CN103470220B - Gas hydrates analogue experiment installation - Google Patents
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- CN103470220B CN103470220B CN201310364274.4A CN201310364274A CN103470220B CN 103470220 B CN103470220 B CN 103470220B CN 201310364274 A CN201310364274 A CN 201310364274A CN 103470220 B CN103470220 B CN 103470220B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, and this analogue experiment installation includes longitudinal consersion unit and horizontal consersion unit, is communicated with and is provided with sapphire reactor in longitudinal consersion unit; Sapphire reactor side correspondence arranges visualization device; Longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit and sapphire reactor are provided with temperature gradient key-course and probe measurement system; Probe measurement system is connected with data acquisition processing system; Air inlet, supercharging and discharge pipe line is provided with bottom longitudinal consersion unit.This analogue experiment installation can realize temperature in container and present gradient distribution, and hydrate is the synthesis of local interval in a reservoir; Gas from vessel bottom inflow is upwards migrated with diffusion way, can effectively simulating hydrate be formed and decompose; Can measuring tempeature, pressure distribution and hydrate concentration change in real time; The influence research exploiting simulation can be carried out in mass transport process; The Formation rule of further understanding hydrate, hydrate layer mass transfer and decompose rule.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of experimental facilities, particularly relate to a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation based on mass transport process.
Background technology
Since the nineties in 20th century, the progressively intensification be familiar with gas hydrates along with people, gas hydrates, as a kind of grand strategy resource and potential Geological Environment Influence factor, have carried out deeply comprehensively research in global scope.Certainly, simulation experiment study under laboratory scale is a wherein important ring, the research means of current hydrate presents interdiscipline, multi-disciplinary application characteristic, a large amount of innovative techniques and means are applied to the research of hydrate, and its approach mainly contains three classes: directly apply in in-situ testing device; Adopt modern test technology research hydrate sample; Transformation tester makes it the in-situ test adapting to hydrate.
By laboratory experiment analog study, comprehensive analysis gas hydrates are formed and in decomposable process, each materialization and the isoparametric dynamic change of mechanics, for understanding gas hydrates output condition, Forming Mechanism, the regularity of distribution, environmental effect etc. have important directive significance further.Industry Chongqing light etc. (2008) utilize ultrasonic and Time Domain Reflectometry combined detection technology, have studied the relation of hydrate concentration and acoustic characteristic in deposit; Song Liquns etc. (2011) are for the formation condition influence factor of gas hydrates, means of testing by experiment, have studied the composition of natural gas when gas hydrates are formed, acid gas content, water the various factors such as salinity, alcohols on the impact of the pressure and temp condition formed; Sun Jianye etc. (2009), based on the natural gas hydrate simulating mining experimental apparatus researched and developed voluntarily, have carried out the experimental study of electrical heating method and decompression method two kinds of production techniques; Li Shuxia etc. (2010) utilize homemade hydrate exploitation simulated experiment system, under simulation Marine Geology condition in porous media gas hydrates heat injection salt solution decomposing level process and heat injection parameter on the impact of heating exploitation energy efficiency; Zhang Xuhui etc. (2012), by carrying out centrifuge experiment at indoor synthesis hydrate sediment, explore evolutionary process and destructive characteristics that decomposition of hydrate causes submarine slope distortion and slump; Sun Xiaojie etc. (2012) utilize the hydrate in-situ measurement system of independent development, have studied the mechanical property of the hydrate sediment rock sample of different hydrate concentration under different confined pressure condition.Above-mentioned experimental study analysis all be unable to do without hydrate analogue experiment installation, and research and development and design with timer also directly affect the parameter of experiment type and test.
The domestic research and design unit carrying out hydrate analogue experiment installation mainly contains the mechanisms such as Qingdao Inst of Marine Geology, Guangzhou Energy Resource Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Inst. of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Marine University, China Petroleum Univ. (East-China), Dalian University of Technology, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, but the instrument of Mei Jia unit development all exists certain weak point.If: Chinese Patent Application No. is that the assay method of the resistance of the gas hydrates of 201010282443.6 and special purpose device function thereof are more single, can only gas hydrates resistance in assaying reaction still, Chinese Patent Application No. is the gas hydrate thermophysical property simulation experiment device of 201010222093.4, Chinese Patent Application No. is the generation simulator for natural gas hydrates of 200520085585.8, Chinese Patent Application No. is the in site measurement gas hydrate of 200410051811.0 and the method and apparatus etc. containing hydrate deposit sediment heat stability, its gas hydrate synthesis Sum decomposition is all in respective independently small container, can not reflect that in true stratum, hydrate only composes the phenomenon of depositing at local interval, gas from vessel top enters simultaneously, up spread inconsistent with gas in natural environment by bottom.
