CN114352272B - Three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulation of hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation - Google Patents

Three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulation of hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation Download PDF

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CN114352272B
CN114352272B CN202011040197.3A CN202011040197A CN114352272B CN 114352272 B CN114352272 B CN 114352272B CN 202011040197 A CN202011040197 A CN 202011040197A CN 114352272 B CN114352272 B CN 114352272B
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dimensional
gas
liquid
reaction kettle
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CN114352272A (en
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修乃岭
王欣
刘云志
王海燕
严玉忠
许可
高睿
梁天成
卢拥军
付海峰
郑伟
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of a hydrate reservoir, which comprises a hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, a three-dimensional stress loading structure, a working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure, a natural gas supply structure, a temperature and pressure resistivity monitoring structure, a produced water gas metering structure and a data acquisition and control module. The system can be used for researching the fracture morphology, the expansion rule and the exploitation dynamic state of the natural gas hydrate reservoir under the three-dimensional stress state, and provides experimental support for exploring the fracture reconstruction technology and the exploitation scheme optimization of the hydrate reservoir.

Description

Three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulation of hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation, in particular to a three-dimensional experimental system for fracturing transformation and exploitation simulation experiment equipment-three-dimensional loading simulation hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation under a three-dimensional stress condition of natural gas hydrate.
Background
At present, the research on natural gas hydrate is gradually shifted from resource exploration to trial production. On the aspect of exploration of a hydrate development mode, a great deal of work is carried out on indoor experimental simulation and on-site trial production at home and abroad, and the hydrate trial production is carried out by a heat injection method, a depressurization method, a chemical reagent method, a carbon dioxide replacement method, a solid extraction method and the like, so that important progress is made, but the methods have the characteristics of low heat transfer rate, low hydrate production efficiency and the like generally, and the efficient and economic development of the hydrate is limited.
The key of the method for exploiting hydrate sediments is that the seepage capability of a hydrate sediments layer is greatly improved, the decomposition range of the hydrate is enlarged, and the reservoir transformation technology is an important technical means for increasing the oil and gas yield. The method for recovering the hydrate through fracturing and yield increasing transformation is paid more and more attention, and scholars at home and abroad search for the technology for recovering the hydrate through fracturing and yield increasing transformation of the reservoir.
However, at present, hydrate development through fracturing reservoir transformation is still in a technical assumption stage, related indoor physical simulation and field implementation are not performed, the hydrate fracturing transformation process and implementation scheme are not clear, and evaluation means for the influence on the exploitation effect and the yield increase mechanism are lacked after transformation. Therefore, a set of large-scale hydrate reservoir fracturing and yield increasing transformation and exploitation simulation device capable of simulating three-dimensional stress conditions is required to be established, the hydrate reservoir fracturing and yield increasing transformation technical research and yield increasing mechanism evaluation are developed, and support is provided for the on-site implementation and efficient development of the hydrate reservoir fracturing and yield increasing transformation. At present, three-dimensional simulation equipment cannot meet the simulation requirement of the fracturing transformation of a hydrate reservoir under a three-dimensional stress state, and domestic patent CN 103206210A discloses a hot fluid fracturing exploitation natural gas hydrate reservoir experimental device, but the system cannot load three-dimensional stress, and the fracturing transformation of the hydrate reservoir under the influence of the stress cannot be simulated.
Therefore, the inventor provides a three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of a hydrate reservoir by virtue of experience and practice of related industries in many years, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional experimental system for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation, which can be used for researching the form and the extension rule of a natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing crack and the exploitation dynamic after fracturing under a three-way stress state, and provides experimental support for exploring the hydrate reservoir fracturing transformation technology and the exploitation scheme optimization.
