CN103487266A - Experimental equipment and experimental method for testing fatigue performance of locomotive wheels - Google Patents
Experimental equipment and experimental method for testing fatigue performance of locomotive wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN103487266A CN103487266A CN201310424345.5A CN201310424345A CN103487266A CN 103487266 A CN103487266 A CN 103487266A CN 201310424345 A CN201310424345 A CN 201310424345A CN 103487266 A CN103487266 A CN 103487266A
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental method for testing the fatigue performance of railway locomotive wheels. The experimental method includes the following steps that a set experiment stress value and a set experiment cycle index of a wheel assembling sample are set through a control cabinet; a frequency conversion servo motor is started to rotate; the frequency conversion servo motor drives an eccentric mass system to rotate; an actual measurement experiment stress value and an actual measurement experiment cycle index of the wheel assembling sample are tested through the control cabinet; when the relative error of the actual measurement experiment stress value and the set experiment stress value is smaller than a specified value, an experiment bending moment corresponding to the actual measurement experiment stress value is recorded, and cycle counting is conducted from zero; the experiment bending moment is set to be an instruction bending moment, the instruction bending moment is maintained in the entire experiment process until the actual measurement experiment cycle index reaches the set experiment cycle index, and then the experiment is stopped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway wheel fatigue behaviour check field, particularly, relate to and a kind ofly test the experimental technique of railway locomotive wheel fatigue behaviour and carry out the equipment that this experiment test is used.
Background technology
In rail vehicles traveling section, wheel is one of of paramount importance parts, the quality of its quality is directly connected to the property safe and reliable to operation of rolling stock, wheel must be tested and assess its fatigue behaviour before use, to guarantee it, has good utilization quality and reliable and secure performance.According to the related request of wheel product standard EN13262 " railway applications-wheel to and bogie-wheel product requirement ", the mach rolled steel wheel in disc surface need pass through disc radial stress ± 240MPa, cycle index 1,000 ten thousand times.Domestic traditional experimental technique has two kinds:
1. test wheel and experiment axletree interference assembling, and will test axletree and be fixed to the experiment table ground, load frock clamping wheel wheel rim, the oil pressure servo system control is made device and is pumped, wheel web bears repeat stress, and the test frequency of this experiment method is roughly between 3Hz～5Hz, owing to comprising hydraulic system and cooling system in experimental facilities, therefore equipment energy consumption is very large, in experimentation, noise is very large simultaneously.
2. together with testing wheel and the experiment axletree passing through interference fit.With bolt by wheel, axletree, frock backing plate together with the experiment table flange connect, and by wheel sample and experiment table flange location.During experiment, the experiment table motor drives flange to rotate, thereby flange band motor car wheel sample rotates, and applies constant vertical load by actuator at axle head and realizes the wheel web alterante stress.Due to the impact of the right alignment, verticality and the unbalance mass, that coordinate between assembling sample and experimental facilities flange, the experiment motor speed is restricted, the normal about 10Hz of test frequency, and noise, the energy consumption of equipment are larger simultaneously.
The energy consumption of above-mentioned two kinds of experimental techniques and noise are all very large, and test frequency is low, make wheel fatigue behaviour sense cycle long, and experimental cost is too high, is unfavorable for ensureing the wheel application safety.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that in existing locomotive wheel fatigue experiment process, energy consumption is too high, noise is excessive, experimental period is long, the invention provides a kind of experimental technique of locomotive wheel fatigue behaviour, this experimental technique can significantly improve test frequency, greatly reduce the experiment energy consumption, experimental noise is also lower than above-mentioned two kinds of traditional means of experiment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, proposed a kind of whole tired experimental technique of railway locomotive wheel of testing, said method comprising the steps of: by switch board, the setting experiment stress value of wheel assembling sample is set and sets the experiment cycle index; Start the rotation of frequency conversion servomotor; By described frequency conversion driven by servomotor eccentric mass system rotation; Test actual measurement experiment stress value and the actual measurement experiment cycle index of described wheel assembling sample by switch board; When described actual measurement experiment stress value is less than setting with the relative error of setting the experiment stress value, experiment moment of flexure the cycle count of starting from scratch that record is corresponding with described actual measurement experiment stress value; Be to order moment of flexure and keep described order moment of flexure in whole experimentation with setting described experiment moment of flexure, stop testing until described actual measurement is tested when cycle index reaches described setting experiment cycle index.