Natural Gas In China hydrate stock number is huge, the research generation of hydrate, the mechanism of enrichment Sum decomposition is for exploration and to develop natural gas hydrate resources significant, sets up a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation and carries out gas hydrates fundamental research and seem particularly necessary.
Thus, the present inventor relies on experience and the practice of being engaged in relevant industries for many years, proposes a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, to overcome the defect of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, to overcome, existing experimental facilities function singleness, reactor volume are little can not to be reflected in true stratum that hydrate interval is composed to deposit cash and the shortcoming such as to resemble.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, can measuring tempeature, pressure distribution and hydrate concentration change in real time; Realize the video detection that hydrate in pure water generates, decomposes; Realize level or vertical on temperature gradient and the equipment bottom air inlet of nature.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, described analogue experiment installation includes longitudinal consersion unit and seals with longitudinal consersion unit the horizontal consersion unit be communicated with, and is communicated with and is provided with sapphire reactor in longitudinal consersion unit; Described sapphire reactor side correspondence arranges visualization device; Described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit and sapphire reactor are provided with temperature gradient key-course and probe measurement system; Described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit, sapphire reactor and visualization device are arranged in a freezer room; Described probe measurement system is connected with data acquisition processing system; Described longitudinal consersion unit sealed bottom is provided with air inlet pipeline, pressure piping and discharge pipe line; Described longitudinal consersion unit top seal is provided with gas exhaust piping.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, described longitudinal consersion unit and horizontal consersion unit form H pipe net; Described longitudinal consersion unit is made up of a longitudinal reactor, or be made up of multiple longitudinal reactor series connection conducting; Described horizontal consersion unit is made up of a horizontal reactor, or be made up of multiple horizontal reactor series connection conducting; Described sapphire reactor is arranged on the upper end of longitudinal consersion unit; Now be tightly connected by easily extensible cause for gossip between described each reactor.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, described freezer room is provided with refrigeration system; Be provided with equipment base in described freezer room, described network collocation is on described equipment base.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, be provided with sealing bottom in described longitudinal consersion unit bottom longitudinal reactor bottom, in described longitudinal consersion unit, longitudinal reactor top is topmost provided with top pressure closure; Described air inlet pipeline, pressure piping and discharge pipe line, through described sealing bottom, are provided with air inlet pad above sealing bottom; Described gas exhaust piping is through described top pressure closure.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, in described air inlet pipeline, be sequentially provided with gas cylinder, pressure accommodometer, admission valve and flow meter; Supercharging equipment is provided with in described pressure piping; Draining valve is provided with in described discharge pipe line; Outlet valve is provided with in described gas exhaust piping.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, described sapphire reactor is provided with sapphire visual window; Described visualization device comprises cold light picture pick-up device and the microexamination equipment of corresponding described sapphire visual window setting.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, set temperature gradient key-course and probe measurement system on the whole or indivedual reactors in described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the probe measurement system be arranged on sapphire reactor includes temperature probe, pressure probe, time domain reaction instrument probe, acoustic measurement probe and electrochemical impedance probe.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the probe measurement system be arranged on longitudinal reactor and horizontal reactor includes temperature probe, pressure probe, time domain reaction instrument probe and acoustics measuring probe.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, sapphire reactor, longitudinal reactor are identical with length with the radius of horizontal reactor; Internal diameter is 148mm, and design pressure is 30MPa, and use pressure is 9.99Mpa, and reactor often saves length and is no more than 1m, and often saving volume is 17.89L.
From the above mentioned, the present invention is a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation based on mass transport process, can realize temperature in container present gradient distribution by control appliance, can realize hydrate local interval synthesis in a reservoir; Gas from vessel bottom inflow, upwards migrates with diffusion way, can effectively simulating hydrate be formed and decompose; Analogue experiment installation can measuring tempeature, pressure distribution and hydrate concentration change in real time; The exchange of heat or different medium can be realized at any part of equipment, carry out in mass transport process the influence research exploiting simulation; Adopt electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the impedance spectrum in region can be recorded; Machine acquisition process experimental data as calculated, can be familiar with the Formation rule of hydrate, hydrate layer mass transfer further and decompose rule.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The following drawings is only intended to schematically illustrate the present invention and explain, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1: be the structural representation of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2: be structure and the detection layout schematic diagram of sapphire reactor in the present invention.
