CN103485308A - Underwater geotextile fabric laying method - Google Patents
Underwater geotextile fabric laying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103485308A CN103485308A CN201210202475.XA CN201210202475A CN103485308A CN 103485308 A CN103485308 A CN 103485308A CN 201210202475 A CN201210202475 A CN 201210202475A CN 103485308 A CN103485308 A CN 103485308A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater geotextile fabric laying method and belongs to a coastal engineering building construction technology. The underwater geotextile fabric laying method the following steps of: surveying geological geomorphology and hydrometeorology conditions; planning to determine a laying position; carrying out GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning, intelligent control, basal plane obstacle clearing, error correction, splicing and shipping of underwater geotextile fabrics, sand bag in-place placement and drum put-down; fixing an anchor position; carrying out moving spreading, bag pressing and riprapping; and dumping broken stones. By one set of laying operation method, a construction process flow and a safety quality guarantee system, the difficult problem of laying the underwater geotextile fabrics is well solved, floating drifting of the geotextile fabrics is effectively prevented and the geotextile fabrics are smoothly laid without being wrinkled. Stable construction and all-weather normal operation can be ensured in the environment with a water depth of 2 to 20m, a flow rate of 0 to 3m/s, a tidal range of less than or equal to 9m, a wind force of less than or equal to 7 grades and wave power of less than or equal to 2 grades. Moreover, the underwater geotextile fabric laying method has the characteristics of accuracy for positioning, small error, high quality, low cost and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotextiles laying method under water, belong to the coastal engineering building construction technology.
Background technology
China coastline is tortuous, very long, is one of country of the longest, the beach area maximum in coastline in the world.Continent water front and island water front are always remembered 32000km.Its mid-continental water front, North gets Yalujiang Estuary, reach Beilun Estuary in the south, total length 18000km.The existing beach area of China approximately 217 * 10
4km
2.Continental coast band area reaches 35 * 10
4km
2, wherein the supratidal zone area approximately 10 * 10
4km
2, beach 2 * 10
4km
2, 0～5m isobath zone 2.7 * 10
4km
2, all the other are the following marine site of 5m isobath.The resource environment of littoral zone is the important substance basis of coastal area socio-economic development, and the economic development of whole coastal area is played to huge supporting role.Since phase late 1970s, the Chinese Coastal Zone area, to become the forward position of reform and opening-up, is called " golden mile ".
China coast is populous, and land area is few, for ensureing cultivated area overall balance and sustainable economic development, by reclaiming fields from the sea to enlarge land area, has become effective means.Enclosing and cultivating beach is the effective way of bringing more land under cultivation.Over the past thousands of years, the coastal various places people adhere to and struggle in sea, advance wave upon wave and enclose extra large fill, and the change the deep blue sea is mulberry field.The ground that China encloses sea reaches more than ten ten thousand square kilometres, is about Dutch territory.Along with the engineering of reclaiming fields from the sea is carried out for a long time, Fen Gao beach, coastal provinces resource is few, encloses and cultivates direction to low beach regional development.But zone, low beach, off-lying sea generally is in the waters of high current speed, high sea and the high depth of water, encloses and cultivates the invasion and attack that zone directly is subject to outer sea wave, institute's region absolute altitude is generally below mean low-water, and this brings a series of technical barriers to the enforcement of project of cultivation.
Geotextiles, claim again geotextile, and it is the water permeability geosynthetics formed by acupuncture or braiding by synthetic fibers.Geotextiles has outstanding filtration, draining, isolation, reinforcement, antiseepage, protective action, have lightweight, tensile strength is high, good penetrability, high temperature resistant, anti-freezing, ageing-resistant, corrosion-resistant.Can be widely used in railway, highway, harbor approach, dykes and dams, hydraulic architecture, tunnel, way, coastal beach, enclose and cultivate, the engineering such as environmental protection.In soft base embankment project, geotextiles can be isolated the material of different physical properties effectively, and two or more storerooms are not mixed, and keeps overall structure and the function of material; Effectively, by concentrated stress diffusion, transmission or decomposition, reduce uneven settlement of foundation; Effectively increase tensile strength and the resistance ability of the soil body, strengthen the anti-shearing destruction of ground, therefore, geotextiles is able to extensive use in the seashore treatment of soft foundation.Along with developing rapidly of marine cause, coastal engineering by shallow water to the deep water future development.Its construction also by land to shallow water, more to the deep water transition.So the geotextile laying Processes and apparatus receives people's concern gradually under water.In recent years, this technology was applied in the deep water treatment of soft foundation.Profundal zone and even abysmal area geotextile laying can not adopt conventional artificial laying construction method, but need special-purpose equipment and construction technology, this just not only will solve the impact of deep-sea complex working condition on the safety work of construction hull, and will solve the impact of the complicated hydrologic condition of deep water on efficiency of construction and quality.