Preferably, in experimentation, adjust the rotating speed of described frequency conversion servomotor according to the size of described actual measurement experiment stress value, until the relative error of the actual measurement experiment stress value of the wheel assembling sample of described switch board actual measurement and described setting experiment stress value is less than described setting.
Preferably, this experimental technique is further comprising the steps of: after described frequency conversion servomotor reaches maximum speed, when described actual measurement experiment stress does not reach described setting experiment stress, by the eccentric mass that increases the eccentric mass system, increase centrifugal force, thereby make described actual measurement experiment stress reach described setting experiment stress.
Wherein when the frequency conversion servomotor rotates, described eccentric mass system produces described centrifugal force under motor drives, it is square linear that the eccentric mass of described centrifugal force and described eccentric mass system, motor turn, and described actual measurement experiment stress and described centrifugal force are linear.
Preferably, the setting of described error is for setting 0.5% of experiment stress value.
Preferably, described setting experiment stress value is 1,000 ten thousand times for ± 240MPa, described setting experiment cycle index.
Preferably, this experimental technique also is included in experimentation and carries out the interior elastic energy of spring-quality shock mitigation system and the mutual conversion of kinetic energy.
Preferably, the step that stops experiment also comprising: in experimentation, be described wheel assembling sample loading experiment frequency, when the test frequency decline 0.3Hz that loads, described switch board detects wheel assembling sample and crackle occurs and control described frequency conversion servomotor automatically out of service.
Preferably, described test frequency is up to 50Hz, preferably, described test frequency at 20Hz between 30Hz.
According to a further aspect in the invention, also proposed a kind ofly for carrying out the experimental facilities of the whole testing fatigue of railway locomotive wheel, described experimental facilities comprises: the frequency conversion servomotor; Switch board, described switch board is connected by cable with described frequency conversion servomotor, for adjusting and control the rotating speed of described frequency conversion servomotor; Pivoted arm, described pivoted arm is connected with described frequency conversion servomotor, adjusts the position of described frequency conversion servomotor for the rotation by described pivoted arm; Wheel assembling sample, described wheel assembling sample is connected with described pivoted arm; Spring-quality shock mitigation system, described wheel assembling sample is fixed on described spring-quality shock mitigation system; With the eccentric mass system, described eccentric mass system is arranged on the axle head of described wheel assembling sample and is connected with described frequency conversion servomotor.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to the experimental facilities of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereographic map according to the experimental facilities of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the experimental technique of test locomotive wheel fatigue provided by the invention and the experimental facilities used are described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation according to the experimental facilities of the embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows the stereographic map according to the experimental facilities of the embodiment of the present invention.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, this experimental facilities comprises: frequency conversion servomotor 8, switch board 1, this switch board can be connected by cable with frequency conversion servomotor 8, for adjusting and control rotating speed, the pivoted arm 7 of frequency conversion servomotor, pivoted arm 7 can be connected by bolt or other connected mode with frequency conversion servomotor 8, can adjust frequency conversion servomotor position by rotating pivoted arm, also can adjust upward at the Vertical Square of pivoted arm frequency conversion servomotor position.This experimental facilities also comprises: spring-quality shock mitigation system 2 and wheel assembling sample 5, can be by pressing plate 3 and fastening bolt 4, that spring-quality shock mitigation system 2 is fixing with wheel assembling sample 5, certainly, the present invention is not limited to this, also can spring-quality shock mitigation system 2 and wheel assembling sample 5 be fixed together by other fixed form.