Fig. 3: be structure and the detection layout schematic diagram of reactor longitudinal in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and effect, now contrast accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the present invention proposes a kind of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation 100, described analogue experiment installation 100 includes longitudinal consersion unit 1 and seals with longitudinal consersion unit 1 the horizontal consersion unit 2 be communicated with, and is communicated with and is provided with sapphire reactor 3 in longitudinal consersion unit 1; Described sapphire reactor 3 side correspondence arranges visualization device 4; Described longitudinal consersion unit 1, horizontal consersion unit 2 and sapphire reactor 3 are provided with temperature gradient key-course 5 and probe measurement system 6; Described longitudinal consersion unit 1, horizontal consersion unit 2, sapphire reactor 3 and visualization device 4 are arranged in a freezer room 7; Described probe measurement system 4 is connected with data acquisition processing system 8, and described data acquisition processing system comprises data acquisition unit and computer; Described longitudinal consersion unit 1 sealed bottom is provided with air inlet pipeline 91, pressure piping 92 and discharge pipe line 93; Described longitudinal consersion unit 1 top seal is provided with gas exhaust piping 94.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, described longitudinal consersion unit 1 and horizontal consersion unit 2 form H pipe net; Described longitudinal consersion unit 1 is made up of the conducting of connecting of multiple longitudinal reactor 11; Described horizontal consersion unit 2 is made up of a horizontal reactor 21; Described sapphire reactor 3 is arranged on the upper end of longitudinal consersion unit 1; Described each reactor is low temperature resistant, a high voltage bearing container, is now tightly connected between each reactor by easily extensible cause for gossip.Described freezer room 7 is provided with refrigeration system 71; Be provided with equipment base 72 in described freezer room 7, equipment base 72 is reinforced concrete structures, and for fixing whole equipment, described network collocation is on described equipment base 72.
In the present embodiment, sapphire reactor 3, longitudinal reactor 11 are substantially identical with the structure of horizontal reactor 21; As shown in Figure 2, be the structural representation of sapphire reactor 3; As shown in Figure 3, be the structural representation of longitudinal reactor 11; The two ends of shown each single reactor are provided with seal cover; But, after each reactor is communicated with access integral device, the seal cover of respective end can be removed according to the connection of reality; In the present embodiment, be provided with sealing bottom 111 in described longitudinal consersion unit 1 bottom longitudinal reactor 11 bottom, in described longitudinal consersion unit 1, longitudinal reactor 11 top is topmost provided with top pressure closure 112; Described air inlet pipeline 91, pressure piping 92 and discharge pipe line 93 is through described sealing bottom 111, air inlet pad 113 is provided with above sealing bottom 111, lower air inlet can be realized, by the intermittent warming of inlet end, make inlet end not have hydrate generation and cause air inlet pipeline to block; Described gas exhaust piping 94 is through described top pressure closure 112.
In the present embodiment, gas cylinder 911, pressure accommodometer 912, admission valve 913 and flow meter 914 is sequentially provided with in described air inlet pipeline 91; Increase equipment 921 is provided with in described pressure piping 92; Draining valve 931 is provided with in described discharge pipe line 93; Outlet valve 941 is provided with in described gas exhaust piping 94.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, described sapphire reactor 3 is provided with sapphire visual window 31; Described visualization device 4 comprises cold light picture pick-up device 41 and the microexamination equipment 42 of corresponding described sapphire visual window 31 setting; In the aqueous solution, gas hydrate synthesis is dynamically transferred to computer by cold light picture pick-up device 41.In deposit, the generation state of hydrate, constituent can utilize Raman spectroscopy to detect by these windows, arrange electrochemical electrode pair, utilize electrochemical workstation can record the impedance spectrum at this place at relative position.Adopt the measurement means that unique electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy combine, pass through obtained sediment composition and impedance spectrum data, acquisition ion concentration herein, diffusion coefficient, resistivity etc. can be calculated, the appearance of micro-crack during decomposition of hydrate even can be detected.
In the present embodiment, experimentally requirement, can select set temperature gradient key-course 5 and probe measurement system 6 on the whole or indivedual reactors in described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit.The probe measurement system 6 be arranged on sapphire reactor 3 includes temperature probe 61, pressure probe 62, time domain reaction instrument probe 63, acoustic measurement probe 64 and electrochemical impedance probe 65, and sapphire reactor 3 experimentally needs to arrange above-mentioned all or part of probe; Above-mentioned probe is connected with data acquisition unit; And the probe measurement system 6 be arranged on longitudinal reactor 11 and horizontal reactor 21 includes temperature probe 61, pressure probe 62, time domain reaction instrument probe 63 and acoustics measuring probe 64, do not comprise electrochemical impedance probe 65.These survey marks can measure the parameter distribution such as temperature, pressure, saturation ratio along pipeline direction.