The invention aims to realize the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the increase production transformation and exploitation of a hydrate reservoir by three-way loading, which comprises,
the three-dimensional reaction kettle structure of the hydrate is used for generating the hydrate and comprises a reaction kettle barrel for accommodating and fixing a sediment sample, wherein a well pattern simulation structure capable of being inserted into the sediment sample is arranged in the reaction kettle barrel, and the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group;
the three-dimensional stress loading structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for applying three-dimensional stress to the sediment sample so as to simulate the stress environment of the hydrate reservoir; the device comprises a vertical stress loading device and a circumferential stress loading device;
The working solution supply and fracturing simulation structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for injecting the working solution into the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure to perform fracturing transformation simulation, heat injection or chemical replacement exploitation simulation; comprises a liquid injection pump;
the natural gas supply structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for injecting natural gas into the reaction kettle cylinder body and metering the injected natural gas, and the natural gas supply structure comprises a natural gas source, a gas injection structure and a gas flow metering controller;
the temperature-pressure resistivity monitoring structure is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the temperature, pressure and resistivity in the reaction kettle cylinder and comprises a first collecting control computer and a plurality of temperature-pressure resistivity observation points;
the produced water gas metering structure is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure through a pipeline, is used for controlling the outlet pressure of the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, and is used for metering produced gas, liquid and solid; comprises a pressure control structure, a separator structure and a metering structure;
the data acquisition and control module comprises a second acquisition control computer, and the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, the three-dimensional stress loading structure, the working solution supply and fracturing simulation structure, the natural gas supply structure and the produced water gas metering structure are all electrically connected with the second acquisition control computer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the stimulation reconstruction and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir by three-way loading further comprises a gas recovery structure which is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for recovering and recycling the exploited gas, and the three-dimensional experimental system comprises a gas recovery bottle which is communicated with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, two directions perpendicular to each other on the cross section of the reaction kettle cylinder are set as an X direction and a Y direction, and the axial direction of the reaction kettle cylinder is set as a Z direction; a square inner cavity is arranged in the reaction kettle cylinder body, a ring-shaped rubber sleeve capable of circumferentially coating sediment samples is arranged in the square inner cavity, a ring-shaped liquid injection space is formed between the inner wall of the square inner cavity and the outer wall of the ring-shaped rubber sleeve, and the ring-shaped rubber sleeve can isolate liquid and sediment samples in the ring-shaped liquid injection space; the annular stress loading device applies X-direction stress and Y-direction stress to the sediment sample through the annular glue pressing sleeve; the top of the reaction kettle cylinder body is provided with a vertical piston in a sealing sliding manner, and the vertical stress loading device applies Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through the vertical piston; the well pattern simulation structure is arranged in the annular pressure rubber sleeve.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an upper flange is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder in a sealing way, a pressurizing through hole is arranged on the upper flange in an axial penetrating way, the vertical piston is arranged in the pressurizing through hole in a sealing sliding way, and the bottom surface of the vertical piston can be propped against the top surface of a sediment sample; the upper flange is provided with a vertical piston gland capable of sealing the pressurizing through hole, the vertical piston gland is provided with a vertical hydraulic injection port, and the vertical stress loading device is communicated with the vertical hydraulic injection port to inject liquid to push the vertical piston to slide; and the vertical piston pressing cover is also provided with an exhaust interface and a liquid discharge interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertical well simulation well group comprises a plurality of vertical well bores, and the horizontal well simulation well group comprises a plurality of horizontal well bores; a lower flange is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder body in a sealing manner, a plurality of straight shaft interfaces and horizontal shaft interfaces which are arranged in an array are reserved on the lower flange, each straight shaft is respectively communicated with each straight shaft interface, and each horizontal shaft is respectively communicated with each horizontal shaft interface; and the lower flange is provided with an air inlet interface and a liquid inlet interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a piston groove is formed on the vertical piston from top to bottom, an upper pressurizing pad is sleeved in the piston groove, and the top of the upper pressurizing pad is fixedly connected with the vertical piston gland; the bottom of the annular rubber pressing sleeve is provided with a lower pressing base plate, and the bottom surface of the lower pressing base plate props against the bottom surface of the sediment sample.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure is an outer-round inner-square structure, the cross section of the reaction kettle barrel is circular, the reaction kettle barrel is detachably provided with a plurality of crescent moon plates, one side wall of each crescent moon plate is a circular arc wall, the other side wall is a plane wall, and the plane wall of each crescent moon plate can be enclosed to form the square inner cavity; an upper taper sleeve is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder body below the upper flange, an upper taper center hole is arranged on the upper taper sleeve in a penetrating manner, the upper taper center hole is communicated with the pressurizing through hole, and the vertical piston can pass through the upper taper center hole in a sealing manner; the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder is positioned between the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower flange, and a lower taper sleeve is arranged between the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower flange.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure is capable of being connected to the gas inlet port through a pipeline, and the liquid injection pump of the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure is capable of being connected to the liquid inlet port through a pipeline; the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower taper sleeve are provided with gas injection holes which can be communicated with the gas inlet interface, a lower ventilation baffle plate is arranged in the gas injection holes, and natural gas injected by the gas injection structure enters the square inner cavity through the gas inlet interface, the lower ventilation baffle plate and the gas injection holes; the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower taper sleeve are provided with liquid injection holes which can be communicated with the liquid inlet ports, a lower filter plate is arranged in each liquid injection hole, and working liquid injected by the liquid injection pump enters the square inner cavity through the liquid inlet ports, the lower filter plate and the liquid injection holes;