There is following characteristics in geotextile laying under water: 1) The water is deep and the current fast: the geotextile laying stormy waves is large under water, current are anxious and disorderly, not only to prevent the adverse effect that stormy waves is stable to hull, lay precision, and to prevent the adverse effect of disorderly current to geotextiles, the depth of water is more than 10 meters, flow velocity is about 2～3/ seconds, and natural conditions are more severe.2) geological condition complexity: because different engineerings has different geological conditions, in same engineering, underwater topography also is uneven, and sometimes also has underwater obstacle, and these are all that the deep water geotextile laying equipment has been proposed to very high requirement.3) the floading condition positioning requirements is high: owing to being that deep water is laid geotextiles, setting-out generally can not adopt conventional way, to whole process of deployment, must adopt the floading condition location.4) equipment performance requires high: the performance of equipment will meet the requirement of underwater operation, guarantee that laying process can well realize, and have certain wind and wave resistance grade, to guarantee operating personnel's safety and laying quality.
Above-mentioned adverse effect forms sizable technical barrier.In the past on deck in ship structure directly to the method paved in water, be easy to cause geotextiles by floating and folding phenomenon, sometimes washed away causing damage also.Can't meet the requirement of subaqueous construction safety and quality, there is no advanced method reliably, be problem in the urgent need to address in coastal engineering always.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve above-mentioned technical barrier, realizes the smooth laying of geotextiles under water, invents a kind of method of geotextile laying under water.
The technology of the present invention comprises a set of laying operational method, construction technology process, safe mass security system.It is characterized in that:
The first step: record the on-the-spot depth of water of operating location, flow velocity, the flow direction, wind-force, wind direction, tidal range, wave level, the smooth situation of basal plane, be dragged to laying ship the scene of laying, open position indicator and industrial PC, according to exploration situation input related data, the planning paving location, determine laying-out;
Second step: four anchors under throwing in four angular direction of laying ship, determine position with the GPS position indicator, with windlass, move and lay ship positionning on paving location, remove the obstruction on the painting face of laying, put down roller shifting laying ship and simulate laying, carry out factually error correction and data adjustment;
The 3rd step: will make the geotextiles of having spliced and be wound on cylinder, and connect a pipe and at least 2 grasps on the external end head of geotextiles, the geotextiles cylinder is winched to and lays on ship jib on one side, and the sandstone bag that will suppress geotextiles is deposited on the another side of laying ship;
The 4th step: shift out on 1-2 accommodation outside first paving location beginning laying ship, put down cylinder to painting face, prick lower grasp, the mobile ship of laying, throw in the sandstone bag at the another side of laying ship, implements to lay;
The 5th step: after first paving location completes, hoisting drum, the mobile laying on ship to the second paving location, according to the step of above-mentioned the 3rd step the 4th step, carry out the laying of next width geotextiles;
The 6th step: when the laying ship moves to the 3rd paving location, the sand material that the throwing particle diameter is less than 15 centimetres on first paving location, the like, repeatedly repeat, until whole design surface has been laid.
Advantage of the present invention
1. owing to adopting Special geotextile to lay ship and a set of laying operational method is laid, mechanization, automaticity are high, and capacity of anti-storm is strong, and effectively the engineering time is long.Can be under the influence condition that is not subject to flux and reflux all-weather construction, alleviated labour intensity, improved operating efficiency.
2. owing to adopting GPS position indicator and Based Intelligent Control construction technology, show in real time the position of laying ship on the industrial PC screen, and simulate laying before laying, carry out factually error correction and data adjustment.So positioning precision is high, error is little.
3. due to a pipe and at least 2 grasps being installed on the external end head of geotextiles, while implementing to lay, on one side the mobile ship of laying, the sand bag is thrown on one side.The metaling that is less than 15 centimetres with split barge throwing particle diameter subsequently.The safe mass security system.Effectively prevent the unsteady drift of geotextiles, made geotextile laying smooth-going and wrinkle resistant, ensured the quality of laying.
