分布。截面变化可单独地或与附加的元件结合地使用(如图所示),并且可位于这类元件之前或之后。此外,截面可从大变小,而且也可改变形状,例如从圆形变成正方形等。
偏置机构引起流体朝向粘性开关的用于粘度较大流体的一侧和朝向用于粘度较小流体的另一侧流动。
图9还示出用于粘性开关出口通道166和168的替换实施例。此处多个“开通”出口通道166将流体从粘性开关引导至涡旋组件180。流体被大体径向地引导至涡旋室184内,引起到涡旋出口182的更多定向流动和随之在该装置上产生更低的压降。粘性开关的“关闭”出口通道168则将流体大体正切地引导至涡旋室184内,引起室中的螺旋式流动,而且在该装置上产生与其他方式相比相对更大的压降。
图10是本发明的替换实施例的示意图,其具有作为偏置机构中的轮廓元件的射流二极管状的切口。偏置机构140具有一个或多个射流二极管状的轮廓元件210,所述轮廓元件沿着影响偏置机构的通道141的流动分布的一个侧壁且位于下游端处。流动分布响应于流体特性的改变而改变,且朝向粘性开关的选定侧来引导流体。
图11是本发明的替换实施例的示意图,其沿流体通道141的第一侧148具有特斯拉二极管212。这些特斯拉二极管影响偏置机构中的流动分布。流动分布响应于流体特性的改变而改变,由此朝向粘性开关的选定侧来引导流体。
图12是本发明的替换实施例的示意图,其具有弯道214或偏置机构通道141的具有多个弯曲部216的段,弯曲部是由沿通道的侧面设置的流动障碍部218与220产生的。弯道影响偏置机构的流动分布。流动分布响应于流体特性的改变而改变,由此朝向粘性开关的选定侧来引导流体。在所示的示例性实施例中,沿相对侧的流动障碍部218呈半圆形,而流动障碍部220大体呈三角形或斜坡状。弯道元件也可采用其它形状、数量、尺寸和位置。
图13是本发明的替换实施例的示意图,其具有偏置机构的通道141,通道141具有弯曲段222。弯曲段的功能是沿通道的凹入侧使流体加速。弯曲段影响偏置机构的流动分布。流动分布响应于流体特性的改变而改变,由此朝向粘性开关的选定侧来引导流体。可使用其他形式的弯曲段和多个弯曲段。
本发明也可与其它流动控制系统一起使用,例如流入控制装置、滑动套筒、以及其它在工业上已经众所周知的流动控制装置。本发明的系统能够与上述其它流动控制系统并联或串联。
虽然以上参照说明性的实施例描述了本发明,但这种描述并非旨在从限定意义上被解读。对本领域技术人员而言,一旦参照本说明书,说明性的实施例以及本发明的其它实施例的各种更改和组合将成为显而易见的。因此,应认为随附权利要求书涵盖任何这样的更改或实施例。
进一步,本发明能够被用来对照粘度较小的流体而选择粘度较大的流体,或反之亦然。例如,可能期望生产天然气但限制水的产量等。因此,为所有目的、包括为本申请的任何权利要求主题提供支持而通过援引并入以下美国专利(专利号)和专利申请(申请系列号):美国专利申请系列号12/700685,“Method and Apparatus for Autonomous DownholeFluid Selection with Pathway Dependent Resistance System(利用旁路依赖阻力系统的自动井下流体选择的方法和装置)”;美国专利申请系列号12/750476,“TubularEmbedded Nozzle Assembly for Controlling the Flow Rate of Fluids Downhole(控制井下流体的流量的管状嵌入喷嘴组件)”;美国专利申请系列号12/791993,“Flow PathControl Based on Fluid Characteristics to Thereby Variably Resist Flow in aSubterranean Well(基于流阻对由此地下井中的可变流阻的流路控制)”;美国专利申请系列号12/792095,“Alternating Flow Resistance Increases and Decreases forPropagating Pressure Pulses in a Subterranean Well(为地下井中的传播压力脉冲改变流阻增大和减小)”;美国专利申请系列号12/792117,“Variable Flow ResistanceSystem for Use in a Subterranean Well(地下井中使用的可变流阻系统)”;美国专利申请系列号12/792146,“Variable Flow Resistance System With Circulation InducingStructure Therein to Variably Resist Flow in a Subterranean Well(利用其中的产生循环结构可变流阻系统抵抗地下井中的可变流阻)”;美国专利申请系列号12/879846,“Series Configured Variable Flow Restrictors For Use In A Subterranean Well(地下井中使用的串联构造的可变流阻器)”;美国专利申请系列号12/869836,“VariableFlow Restrictor For Use In A Subterranean Well(地下井中使用的可变流阻器)”;美国专利申请系列号12/958625,“A Device For Directing The Flow Of A Fluid Using APressure Switch(使用压力开关指引流体流动的装置)”;美国专利申请系列号12/974212,“An Exit Assembly With a Fluid Director for Inducing and Impeding RotationalFlow of a Fluid(具有用于产生并阻碍流体的旋转流动的流体指向器的离开组件)”;以及美国专利申请系列号12/966772,“Downhole Fluid Flow Control System and MethodHaving Direction Dependent Flow Resistance(具有依赖方向的流阻的井下流体流动控制系统和方法)”。每个并入的参考文献进一步描述了自动流体控制的方法和装置的细节。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于自动地控制井眼中的流体流动的方法,所述井眼延伸通过地层,所述流体的特性随时间而自动地改变,所述流体流过入口通道、流动偏置机构和可变流阻组件,所述偏置机构限定在上游端较窄而在下游端较宽的加宽通道,其中,所述偏置机构的下游端限定有两侧,所述两侧连接到流体开关组件的相应的第一侧和第二侧,对应于在连接部限定的第一偏转角和第二偏转角;而且其中,所述第一偏转角比所述第二偏转角浅,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过使流体流出地层和流入井眼、或流出井眼和流入地层,来使流体连通于井眼和地层之间;
使所述流体流过所述入口通道;
利用所述流动偏置机构的第一侧壁和第二侧壁来阻挡流体流动,以在所述流动偏置机构的出口上建立第一流体流动分布;然后
响应于所述流体特性的自动改变,且响应于所述流动偏置机构的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁的阻挡的相关改变,自动地将所述第一流体流动分布改变成所述流动偏置机构的出口上的第二流动分布;以及