the vertical piston and the upper taper sleeve are provided with exhaust holes which can be communicated with the exhaust interface, an upper ventilation baffle plate is arranged in each exhaust hole, and gas in the square inner cavity can be exhausted through the exhaust holes, the upper ventilation baffle plate and the exhaust interface; the vertical piston and the upper taper sleeve are provided with a liquid discharge hole which can be communicated with the liquid discharge interface, the liquid discharge hole is internally provided with an upper filter plate, and liquid in the square inner cavity can be discharged through the liquid discharge hole, the upper filter plate and the liquid discharge interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rubber sleeve supporting frame capable of supporting the rubber sleeve is arranged at the outer side of the annular rubber sleeve, a rubber sleeve pressing ring is arranged at the top of the rubber sleeve supporting frame, and the rubber sleeve pressing ring can be connected with the top of the crescent plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of temperature sensors, pressure sensors and resistance sensors capable of being inserted into the sediment sample are disposed in the annular adhesive cover, each of the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors and the resistance sensors is disposed at each of the temperature-pressure resistivity observation points, and each of the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors and the resistance sensors is disposed in a matrix array; each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are electrically connected with the first acquisition control computer; the lower flange is provided with a plurality of sensor interfaces, and each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are respectively connected to each sensor interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a water jacket capable of cooling by circulating cold water is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction kettle cylinder, a jacket water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water jacket, a jacket water outlet is arranged at the top of the outer wall of the water jacket, the jacket water outlet is communicated with the inlet of the cooling water bath pump, and the jacket water inlet is communicated with the outlet of the cooling water bath pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft which are horizontally and coaxially arranged are respectively disposed at two sides of the reaction kettle cylinder, the first rotating shaft is connected with a rotating motor and a speed reducer, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are erected and hinged on a bracket, and the rotating motor and the speed reducer are supported and disposed on the bracket.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional stress loading structure comprises a liquid storage tank, the hoop stress loading device comprises a hoop stress loading pump capable of being communicated with the liquid storage tank, the hoop stress loading pump is capable of being communicated with the hoop pressure liquid injection space, and the hoop stress loading pump is capable of injecting liquid into the hoop pressure liquid injection space so as to apply X-direction stress and Y-direction stress to a sediment sample through a hoop pressure rubber sleeve; the vertical stress loading device comprises a vertical stress loading pump which can be communicated with the liquid storage tank, the vertical stress loading pump is communicated with the vertical hydraulic injection port through a pipeline, and the vertical stress loading pump can inject liquid into the vertical hydraulic injection port so as to apply Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through the vertical piston.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure includes a working fluid storage tank, in which a hydrate generating liquid, a fracturing liquid, a high-temperature liquid or a chemical replacement material liquid can be contained, an outlet of the working fluid storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the fluid injection pump, and the fluid injection pump is a constant-speed constant-pressure pump; the straight shaft interface, the horizontal shaft interface and the liquid inlet interface can be communicated with an outlet of the liquid injection pump through pipelines.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the liquid injection pump is provided with a first branch and a second branch in parallel; the first branch is sequentially provided with an intermediate container, a liquid heater and a heat preservation pipeline, the heat preservation pipeline is provided with a first stop valve, and an outlet of the heat preservation pipeline can be communicated with the vertical well barrel interface, the horizontal well barrel interface and the liquid inlet interface; the second branch is sequentially provided with a liquid pre-cooling coil and a second stop valve, and an outlet of the liquid pre-cooling coil can be communicated with the vertical well barrel interface, the horizontal well barrel interface and the liquid inlet interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure includes a first gas booster pump, an inlet of the first gas booster pump is communicated with the natural gas source, and a natural gas pressure gauge is arranged between the first gas booster pump and the natural gas source; the first gas booster pump is connected with an air compressor, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged between the air compressor and the first gas booster pump; the outlet of the first gas booster pump is communicated with the high-pressure gas storage tank, the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is communicated with the gas flow metering controller, the outlet of the gas flow metering controller is provided with a one-way valve allowing natural gas to flow to the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure, and the outlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the gas inlet interface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the produced gas metering structure is capable of communicating with the vertical wellbore interface and the horizontal wellbore interface via production tubing; the separator structure comprises a solid separator and a gas-liquid separator, the pressure control structure comprises a back pressure valve and a back pressure pump, and the metering structure comprises a solid collector, a liquid meter and a gas mass flowmeter; the inlet of the solid separator is positioned at the top and is communicated with the vertical well barrel interface and the horizontal well barrel interface through a production pipeline, the bottom outlet of the solid separator is provided with the solid collector, the top outlet of the solid separator is communicated with a filter, the inlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the outlet of the filter, one outlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the back pressure pump, the other outlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the top inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator is provided with the liquid meter, the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the gas mass flowmeter, and the gas mass flowmeter is communicated with the gas recovery structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas dryer and an electromagnetic control valve are sequentially connected between the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the gas mass flowmeter; a third stop valve is arranged between the bottom outlet of the solid separator and the solid collector; and a fourth stop valve is arranged between the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the liquid meter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first buffer container is connected in series between an outlet of the back pressure valve and the back pressure pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas recovery structure includes a second buffer container in communication with the gas mass flowmeter, the second buffer container being in communication with a third buffer container through a second gas booster pump, the third buffer container being connected to a gas recovery bottle through a gas recovery line.
Therefore, the three-dimensional experimental system for improving and mining the three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir has the following beneficial effects:
in the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir, the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure has strong holding capacity for sediment samples, and the applicable sediment samples have large size, so that the wall effect in the experiment can be avoided; the reaction kettle cylinder is internally provided with a well pattern simulation structure, the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group, and hydrate fracturing transformation and exploitation simulation experiments under different well patterns and well pattern conditions can be carried out; the three-way stress loading structure can apply three-way stress to the sediment sample to simulate the stress environment of the hydrate reservoir; the gas recovery structure recovers the gas extracted or the residual gas in the equipment after the experiment is finished, so that the safety and the economy of the experiment are improved;
The three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir is used for natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing and exploitation simulation experiments, can realize the simulation of natural gas hydrate generation, fracturing transformation, chemical method and heating method combined hydrate exploitation in sediment samples under the three-dimensional stress loading condition in a laboratory environment, realizes the implementation of resistivity, temperature and pressure parameter tests in the simulation experiment process, realizes the study of the spatial distribution and change of temperature, pressure and saturation fields in the hydrate exploitation process, provides theoretical basis for the exploration of the hydrate reservoir fracturing transformation technology and the optimization of the scheme, optimizes different well-type fracturing transformation technologies, and comprehensively evaluates the transformation effect.