4. owing to adopting a set of safe mass security system, the quality of geotextile laying and operating personnel's safety have been ensured.
The present invention preferably resolves the difficult problem of the laying of geotextiles under water, has produced suitable installation apparatus, a set of comparatively effectively deep water geotextile laying technique.Can ensure stable construction in the environment of the depth of water 2～20m, flow velocity 0～3m/s, tidal range≤9m, wind-force≤7 grade, wave≤2 grades, round-the-clock normal operation.And there is the location standard, and error is little, and quality is good, and cost is low, the characteristics that efficiency is high.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the earthwork cloth laying ship arrangement diagram, and Fig. 2 is working state figure, and Fig. 3 is GPS navigation system figure, and Fig. 4 is the working state figure on the industrial PC screen.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment: adopt and sink to the bottom the way that cylinder paves in bottom expansion, carry out geotextile laying under water.Comprise exploration geology and geomorphology and hydrometeorological situation, paving location is determined in planning, and GPS location, Based Intelligent Control, basal plane are removed obstacles, error correction, geotextiles splicing shipment, sand bag are in place, put down drum, fixedly anchor position, move ship and sprawl, press the bag jackstone, the throwing rubble.
Described earthwork cloth laying ship, as shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2, comprises cantilever (1), geotextiles (2), pulpit (3), cylinder (4), hoist cable (5), cavil (6), windlass (7), hoist engine (8), stock box (9), sandstone bag (10), loop wheel machine (11), GPS receiver (12), anchor hawser (13), grasp (14), steel pipe (15), painting face (16), hull (17).
Described hull (17) is branching carrier waterborne, is again working platform, is for whole process of deployment provides basic guarantee, and has certain capacity of anti-storm.Laying the ship parameter is: 50 meters of overall lengths, and 9.3 meters of beam overalls, 2.1 meters of moldeed depth, heavily cut 781 tons of displacement.Hull (17) is provided with 48 tons windlass (7) at four jiaos, realizes location and the movement of hull (17) along the folding and unfolding of cavil (6) with anchor hawser (13).Windlass (7) is controlled by intelligence control system.Ship respectively establish end to end a GPS receiver (12).
The edge of hull (17) is provided with two cantilevers (1), and the connected hoist cable (5) of cantilever (1) connects cylinder (4) and is controlled by hoist engine (8), is rolling up geotextiles to be laid (2) on cylinder (4).Long 28 meters of cylinder (4), have certain weight, has flexural strength and axiality requirement; Hoist cable (5) is the traction rigging of cylinder (4) of rising and falling, and adopts wire rope, has enough tensile strength.Cantilever (1) is the supporting mass that rises and falls of cylinder (4), the gross mass of the whole roller components of load-bearing.Hoist engine (8) for the liter of cylinder (4), put device, when laying in order to the degree of depth of timely adjustment cylinder (4), with the compression mash face that prevents that cylinder (4) is undue, make geotextiles cylinder (4) difficult because resistance rolls too greatly, cause geotextiles not open continuously.Two be provided with the self-locking damping device, prevent that geotextiles is in water movement bottom roll (4) rotation, only just understand release and synchronously rotate laying when ship moves.
Described earthwork cloth laying ship navigation system as shown in Figure 3.On the known seat punctuate near An territory, edge, coastline, works area, setting up a fixing GPS fixed station is datum station (A).Satellite-signal, by gps antenna (19) on the bank, after GPS receiver (18) receives, is inputted data radio station (22) on the bank on the bank, then by amplifirer (21), is amplified through communication antenna (20) on the bank and is sent to movement station.The covering radius of datum station signalization is 15KM.As shown in Figure 3A.Movement station (B) is the collection satellite-signal point of setting up on the workboat (2) in waters, by GPS stern travelling carriage and two satellite signal receiving points of GPS fore travelling carriage, receive in addition radio station (31) depth-sounder (29), depth-sounder probe (30), industrial PC (23) composition.As shown in Figure 3 B.
With carrier phase real time differential positioning principle, the signal from satellite that three GPS receivers of datum station (A) and movement station (B) receive simultaneously, the satellite-signal that datum station (A) receives is issued movement station (B) through data radio station and the amplifirer generation data transmission link of datum station.The reception radio station (31) of movement station (B) receives the data input industrial PC (23) of datum station (A).Industrial PC (23) is resolved compares the data of datum station to draw error with the data of known point, again this Real-time Error value in order to eliminate the error of unknown point, effectively weaken the impact on signal of satellite clock correction, ephemeris error, ionospheric convection layer and SA policy, thereby improved positioning precision, can accurately determine run trace and the attitude of ship of boats and ships, positioning precision is ± 10 centimetres.And can be regardless of realizing all weather operations at daytime and night.
