CN103483237A - 一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN103483237A
CN103483237A CN201310481320.9A CN201310481320A CN103483237A CN 103483237 A CN103483237 A CN 103483237A CN 201310481320 A CN201310481320 A CN 201310481320A CN 103483237 A CN103483237 A CN 103483237A
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岳彩波
高学频
储昭莲
吴胜华
诸荣孙
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    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract

本发明提供一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,属于有机化学合成技术领域。所述制备吡咯衍生物的反应中2,5-环己二酮与芳香胺摩尔比为1:1,双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的摩尔量是所用芳香胺的5~10%,反应温度为25~50℃,反应时间为0.5~6h,反应压力为一个大气压,反应结束后,乙醚洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,再经硅胶色谱柱分离得到纯吡咯衍生物。下层液体经真空干燥后可重复使用。本发明与传统催化剂催化制备的方法相比,具有催化剂可以循环使用、反应中不使用可挥发性有机溶剂、催化剂对环境危害小等特点,易于工业化应用。

Description

一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法。
背景技术
吡咯衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,在天然产物化学、有机合成、药物化学及材料化学等领域有着广泛的用途。对于吡咯衍生物的合成方法有很多,而Paal-Knorr缩合反应合成法作为广泛使用的合成方法吸引着越来越多化学和医药工作者的兴趣。目前,已经有一些新型催化剂用于催化Paal-Knorr缩合反应,其中包括氧化铝、对甲基苯磺酸、硅酸盐、碘、甲酸等。但是,这些催化剂大都存在一些缺点,比如需要使用大量有毒有害的可挥发性有机溶剂,反应时间较长、反应条件苛刻、产品分离纯化操作复杂等。因此,寻找高效、绿色催化剂,提供一种符合绿色化学发展趋势、节约能源和便于工业化生产要求的制备吡咯衍生物方法受到人们的广泛关注。
离子液体具有许多优异的特性,被认为是理想的绿色反应介质,已被广泛用于化学合成、分离工程和纳米材料制备等领域。在催化领域,作为功能化离子液体之一的酸性离子液体由于兼具离子液体、液体酸及固体酸的诸多优点,使其不仅在反应中可作为绿色溶剂,而且更多是作为酸催化剂影响着整个反应,显示出极高的催化活性。
酸性离子液体用于催化缩合反应的报道比较多,比如催化Mannich缩合反应、Prins缩合反应、醇醛缩合反应、醛酮缩合反应等。但是用酸性离子液体作为制备吡咯衍生物的Paal-Knorr缩合反应的溶剂兼催化剂的研究未见有报道。因此,开展此方面的研究对于吡咯衍生物工业化生产向“绿色化工”方向发展具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种收率高、工艺简单且环境友好的催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,以加速实现吡咯衍生物工业生产的绿色化。
本发明所使用的双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
Figure BDA0000395776560000021
本发明所提供的一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,反应式为:
其中:反应中2,5-环己二酮(I)与芳香胺(II)摩尔比为1:1,双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的摩尔量是所用芳香胺的5~10%,反应温度为25~50℃,反应时间为0.5~6h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,乙醚洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,再经硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯吡咯衍生物(III)。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经真空干燥后可重复使用多次。
本发明所用的芳香胺为苯胺、苯甲胺、对甲基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺、对氯苯胺、邻氯苯胺中的任一种。
本发明所使用的催化剂的制备方法,见相关文献(Diastereoselective synthesisof pyrazolines using a bifunctionalacidic ionic liquid under solvent-freeconditions.Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis,354(2012),3095-3104)。
本发明与传统催化剂催化制备的方法相比,具有以下特点:
1、催化剂可以循环使用,且在循环使用中催化活性几乎保持不变;
2、反应中不使用可挥发性有机溶剂,可减轻对环境产生的危害;
3、催化剂毒性较小,且对反应容器的腐蚀性也较小。
附图说明
图1为本发明双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实质特点和显著效果可以从下述的实施例中得以体现,但它们并不对本发明作任何限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整,均属于本发明的保护范围。下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明,其中实施例中反应产物的测试表征使用的是德国Bruker公司,型号为DRX-300MHz的核磁共振仪;反应产物的熔点采用毛细管法测定。
实施例1
将5mmol苯胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.25mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在25℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(薄层色谱)(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时2h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-苯基-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为94%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-苯基-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.50~51℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.98(s,6H),5.84(s,2H),7.09~7.17(m,2H),7.28~7.44(m,3H)
实施例2
将5mmol苯甲胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.25mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在25℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时1.5h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-苯甲基-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为91%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-苯甲基-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.41~42℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.20(s,6H),5.04(s,2H),5.89(s,2H),6.90~6.93(m,2H),7.25~7.36(m,3H)
实施例3
将5mmol4-甲基苯胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.30mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在25℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时2h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-(4-甲基苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为92%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-(4-甲基苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.46~47℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.08(s,6H),2.47(s,3H),5.90(s,2H),7.12(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=7.8Hz,2H)
实施例4
将5mmol4-甲氧基苯胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.25mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在25℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时1.5h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为93%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.60~61℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.04(s,6H),3.88(s,3H),5.91(s,2H),6.96~6.98(m,2H),7.12~7.16(m,2H)
实施例5
将5mmol4-氯苯胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.40mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在35℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时2h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-(4-氯苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为94%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-(4-氯苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.49~50℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.07(s,6H),5.93(s,2H),7.17~7.19(m,2H),7.42~7.45(m,2H)
实施例6
将5mmol3-氯苯胺、5mmol2,5-环己二酮和0.50mmol催化剂加入到50ml带有搅拌子的单口瓶中。在50℃下剧烈搅拌反应,TLC(展开剂为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)跟踪反应进度。反应用时6h,反应压力为一个大气压。反应结束后,用乙醚(15ml×3)洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,硅胶色谱柱(流动相为乙酸乙酯:正己烷=3:7,体积比)分离得到纯1-(3-氯苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯,收率为92%。下层液体(主要成分是双磺酸根离子液体与反应生成的水)经85℃真空干燥后可重复使用。
1-(3-氯苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯:m.p.52~53℃;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.04(s,6H),5.93(s,2H),7.13~7.15(m,1H),7.26(s,1H),7.38~7.40(m,2H)
实施例7
以实施例1为探针反应,作反应催化剂的活性重复性试验,催化剂重复使用6次,其催化收率变化见表1。
表1本发明中催化剂活性重复性试验结果
催化剂循环使用次数 1-苯基-2,5-二甲基吡咯收率(%)
1 94
2 92
3 91
4 92
5 90
6 88
由表1数据可以看出:催化剂在循环使用过程中1-苯基-2,5-二甲基吡咯的收率稍有降低,但降低幅度较小,证明其可以在催化制备吡咯衍生物的反应中循环使用。

Claims (3)

1.一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述制备吡咯衍生物的反应中2,5-环己二酮与芳香胺摩尔比为1:1,双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的摩尔量是所用芳香胺的5~10%,反应温度为25~50℃,反应时间为0.5~6h,反应压力为一个大气压,反应结束后,乙醚洗涤,分液,收集上层乙醚层,干燥后进行减压旋蒸除去乙醚,再经硅胶色谱柱分离得到纯吡咯衍生物;
所述双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
Figure FDA0000395776550000011
2.如权利要求1所述的一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的芳香胺为苯胺、苯甲胺、对甲基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺、对氯苯胺、邻氯苯胺中的任一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种双磺酸根离子液体催化制备吡咯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述分液后的下层液体为含双磺酸根离子液体催化剂的水相,其经真空干燥后可重复使用。
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