In addition, this experimental facilities can also comprise the eccentric mass system 6 of the axle head that is arranged on wheel assembling sample.After wheel assembling sample is fixing, in the axle head setting-up eccentricity quality system 6 of wheel assembling sample, and connect eccentric mass system and frequency conversion servomotor after installation.Can be connected or directly link together by web member between eccentric mass system and frequency conversion servomotor.
Below, will describe the experimental technique of the integral body fatigue for testing locomotive wheel in detail.
At first, the setting experiment stress of wheel assembling sample is set and sets the experiment cycle index by switch board, wherein set experiment stress and set the experiment cycle index and determine according to research contents and research purpose, for example according to EN13262 carry out experiment detect corresponding experiment stress and be respectively ± 240MPa of experiment cycle index, 1,000 ten thousand times.
After setting up setting experiment stress and setting the experiment cycle index, the rotation of startup frequency conversion servomotor.Measured the actual measurement experiment stress value of wheel assembling sample by switch board, when the actual measurement experiment stress value of the wheel assembling sample of switch board actual measurement and the relative error of setting the experiment stress value be less than set the experiment stress value 0.5% the time, equipment automatically record is tested stress value corresponding experiment moment of flexure the cycle count of starting from scratch with this actual measurement, and take this moment and tested as bid value.
Particularly, during experiment, switch board drives the frequency conversion servomotor to rotate, and 6 rotations of driven by motor eccentric mass system thereby produce a rotating speed in axle tip are
the centrifugal force F of rotation, the arm of force that this centrifugal force is assembled specimen length on wheel assembling sample top by wheel produces a little rotation moment M.When rotating speed improves constantly, test frequency improves constantly, and moment M also increases gradually, until reach experiment load setting value (setting the experiment stress value), thereby reaches fast, low energy consumption, low noise drive the experiment wheel to complete the purpose of torture test.
Keep this experiment moment always in whole experimentation, for example, until cycle index reaches setting (1,000 ten thousand times), stop experiment.
When measuring actual measurement experiment stress, can adjust centrifugal force according to the rotating speed of the size adjustment frequency conversion servomotor of surveying the experiment stress value, and then regulation experiment stress, until the actual measurement experiment stress value of wheel assembling sample is less than and sets 0.5% of experiment stress value with the relative error of setting the experiment stress value.
When the frequency conversion servomotor rotates, the maximum speed of motor is 3000rpm, if after motor reaches maximum speed, experiment stress still can not reach setting value, by the eccentric mass that increases eccentric mass system 6, increase centrifugal force, reach the purpose that increases experiment stress.
Eccentric mass system 6 produces centrifugal force under the driving of motor 8, the eccentric mass of centrifugal force and eccentric mass system, the square of motor speed, and experiment stress and centrifugal force are linear.
In experimentation, adopt vibration principle to carry out torture test, elastic energy and capacity in spring in experimentation-quality shock mitigation system transform mutually, because the strain energy that overcomes damping force acting (single spin-echo) and wheel assembling sample in the energy consumption at experimental facilities accounts for more than 90%, so low in energy consumption, the total power consumption of system is less than 10kW.
In addition, in experimentation, if crackle appears in wheel assembling sample, the integral rigidity of wheel assembling sample can reduce, and wheel assembling sample deformation can increase, therefore in order to keep centrifugal force constant, motor speed can reduce, and then causes that the test frequency of experimental facilities descends.When test frequency has descended (minimizing) 0.3Hz, switch board detects crackle and controls frequency conversion servomotor auto stop.
In experimentation, can carry out the regulation experiment frequency by the unbalance mass, of adjusting eccentric mass system 6, test frequency increases, the centrifugal force that eccentric mass system 6 produces will increase, thereby make the load of wheel assembling sample to increase, therefore can increase the actual measurement experiment stress of wheel assembling sample.Test frequency reaches as high as 50Hz, and under regular situation, test frequency can reach 20Hz-30Hz.