Pulpit (3) and loop wheel machine are positioned at the centre of buoyancy aid, 7.6 meters of loop wheel machine (11) brachiums.For from harbour and other ships, loading and unloading geotextiles and sandstone bag.Pulpit (3) is for each loop wheel machine of centralized Control, hoist engine and windlass, built-in centralized control computer, GPS position indicator, intelligence control system, stretching type brake device, generating equipment, living facilities etc.
During operation, laying ship (17), be dragged to the laying operating location, in four angular direction of laying ship (17), throw lower four anchors, the location windlass (7) of four jiaos is controlled by positioner; Record the on-the-spot related data of input, industrial PC (23) navigation system is started working, a plurality of satellite-signals, through fore gps antenna (25), fore GPS receiver (24), enter industrial PC (23) through stern gps antenna (27), stern GPS receiver (28); Datum station (A) signal that movement station communication antenna (26) receives simultaneously is by receiving radio station (31) input industrial PC (23); Industrial PC (23) is resolved various signals, and adopts a set of working software to control the folding and unfolding of four anchor hawsers (13) in good time, adjusts the correct position of boats and ships.On computers by the construction area that designs the good required laying geotextiles of setting coordinate, show ballast district (36) on screen in operation process, lay district (32), lay district (33), do not lay district (34) and crossover region (35), as shown in Figure 4.The cell plane working drawing of dividing every width geotextiles according to real size and the construction area plane of arrangement of every width geotextiles, the position and attitude that shows the laying district cell that hull is set by computer screen, use again 4 windlass (7) to carry out hull and move accommodation, make sideline, hull location and setup unit lattice lay initial sideline, district and overlap, illustrate hull accurate positioning can try the laying operation.
Send and put down the cylinder instruction, intelligence system is controlled hoist engine (8) and is being put down cylinder (4) to painting face (16), the mobile ship of laying is simulated laying, the probe (30) of depth-sounder (29) is scanned laying basal plane simultaneously, rid, lay the real data recorded according to simulation, carry out error correction and data adjustment.
Described geotextiles splicing, made the single width width on land in the geotextiles of 4-5 rice, be spliced into width at 25 ± 0.5 meters, then it is wound on to cylinder (4) upper, and reel in side seam limit processed, in case the bending fold of work cloth in winding process; Cut off by design length, and on the external end head of geotextiles, steel pipe (15) and 4 grasps (14) that diameter is 90 centimetres are installed.
Described sandstone bag (10) is to be less than the rubble of 5 centimetres with sand or particle diameter to pack into after cloth bag to seal and form, 20～40 kilograms of every bag of weight.Adopt the nail sandstone bag of geotextile laying special use under water at crossover region (35).Play the effect of suppression geotextiles, prevented the unsteady drift of geotextiles, make geotextile laying smooth-going and wrinkle resistant
Described shipment is, with support vessel, geotextiles cylinder (4) and rubble bag (10) are transported to laying ship limit.With loop wheel machine (11), geotextiles cylinder (4) is winched to and lays on ship, be arranged on cantilever (1).And the sandstone bag (10) that will suppress geotextiles is packed into together and is laid on the stock box (9) of ship opposite side.
At first shift out on 1 accommodation outside the paving location beginning laying ship, after accurate positioning, put down cylinder (4) to painting face (16); Secondly the grasp of geotextiles (2) one ends (14) is pricked into mash, then send the laying instruction, front two anchor hawsers (13) tighten up, and rear two anchor hawsers (13) loosen, hull (17) moves along the sideline, location, and geotextiles (2) is (16) drawout on painting face; Then sandstone bag (10) puts down, and evenly is pressed on geotextiles (11).After previous paving location completes, hoisting drum (4), move to a rear paving location laying ship, carries out the laying of next width geotextiles, and two width geotextiles are 60 ± 15 centimetres in the lap width of crossover region (35).When the laying ship moves to rear paving location again, with the split barge metaling that the throwing particle diameter is less than 15 centimetres on previous paving location, so move in circles, complete geotextile laying under water.