If probe measurement system 6 is arranged on the reactor at top, can by top pressure closure by corresponding probe sealing intercalation reaction still; If when probe measurement system 6 is arranged on the reactor in the middle of equipment, can at reactor lateral opening hole, utilize screw thread cutting ferrule technology to install, this is a kind of technique of maturation.
Sapphire reactor 3 described in present embodiment, longitudinal reactor 11 are identical with length with the radius of horizontal reactor 21; Its internal diameter is 148mm, and design pressure is 30MPa, and use pressure is 9.99Mpa, and reactor often saves length and is no more than 1m, and often saving volume is 17.89L.
The comprehensive existing hydrate investigative technique of gas hydrates analogue experiment installation of the present invention, on the basis of drawing the technology such as temperature and pressure measurement, resistance measurement, TDR, hydrate performance study based on mass transport process designs, equipment is H type pipe network shape, level can be realized or vertical on temperature gradient and the equipment bottom air inlet of nature, employing fast-open type connects, can in level and vertically both direction independent assortment distortion; The exchange of heat or different medium can be realized at any part of equipment, carry out in mass transport process the influence research exploiting simulation.Adopting electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, by recording the impedance spectrum in region, and then obtaining the parameters such as ion concentration, diffusion coefficient, resistivity.Gas hydrates analogue experiment installation of the present invention can realize diffusion phenomena gas hydrates being formed to gas phase, liquid phase in the change of temperature, pressure and saturation ratio, hydrate in decomposable process, the formation etc. of hydrate Dynamic Crack is carried out furtheing investigate and simulating, by the understanding of deepening Gas Hydrate Deposition and exploitation and understanding.
The present invention adopts monolithic air bath, and refrigeration system is separated with freezer room, affects sensitive sensing system to prevent refrigeration compressor set; Low-temperature circulating liquid enters freezer room, freezer room temperature is reduced by interchange of heat, realizes the cooling of whole pressure duct integral container, under system is in the environment of a temperature relative constancy, and can the temperature gradient of flexible combination.
The meaning measuring diffusion coefficient is when hydrate is exploited, must be decomposition of hydrate, conflux and the process derived, in the change in this process in hydrate and the diffusion of methane gas, deposit, the diffusion of other chemical compositions as various salt negative ions must be closely bound up.Therefore, Raman is utilized to determine the component in somewhere, measure diffusion coefficient, in conjunction with the temperature difference in level, vertical direction, compared with the parameter (component, diffusion coefficient) at other positions, just can summarize under level or Vertical Temperature field action, under the generation state of lower air inlet, the feature of decomposition of hydrate.
When the meaning of seizure micro-crack is decomposition of hydrate, hydrate is by lost strength.Due to the diverging flow of gas, cause micro-crack to occur, be polymerized, cause the unstability of hydrate layer the most at last, the production process of micro-crack detected, by the exploitation method research of hydrate, there is important directive significance.
Before starting experiment, sapphire reactor, longitudinal reactor, horizontal reactor distilled water are cleaned, then after rinsing with saturation water, connect successively, and install on equipment base; In connection and installation process, experimentally need, the media such as saturation water, deposit or artificial rock can be added in reactor; Connect the probe such as temperature probe, pressure probe, time domain reaction instrument (TDR) probe, electrochemical impedance probe, acoustic measurement probe, and by the sealing of data acquisition processing system inspection machine and the validity of probe; After upchecking, utilize refrigeration system that relevant temperature is down in freezer room, temperature gradient key-course also can carry out the adjustment of formula in gradient to the temperature in reactor; By gas cylinder, pressure accommodometer etc. progressively to injecting gas in reactor; The pressure in reactor is controlled by supercharging equipment; By the factor such as control temperature and pressure, hydrate generates lentamente in a kettle., the change of each parameter in the probe real-time detection reactors such as temperature probe, pressure probe, TDR probe, electrochemical impedance probe, acoustic measurement probe, and parameter is sent to data acquisition processing system, numerical value and the change curve thereof of each parameter can be shown on computers in real time; When the medium in sapphire reactor is saturated aqueous solution, hydrate is in sapphire reactor in forming process, its formative dynamics is transferred to computer by cold light picture pick-up device, show in real time on computers, simultaneously also by sapphire visual window, utilize microexamination equipment clear view to the formation of hydrate, when growing amount is large, by sapphire visual window, naked eyes also can be observed hydrate.