Drawings
The following drawings are only for purposes of illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1: the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir in the three-dimensional loading way is shown in the schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional reaction kettle of the hydrate.
Fig. 3: is a top view of the reaction kettle barrel.
Fig. 4: an enlarged view of the position I in FIG. 2.
Fig. 5: an enlarged view at II in FIG. 2.
In the figure:
100. three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulation of hydrate reservoir yield increase transformation and exploitation;
1. a three-dimensional reaction kettle structure of the hydrate;
11. a reaction kettle cylinder; 111. a crescent plate; 112. a taper sleeve is arranged; 113. a lower taper sleeve; 114. vertical tensile bolts; 115. an O-ring seal; 116. a ring pressure injection interface; 10. a low temperature control chamber;
12. a ring-pressing rubber sleeve; 121. a rubber sleeve supporting frame; 122. a rubber sleeve compression ring;
13. a vertical piston;
14. an upper flange;
15. a vertical piston gland; 151. a vertical hydraulic inlet; 152. an exhaust interface; 153. a liquid discharge interface;
16. a lower flange; 161. a straight wellbore junction; 162. a horizontal wellbore junction; 163. an air inlet interface; 164. a liquid inlet port; 165. an air injection hole; 166. a liquid injection hole; 167. an exhaust hole; 168. a liquid discharge hole;
171. an upper pressurizing base plate; 172. a lower pressing pad; 173. a lower breathable baffle; 174. a lower filter plate; 175. an upper ventilation baffle; 176. a filter plate is arranged;
18. a water jacket; 181. a jacket water inlet; 182. a jacket water outlet; 183. a cooling water bath pump;
191. a first rotation shaft; 192. a second rotation shaft; 193. a rotating electric machine; 194. a speed reducer; 195. a bracket; 196. supporting feet;
2. A three-dimensional stress loading structure;
21. a liquid storage tank; 22. a hoop stress loading pump; 23. a vertical stress loading pump; 24. a circumferential hydraulic pressure sensor; 25. a vertical hydraulic pressure sensor;
3. a working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure;
31. a liquid injection pump; 311. a first branch; 312. a second branch; 32. a working fluid storage tank; 33. an intermediate container; 34. a liquid heater; 341. a heater temperature sensor; 35. a thermal insulation pipeline; 351. a working hydraulic pressure sensor; 361. a first stop valve; 362. a second shut-off valve; 37. a liquid pre-cooling coil; 38. a liquid discharge branch; 39. an exhaust branch; 391. a vacuum pump; 392. a vacuum gauge;
4. a natural gas supply structure;
40. a natural gas source; 41. a first gas booster pump; 42. a natural gas pressure gauge; 43. an air compressor; 44. a pressure reducing valve; 45. a high pressure gas storage tank; 46. a gas flow metering controller; 47. a one-way valve;
5. a temperature and pressure resistivity monitoring structure;
51. a temperature-pressure resistivity observation point; 52. a first acquisition control computer;
6. a produced water gas metering structure;
61. a production line; 621. a solids separator; 622. a gas-liquid separator; 631. a back pressure valve; 632. a return pressure pump; 633. a first buffer container; 641. a solids collector; 642. a liquid meter; 643. a gas mass flow meter; 65. a filter; 66. a gas dryer; 671. an electromagnetic control valve; 672. a third stop valve; 673. a fourth shut-off valve;
7. A gas recovery structure;
71. a gas recovery bottle; 72. a second buffer container; 73. a second gas booster pump; 74. a third buffer container; 75. a gas recovery line;
8. a data acquisition and control module; 81. a second acquisition control computer;
91. a vertical well bore; 92. a horizontal well bore.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiments of the invention described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Given the teachings of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the related art will contemplate any possible modification based on the present invention, and such should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, may be in communication with each other in two elements, may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a three-dimensional experimental system 100 for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and recovery, comprising,
the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1 is used for generating hydrate, is arranged in the low-temperature control chamber 10, comprises a reaction kettle barrel 11 for accommodating and fixing sediment samples, and is internally provided with a well pattern simulation structure which can be inserted into the sediment samples, wherein the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group, and can be used for carrying out hydrate fracturing transformation and exploitation simulation experiments under different well patterns and well pattern conditions; the reaction kettle cylinder 11 has stronger accommodation to sediment samples, the size of the sediment samples in the reaction kettle cylinder can reach 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, the working pressure is 20MPa, and the lowest working temperature is 0 ℃. The applicable sediment sample has large size, and can avoid wall effect in experiments.