Claims (5)
1. geotextile laying method under water is characterized in that:
The first step: record the on-the-spot depth of water of operating location, flow velocity, the flow direction, wind-force, wind direction, tidal range, wave level, the smooth situation of basal plane, be dragged to laying ship the scene of laying, open position indicator and industrial PC, according to exploration situation input related data, the planning paving location, determine laying-out;
Second step: four anchors under throwing in four angular direction of laying ship, determine position with the GPS position indicator, with windlass, move and lay ship positionning on paving location, remove the obstruction on the painting face of laying, put down roller shifting laying ship and simulate laying, carry out factually error correction and data adjustment;
The 3rd step: will make the geotextiles of having spliced and be wound on cylinder, and connect a pipe and at least 2 grasps on the external end head of geotextiles, the geotextiles cylinder is winched to and lays on ship jib on one side, and the sandstone bag that will suppress geotextiles is deposited on the another side of laying ship;
The 4th step: shift out on 1-2 accommodation outside first paving location beginning laying ship, put down cylinder to painting face, prick lower grasp, the mobile ship of laying, throw in the sandstone bag at the another side of laying ship, implements to lay;
The 5th step: after first paving location completes, hoisting drum, the mobile laying on ship to the second paving location, according to the step of above-mentioned the 3rd step the 4th step, carry out the laying of next width geotextiles;
The 6th step: when the laying ship moves to the 3rd paving location, the sand material that the throwing particle diameter is less than 15 centimetres on first paving location, the like, repeatedly repeat, until whole design surface has been laid.
2. the method for geotextile laying under water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: on land the single width width is made in the geotextiles of 4-5 rice, be spliced into width at 25 ± 0.5 meters, then it is wound on cylinder (4), reel in side seam limit processed, in case the bending fold of work cloth in winding process; Cut off by design length, and on the external end head of geotextiles, steel pipe (15) and 4 grasps (14) that diameter is 90 centimetres are installed.
3. the method for geotextile laying under water as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: sandstone bag (10) is to be less than the rubble of 5 centimetres with sand or particle diameter to pack into after cloth bag to seal and form, 20～40 kilograms of every bag of weight.
4. the method for geotextile laying under water as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: at first laying ship, shift out on 1 accommodation outside the paving location beginning, after accurate positioning, put down cylinder (4) to painting face (16); Secondly the grasp of geotextiles (2) one ends (14) is pricked into mash, then send the laying instruction, front two anchor hawsers (13) tighten up, and rear two anchor hawsers (13) loosen, hull (17) moves along the sideline, location, and geotextiles (2) is (16) drawout on painting face; Then sandstone bag (10) puts down, and evenly is pressed on geotextiles (11).
5. the method for geotextile laying under water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: after previous paving location completes, hoisting drum (4), move to a rear paving location laying ship, carry out the laying of next width geotextiles, two width geotextiles are 60 ± 15 centimetres in the lap width of crossover region (35).
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| CN201210202475.XA CN103485308B (en) | 2012-06-09 | 2012-06-09 | Underwater geotextile fabric laying method |
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| CN201210202475.XA CN103485308B (en) | 2012-06-09 | 2012-06-09 | Underwater geotextile fabric laying method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104652403A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江科技学院 | Underwater geotechnical cloth lapping and pavement method |
| CN104912141A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-16 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel foundation bed geotextile bulkhead segmented type covering silt-prevention system and method |
| CN105862670A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-17 | 陆振富 | Riverway ecological grid laying method and riverway |
| CN110409407A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-11-05 | 中交一航局第一工程有限公司 | A kind of laying process of long piled wharf lower section geotextiles |
| CN110700267A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-17 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司宁波分公司 | Laying ship and construction method for laying geosynthetic material |
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| CN2312969Y (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-07 | 上海港务工程公司 | Implement for laying-out building cloth |
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| CN104652403A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江科技学院 | Underwater geotechnical cloth lapping and pavement method |
| CN104912141A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-16 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel foundation bed geotextile bulkhead segmented type covering silt-prevention system and method |
| CN104912141B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-01-16 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tube tunnel bedding geotextiles separation sectional type covers anti-silting system and method |
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| CN110409407B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-07-30 | 中交一航局第一工程有限公司 | Laying process of earthwork cloth below high-pile wharf |
| CN110700267A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-17 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司宁波分公司 | Laying ship and construction method for laying geosynthetic material |
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| CN103485308B (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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