Finally it should be noted that, above embodiment is only in order to describe technical scheme of the present invention rather than the present technique method is limited, the present invention can extend to other modification, variation, application and embodiment in application, and therefore thinks that all such modifications, variation, application, embodiment are in spirit of the present invention and teachings.
Claims (10)
1. an experimental technique of testing railway locomotive wheel fatigue behaviour said method comprising the steps of:
The setting experiment stress value of wheel assembling sample is set and sets the experiment cycle index by switch board;
Start the rotation of frequency conversion servomotor;
By described frequency conversion driven by servomotor eccentric mass system rotation;
Test actual measurement experiment stress value and the actual measurement experiment cycle index of described wheel assembling sample by switch board;
When described actual measurement experiment stress value is less than setting with the relative error of setting the experiment stress value, experiment moment of flexure the cycle count of starting from scratch that record is corresponding with described actual measurement experiment stress value; With
Set described experiment moment of flexure and keep described order moment of flexure for the order moment of flexure and in whole experimentation, until described actual measurement experiment cycle index reaches when cycle index is tested in described setting, stop experiment.
2. experimental technique according to claim 1, wherein in experimentation, adjust the rotating speed of described frequency conversion servomotor according to the size of described actual measurement experiment stress value, until the relative error of the actual measurement experiment stress value of the wheel assembling sample of described switch board actual measurement and described setting experiment stress value is less than described setting.
3. experimental technique according to claim 1, comprising step: after described frequency conversion servomotor reaches maximum speed, when described actual measurement experiment stress does not reach described setting experiment stress, by the eccentric mass that increases the eccentric mass system, increase centrifugal force, thereby make described actual measurement experiment stress reach described setting experiment stress.
4. experimental technique according to claim 3, wherein when the frequency conversion servomotor rotates, described eccentric mass system produces described centrifugal force under motor drives, it is square linear that the eccentric mass of described centrifugal force and described eccentric mass system, motor turn, and described actual measurement experiment stress and described centrifugal force are linear.
5. experimental technique according to claim 1 and 2, the setting of wherein said error is for setting 0.5% of experiment stress value.
6. experimental technique according to claim 1, wherein said setting experiment stress value is 1,000 ten thousand times for ± 240MPa, described setting experiment cycle index.
7. method according to claim 3, also be included in experimentation and carry out the interior elastic energy of spring-quality shock mitigation system and the mutual conversion of kinetic energy.
8. experimental technique according to claim 1, the step that wherein stops experiment also comprising: in experimentation, be described wheel assembling sample loading experiment frequency, when the test frequency decline 0.3Hz that loads, described switch board detects wheel assembling sample and crackle occurs and control described frequency conversion servomotor automatically out of service.
9. experimental technique according to claim 8, wherein said test frequency is up to 50Hz, preferably, described test frequency at 20Hz between 30Hz.
10. one kind for carrying out the experimental facilities of the whole testing fatigue of railway locomotive wheel, and described experimental facilities comprises:
The frequency conversion servomotor;
Switch board, described switch board is connected by cable with described frequency conversion servomotor, for adjusting and control the rotating speed of described frequency conversion servomotor;
Pivoted arm, described pivoted arm is connected with described frequency conversion servomotor, adjusts the position of described frequency conversion servomotor for the rotation by described pivoted arm;
Wheel assembling sample, described wheel assembling sample is connected with described pivoted arm;
Spring-quality shock mitigation system, described wheel assembling sample is fixed on described spring-quality shock mitigation system; With
The eccentric mass system, described eccentric mass system is arranged on the axle head of described wheel assembling sample and is connected with described frequency conversion servomotor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2650327C1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-04-11 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и конструкторско-технологический институт подвижного состава" (АО "ВНИКТИ") | Stand for wheels and wheel pair axles durability testing |
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| RU2650327C1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-04-11 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и конструкторско-технологический институт подвижного состава" (АО "ВНИКТИ") | Stand for wheels and wheel pair axles durability testing |
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