The three-dimensional stress loading structure 2 is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1 through a pipeline and is used for applying three-dimensional stress to a sediment sample so as to simulate the stress environment of a hydrate reservoir; the device comprises a vertical stress loading device and a circumferential stress loading device;
the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure 3 is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1 through a pipeline and is used for injecting the working fluid into the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1 to perform fracturing transformation simulation, heat injection or chemical replacement exploitation simulation; comprising a priming pump 31;
the natural gas supply structure 4 is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1 through a pipeline and is used for injecting natural gas into the reaction kettle cylinder 11 and metering the injected natural gas, and comprises a natural gas source 40, a gas injection structure and a gas flow metering controller;
the temperature-pressure resistivity monitoring structure 5 is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the temperature, pressure and resistivity in the reaction kettle cylinder and comprises a first collecting control computer and a plurality of temperature-pressure resistivity observation points;
the produced water gas metering structure 6 is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure through a pipeline, is used for controlling the outlet pressure of the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, and is used for metering produced gas, liquid and solid; comprises a pressure control structure, a separator structure and a metering structure;
The data acquisition and control module 8 comprises a second acquisition control computer 81, and the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1, the three-dimensional stress loading structure 2, the working solution supply and fracturing simulation structure 3, the natural gas supply structure 4 and the produced water gas metering structure 6 are all electrically connected with the second acquisition control computer.
In the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir, the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure has strong holding capacity for sediment samples, and the applicable sediment samples have large size, so that the wall effect in the experiment can be avoided; the reaction kettle cylinder is internally provided with a well pattern simulation structure, the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group, and hydrate fracturing transformation and exploitation simulation experiments under different well patterns and well pattern conditions can be carried out; the three-way stress loading structure can apply three-way stress to the sediment sample to simulate the stress environment of the hydrate reservoir;
the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir is used for natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing and exploitation simulation experiments, can realize the simulation of natural gas hydrate generation, fracturing transformation, chemical method and heating method combined hydrate exploitation in sediment samples under the three-dimensional stress loading condition in a laboratory environment, realizes the implementation of resistivity, temperature and pressure parameter tests in the simulation experiment process, realizes the study of the spatial distribution and change of temperature, pressure and saturation fields in the hydrate exploitation process, provides theoretical basis for the exploration of the hydrate reservoir fracturing transformation technology and the optimization of the scheme, optimizes different well-type fracturing transformation technologies, and comprehensively evaluates the transformation effect.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional experimental system 100 for simulating the stimulation reconstruction and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir in a three-dimensional loading manner further comprises a gas recovery structure 7 which is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1 through a pipeline and used for recovering and recycling the exploited gas, and comprises a gas recovery bottle 71 which is communicated with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1. The gas recovery structure 7 recovers the gas extracted or the residual gas in the equipment after the experiment is finished, so that the safety and the economy of the experiment are improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, two directions perpendicular to each other on the cross section of the reaction kettle cylinder are set as an X direction and a Y direction, and the axial direction of the reaction kettle cylinder is set as a Z direction; a square inner cavity is arranged in the reaction kettle cylinder 11, a ring-pressing rubber sleeve 12 capable of circumferentially coating sediment samples is arranged in the square inner cavity, a ring-pressing liquid injection space is formed between the inner wall of the square inner cavity and the outer wall of the ring-pressing rubber sleeve, and the ring-pressing rubber sleeve 12 can isolate liquid and sediment samples in the ring-pressing liquid injection space; the circumferential stress loading device applies X-direction stress and Y-direction stress to the sediment sample through the circumferential glue pressing sleeve 12; the top of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 is provided with a vertical piston 13 in a sealing sliding manner, and the vertical stress loading device applies Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through the vertical piston 13; the three-dimensional stress loading structure 2 is used for completing the spatial three-dimensional (X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction) stress loading of the sediment sample through the annular rubber sleeve 12 and the vertical piston 13; a well pattern simulation structure is arranged in the annular pressure rubber sleeve 12.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, an upper flange 14 is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 in a sealing manner, a pressurizing through hole is arranged on the upper flange 14 in an axial penetrating manner, a vertical piston 13 is arranged in the pressurizing through hole in a sealing sliding manner, and the bottom surface of the vertical piston 13 can be propped against the top surface of the sediment sample; the upper flange 14 is provided with a vertical piston gland 15 capable of sealing the pressurizing through hole, the vertical piston gland 15 is provided with a vertical hydraulic injection port 151, and the vertical stress loading device is communicated with the vertical hydraulic injection port 151 to inject liquid to push the vertical piston 13 to slide; an exhaust port 152 and a drain port 153 are also provided on the vertical piston gland 15.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the well pattern simulation structure includes a vertical well simulation well group including a plurality of vertical well bores 91 and a horizontal well simulation well group including a plurality of horizontal well bores 92; in one embodiment of the invention, the horizontal well simulation well group is composed of upper, middle and lower three layers, 3 horizontal well shafts 92 in each layer, and 13 vertical well shafts 91 are arranged, so that a large nine-point well pattern and a small five-point well pattern can be simulated; the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 is provided with a lower flange 16 in a sealing way, a plurality of vertical well cylinder interfaces 161 and horizontal well cylinder interfaces 162 which are arranged in an array are reserved on the lower flange 16, each vertical well cylinder 91 is respectively communicated with each vertical well cylinder interface 161, and each horizontal well cylinder 92 is respectively communicated with each horizontal well cylinder interface 162; an air inlet 163 and a liquid inlet 164 are provided on the lower flange 16.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a piston groove is formed on the vertical piston 13 from top to bottom, an upper pressurizing base plate 171 is sleeved in the piston groove, and the top of the upper pressurizing base plate 171 is fixedly connected with the vertical piston gland 15; the bottom of the ring-shaped rubber sleeve 12 is provided with a lower pressurizing pad 172, and the bottom surface of the lower pressurizing pad 172 is propped against the bottom surface of the sediment sample.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1 is an outer-round inner-square structure, the cross section of the reaction kettle barrel 11 is circular, the reaction kettle barrel 11 is detachably provided with a plurality of crescent plates 111, one side wall of each crescent plate 111 is a circular arc wall, the other side wall is a plane wall, and the plane wall of each crescent plate 111 can be enclosed to form a square inner cavity; an upper taper sleeve 112 is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 below the upper flange 14, an upper taper center hole is arranged on the upper taper sleeve 112 in a penetrating way, the upper taper center hole is communicated with the pressurizing through hole, and the vertical piston 13 can pass through the upper taper center hole in a sealing way; a lower taper sleeve 113 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 between the lower pressurizing base plate 172 and the lower flange 16.