After gas hydrates are formed, can by controlling the temperature in freezer room or temperature gradient key-course rising reactor, or reduce the pressure in reactor by supercharging equipment, gas hydrates are made to start to decompose, utilize the change of each parameter in the probe real-time detection reactors such as temperature probe, pressure probe, TDR probe, electrochemical impedance probe, acoustic measurement probe, and parameter is sent to data acquisition processing system, numerical value and the change curve thereof of each parameter can be shown on computers in real time.By parameter and the variation tendency thereof of collection, can carry out furtheing investigate and simulating for the formation etc. of exploitation simulation in the diffusion of gas phase and liquid phase in the change of temperature, pressure and saturation ratio, hydrate in gas hydrates formation and decomposable process, mass transport process, hydrate Dynamic Crack.
Gas hydrates analogue experiment installation of the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) device adopts fast-open type to connect, can in level and vertically both direction independent assortment distortion;
(2) measuring tempeature, pressure distribution and hydrate concentration can change in real time, be convenient to the dynamic change researching and analysing gas hydrate synthesis decomposition;
(3) exchange of heat or different medium can be realized at any part of equipment, carry out in mass transport process the influence research exploiting simulation;
(4) adopting electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, by recording the impedance spectrum in region, the parameters such as ion concentration, diffusion coefficient, resistivity can be obtained.
The foregoing is only the schematic detailed description of the invention of the present invention, and be not used to limit scope of the present invention.Any those skilled in the art, equivalent variations done under the prerequisite not departing from design of the present invention and principle and amendment, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a gas hydrates analogue experiment installation, is characterized in that: described analogue experiment installation includes longitudinal consersion unit and seals with longitudinal consersion unit the horizontal consersion unit be communicated with, and is communicated with and is provided with sapphire reactor in longitudinal consersion unit; Described sapphire reactor side correspondence arranges visualization device; Described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit and sapphire reactor are provided with temperature gradient key-course and probe measurement system; Described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit, sapphire reactor and visualization device are arranged in a freezer room; Described probe measurement system is connected with data acquisition processing system; Described longitudinal consersion unit sealed bottom is provided with air inlet pipeline, pressure piping and discharge pipe line; Described longitudinal consersion unit top seal is provided with gas exhaust piping.
2. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described longitudinal consersion unit and horizontal consersion unit form H pipe net; Described longitudinal consersion unit is made up of a longitudinal reactor, or be made up of multiple longitudinal reactor series connection conducting; Described horizontal consersion unit is made up of a horizontal reactor, or be made up of multiple horizontal reactor series connection conducting; Described sapphire reactor is arranged on the upper end of longitudinal consersion unit; Now be tightly connected by easily extensible cause for gossip between described each reactor.
3. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described freezer room is provided with refrigeration system; Be provided with equipment base in described freezer room, described network collocation is on described equipment base.
4. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: be provided with sealing bottom bottom longitudinal reactor bottom in described longitudinal consersion unit, in described longitudinal consersion unit, longitudinal reactor top is topmost provided with top pressure closure; Described air inlet pipeline, pressure piping and discharge pipe line, through described sealing bottom, are provided with air inlet pad above sealing bottom; Described gas exhaust piping is through described top pressure closure.
5. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: be sequentially provided with gas cylinder, pressure accommodometer, admission valve and flow meter in described air inlet pipeline; Supercharging equipment is provided with in described pressure piping; Draining valve is provided with in described discharge pipe line; Outlet valve is provided with in described gas exhaust piping.
6. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described sapphire reactor is provided with sapphire visual window; Described visualization device comprises cold light picture pick-up device and the microexamination equipment of corresponding described sapphire visual window setting.
7. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: set temperature gradient key-course and probe measurement system on the whole or indivedual reactors in described longitudinal consersion unit, horizontal consersion unit.
8. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the probe measurement system be arranged on sapphire reactor includes temperature probe, pressure probe, time domain reaction instrument probe, acoustic measurement probe and electrochemical impedance probe.
9. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the probe measurement system be arranged on longitudinal reactor and horizontal reactor includes temperature probe, pressure probe, time domain reaction instrument probe and acoustics measuring probe.
10. gas hydrates analogue experiment installation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: sapphire reactor, longitudinal reactor are identical with the radius of horizontal reactor, sapphire reactor, longitudinal reactor are also identical with the length of horizontal reactor; Internal diameter is 148mm, and design pressure is 30MPa, and use pressure is 9.99Mpa, and reactor often saves length and is no more than 1m, and often saving volume is 17.89L.
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CN112031714B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Three-dimensional comprehensive test mining system of large-scale full-size mining well |
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