响应于从所述流动偏置机构的出口的流动分布的改变,改变所述可变流阻组件的流体流阻。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,使流体连通于井眼和地层之间的步骤包括从地层将生产流体产出到井眼中所限定的第一生产层段内,而且其中,所述方法还包括使生产流体流到地表的步骤。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:在所述可变流阻组件中建立第一流动模式;然后响应于流过所述流动偏置机构的出口的流体的改变,将所述可变流阻组件中的流动改变到第二流动模式。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述流体的特性是流体速度、密度、流量和速度之一。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一流体流动分布是大体对称的。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述可变流阻组件包括自动阀组件。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:使所述流体流过所述偏置机构与所述可变流阻组件之间的流体开关。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,所述流体开关限定至少一个流动通道,所述流动通道具有与所述入口通道的出口一致的入口。
9.如权利要求2所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:在所述第一生产层段中增大生产流体的不期望成分的流体流阻。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述自动阀组件还包括涡旋组件。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括:从地层将生产流体产出到井眼中所限定的与所述第一生产层段流体隔绝的第二生产层段内,其中,流入所述第二生产层段的生产流体中不期望成分的比例低于流入所述第一生产层段的生产流体中不期望成分的比例。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一流体分布和所述第二流体分布包括速度分布、流量分布、以及质量流量分布中的至少一种。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在所述流动偏置机构的所述第一侧壁与所述第二侧壁之间,所述第一流体分布和所述第二流体分布中的一者的对称性相对地小于所述第一流体分布和所述第二流体分布中的另一者。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述流动偏置机构的上游端连接至入口通道,而且其中,所述流动偏置机构的所述第一侧壁从所述入口通道延伸的角度不同于所述流动偏置机构的所述第二侧壁从所述入口通道延伸至所述流动偏置机构的下游端的角度。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述流动偏置机构的所述第一侧壁与所述入口通道的第一侧壁基本同向延伸,而且其中,所述流动偏置机构的所述第二侧壁与所述入口通道的第二侧壁偏离,由此限定所述流动偏置机构的所述加宽通道。
16.一种用于自动地控制井眼中的流体流动的方法,所述井眼延伸通过地层,所述流体的特性随时间而自动地改变,所述流体流过入口通道、流动偏置机构和可变流阻组件,其中,所述偏置机构的下游端限定有两侧,所述两侧连接到流体开关组件的相应的第一侧和第二侧,对应于在连接部限定的第一偏转角和第二偏转角;而且其中,所述第一偏转角比所述第二偏转角浅,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过使流体流出地层和流入井眼、或流出井眼和流入地层,来使流体连通于井眼和地层之间;
使所述流体流过所述入口通道;
利用所述流动偏置机构的设置有至少一个轮廓元件的第一侧壁和轮廓上相对平滑的第二侧壁来阻挡流体流动,以在所述流动偏置机构的出口上建立第一流体流动分布;然后
响应于所述流体特性的自动改变,且响应于所述流动偏置机构的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁的阻挡的相关改变,自动地将所述第一流体流动分布改变成所述流动偏置机构的出口上的第二流动分布;以及
响应于从所述流动偏置机构的出口的流动分布的改变,改变所述可变流阻组件的流体流阻。
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US20140284062A9 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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EP2694776A4 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
AU2012240325B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
US9260952B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
RU2013148470A (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2694776B1 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
WO2012138681A2 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
CA2828689A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
MX2013011647A (es) | 2014-03-05 |
BR112013025884A2 (pt) | 2017-11-14 |
MX352073B (es) | 2017-11-08 |
CA2828689C (en) | 2016-12-06 |
CO6781530A2 (es) | 2013-10-31 |
EP2694776A2 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
US20120255740A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
AU2012240325A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
MY164163A (en) | 2017-11-30 |
SG193332A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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