The vertical piston gland 15 is fastened with the upper flange 14 through bolts, the upper flange 14 and the lower flange 16 are fastened with the reaction kettle cylinder 11 through vertical tensile bolts 114, and the inner cavity of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 is sealed through an upper taper sleeve 112, a lower taper sleeve 113 and an O-shaped sealing ring 115 to form a circular sealed experiment cavity. A crescent 111 is arranged in the circular sealed experiment cavity to convert the circular sealed experiment cavity into a square inner cavity.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure 4 can be connected with the gas inlet interface 163 through a pipeline, and the liquid injection pump of the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure can be connected with the liquid inlet interface 164 through a pipeline; the lower pressurizing pad 172 and the lower taper sleeve 113 are provided with an air injection hole 165 which can be communicated with the air inlet port 163, a lower ventilation baffle 173 is arranged in the air injection hole 165, and natural gas (gas generating hydrate) injected by the air injection structure enters the square inner cavity through the air inlet port 163, the lower ventilation baffle 173 and the air injection hole 165; the lower pressurizing pad 172 and the lower taper sleeve 113 are provided with a liquid injection hole 166 which can be communicated with the liquid inlet port 164, a lower filter plate 174 is arranged in the liquid injection hole 166, and working liquid (liquid for generating hydrate) injected by the liquid injection pump 31 enters the square inner cavity through the liquid inlet port 164, the lower filter plate 174 and the liquid injection hole 166;
the vertical piston 13 and the upper taper sleeve 112 are provided with an exhaust hole 167 which can be communicated with the exhaust port 152, an upper ventilation baffle 175 is arranged in the exhaust hole 167, and gas (redundant gas in experiments) in the square inner cavity can be exhausted through the exhaust hole 167, the upper ventilation baffle 175 and the exhaust port 152; the vertical piston 13 and the upper taper sleeve 112 are provided with a drain hole 168 which can be communicated with the drain port 153, the drain hole 168 is internally provided with an upper filter plate 176, and liquid in the square inner cavity can be drained through the drain hole 168, the upper filter plate 176 and the drain port 153.
The lower breathable baffle 173 and the upper breathable baffle 175 are breathable and waterproof baffles, and can realize multi-point injection of natural gas (methane gas) into a square inner cavity.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the material of the ring-pressing rubber sleeve 12 is nitrile rubber, the ring-pressing rubber sleeve 12 has elasticity, and the size application range of the sediment sample coated inside is large; the outside of the ring-pressing rubber sleeve 12 is provided with a rubber sleeve supporting frame 121 which can support the ring-pressing rubber sleeve, the top of the rubber sleeve supporting frame 121 is provided with a rubber sleeve pressing ring 122, and the rubber sleeve pressing ring 122 can be connected with the top of the crescent 111.
Further, a plurality of temperature sensors, pressure sensors and resistance sensors which can be inserted into sediment samples are arranged in the annular rubber sleeve 12, the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors and the resistance sensors are respectively arranged at the temperature-pressure resistivity observation points, and the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors and the resistance sensors are arranged in a matrix array; each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are electrically connected with the first acquisition control computer; the lower flange is provided with a plurality of sensor interfaces, and each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are respectively connected to each sensor interface. In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensors and the resistance sensors are distributed in a 10×10 matrix of upper, middle and lower three layers, and the pressure sensors are distributed in a 3×3 matrix. The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the resistance sensor are arranged in the reaction kettle cylinder 11 in a layered manner in a matrix grid form, so that the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity change in the hydrate generation and exploitation process are monitored, and the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate are monitored in real time.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in order to improve the refrigerating effect of the three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1, the three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1 is precisely temperature-controlled, a water jacket 18 capable of cooling by circulating cold water is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction kettle cylinder 11, a jacket water inlet 181 is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water jacket 18, a jacket water outlet 182 is arranged at the top of the outer wall of the water jacket 18, the jacket water outlet 182 is communicated with the inlet of the cooling water bath pump 183, and the jacket water inlet 181 is communicated with the outlet of the cooling water bath pump 183.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in order to increase the operation flexibility of the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1, two sides of the reaction kettle cylinder 11 are respectively provided with a first rotating shaft 191 and a second rotating shaft 192 which are horizontally and coaxially connected with a rotating motor 193 and a speed reducer 194, the first rotating shaft 191 and the second rotating shaft 192 are erected and hinged on a bracket 195, and the rotating motor 193 and the speed reducer 194 are supported and arranged on the bracket 195. The rotation of the reactor cylinder 11 is controlled by a rotary motor 193 and a decelerator 194, and in this embodiment, the rotation angle of the reactor cylinder 11 may be up to 180 °, and the bracket 195 contacts the ground through an adjustable support leg 196.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional stress loading structure 2 comprises a liquid storage tank 21, the hoop stress loading device comprises a hoop stress loading pump 22 which can be communicated with the liquid storage tank 21, the liquid storage tank 21 provides pressurizing liquid for the hoop stress loading pump 22, the hoop stress loading pump 22 can be communicated with an annular pressure liquid injection space (between the inner wall of the square inner cavity and the outer wall of the annular pressure rubber sleeve), and the hoop stress loading pump 22 can inject liquid into the annular pressure liquid injection space so as to apply X-direction stress and Y-direction stress to a sediment sample through the annular pressure rubber sleeve 12; the reaction kettle cylinder 11 is provided with an annular pressure injection interface 116 communicated with the annular pressure liquid injection space, and the hoop stress loading pump 22 is communicated with the annular pressure injection interface 116 through a pipeline. The vertical stress loading device comprises a vertical stress loading pump 23 which can be communicated with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank 21 provides pressurizing liquid for the vertical stress loading pump 23, the vertical stress loading pump 23 is communicated with a vertical hydraulic injection port 151 through a pipeline, and the vertical stress loading pump 23 can inject liquid into the vertical hydraulic injection port 151 so as to apply Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through a vertical piston 13. A circumferential hydraulic pressure sensor 24 is arranged between the circumferential stress loading pump 22 and the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1, and a vertical hydraulic pressure sensor 25 is arranged between the vertical stress loading pump 23 and the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1; the annular stress loading pump 22, the vertical stress loading pump 23, the annular hydraulic pressure sensor 24 and the vertical hydraulic pressure sensor 25 are electrically connected with the data acquisition and control module. The annular stress loading pump 22 and the vertical stress loading pump 23 are large-displacement fluid infusion pumps, and the large-displacement fluid infusion pumps are used for rapidly infusing fluid into the pipeline before applying vertical stress (Z-direction stress) and annular stress (X-direction stress and Y-direction stress), so that the working efficiency is improved. The Z-direction stress applied to the sediment sample by the vertical stress loading pump 23 can reach 20MPa, and the X-direction stress and Y-direction stress applied to the sediment sample by the circumferential stress loading pump 22 can reach 20MPa.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure 3 includes a working fluid storage tank 32, wherein a hydrate generating liquid, a fracturing liquid, a high-temperature liquid or a chemical replacement material liquid can be contained in the working fluid storage tank 32, an outlet of the working fluid storage tank 32 is communicated with an inlet of a liquid injection pump 31, the liquid injection pump 31 is a constant-speed constant-pressure pump with large displacement and high pressure, and the constant-speed constant-pressure pump can continuously inject liquid and measure liquid volume; the straight wellbore junction 161, the horizontal wellbore junction 162, and the fluid intake junction 164 can be in communication with an outlet of the infusion pump 31 via tubing.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the outlet of the liquid injection pump 31 is provided with a first branch 311 and a second branch 312 in parallel; the first branch 311 is sequentially provided with the intermediate container 33, the liquid heater 34 and the heat preservation pipeline 35, the heat preservation pipeline 35 is provided with the first stop valve 361, and the outlet of the heat preservation pipeline 35 can be communicated with the vertical well bore interface 161, the horizontal well bore interface 162 and the liquid inlet interface 164; when chemical reagents are required for the experiment, an intermediate container 33 is used for buffering to protect the infusion pump 31.
The second branch 312 is sequentially provided with a liquid pre-cooling coil 37 and a second stop valve 362, and an outlet of the liquid pre-cooling coil 37 can be communicated with the vertical well bore interface 161, the horizontal well bore interface 162 and the liquid inlet interface 164.
As shown in fig. 1, the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure 3 further comprises a liquid discharge branch 38 and an exhaust branch 39, wherein one end of the liquid discharge branch 38 is communicated with a liquid discharge interface 153, and the other end of the liquid discharge branch 38 is communicated with a recovery container; one end of the exhaust branch 39 is communicated with the exhaust interface 152, the other end of the exhaust branch 39 is connected with the vacuum pump 391, and before natural gas injection experiments, the vacuum pump 391 is started to vacuumize the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1. A vacuum gauge 392 is connected to the vacuum pump 391. The infusion pump 31, the liquid heater 34, the vacuum pump 391 and the vacuum gauge 392 are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and control module.
The injection pump 31 can be directly connected with the well pattern simulation structure (simulation well bore) (second branch 312) through the liquid pre-cooling coil 37 (high-pressure pipeline with the pre-cooling coil), so as to realize pre-cooling high-pressure liquid injection to develop a fracturing simulation experiment; the liquid pre-cooling coil 37 is used for pre-cooling the liquid for generating the hydrate, so that the cooling time of sediment samples in the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1 is reduced.
The injection pump 31 may be connected to a well pattern simulation structure (simulation well bore) through an intermediate container 33, a liquid heater 34 and a thermal insulation pipeline 35 (a first branch 311), when an injection and production experiment is performed, the liquid heater 34 is adjusted to a temperature required for the experiment, the working liquid is heated to a required temperature by the liquid heater 34, and enters the reaction kettle cylinder 11 through the thermal insulation pipeline 35.
The liquid heater 34 heats the liquid to develop a high temperature liquid fracturing simulation experiment or a chemical liquid injection fracturing simulation experiment; a heater temperature sensor 341 is connected to the liquid heater 34 to monitor the heating temperature in real time. The working fluid pressure sensor 351 is arranged on the pipeline near the reaction kettle cylinder 11, and the temperature and the pressure in the injection process are measured in real time by the heater temperature sensor 341 and the working fluid pressure sensor 351. The working pressure of the injection pump 31 (constant speed and constant pressure pump) and the pipeline is not lower than 30MPa, and the liquid heater 34 can heat the liquid to 200 ℃ so as to meet the requirements of the fracture simulation or the combined experiments of fracture and heat injection and fracture and chemical injection. The heater temperature sensor 341 and the working fluid pressure sensor 351 are electrically connected with the data acquisition and control module.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure 4 includes a first gas booster pump 41, an inlet of the first gas booster pump 41 is communicated with a natural gas source 40, and a natural gas pressure gauge 42 is arranged between the first gas booster pump 41 and the natural gas source 40; the first gas booster pump 41 is connected with an air compressor 43, and a pressure reducing valve 44 is arranged between the air compressor 43 and the first gas booster pump 41; the outlet of the first gas booster pump 41 is communicated with the high-pressure gas storage tank 45, the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 45 is communicated with the gas flow metering controller 46, the outlet of the gas flow metering controller 46 is provided with a one-way valve 47 which allows natural gas to flow to the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, and the outlet of the one-way valve 47 is communicated with the gas inlet interface 163. The first gas booster pump 41, the natural gas pressure gauge 42, the air compressor 43 and the gas flow metering controller 46 are all electrically connected with the data acquisition and control module.
Further, the temperature-pressure resistivity monitoring structure has the function of monitoring the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity in the hydrate generation, reservoir fracturing transformation and production processes in real time, and reflecting the hydrate generation and decomposition conditions. The temperature-pressure resistivity monitoring structure 5 comprises a plurality of temperature-pressure resistivity observation points 51 in the reaction kettle cylinder 11, wherein temperature sensors, pressure sensors and resistance sensors are arranged at the temperature-pressure resistivity observation points, and are arranged in a matrix array; each of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the resistance sensor is electrically connected with the first acquisition control computer 52. The temperature sensor and the resistance sensor are distributed in a 10×10 matrix of upper, middle and lower layers, and the pressure sensor is distributed in a 3×3 matrix of upper, middle and lower layers. The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the resistance sensor are arranged in the reaction kettle cylinder 11 in a layered manner in a matrix grid form, so that the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity change in the hydrate generation and exploitation process are monitored, and the formation and the decomposition of the hydrate are monitored in real time.
The first acquisition control computer 52 is provided with monitoring software, which has the functions of monitoring data acquisition, data processing and data storage. The monitoring software collects and processes temperature, pressure and resistivity parameters collected by temperature, pressure and resistivity sensors in the reaction kettle cylinder 11, analyzes the time-dependent changes of the temperature, pressure and resistivity in the hydrate generation and exploitation process, and forms temperature, pressure and resistivity field cloud pictures at different moments after processing, thereby providing basis for judging the formation and decomposition of the hydrate; the data storage function can store the collected original data and the processing result.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the produced gas metering structure 6 can communicate with a vertical wellbore interface 161 and a horizontal wellbore interface 162 via production lines 61; the separator structure includes a solid separator 621 and a gas-liquid separator 622, the pressure control structure includes a back pressure valve 631 and a back pressure pump 632, and the metering structure includes a solid collector 641, a liquid meter 642, and a gas mass flow meter 643; the inlet of the solid separator 621 is positioned at the top and is communicated with the vertical well tube interface 161 and the horizontal well tube interface 162 through the production pipeline 61, the bottom outlet of the solid separator 621 is provided with a solid collector 641, the top outlet of the solid separator 621 is communicated with a filter 65, the inlet of the back pressure valve 631 is communicated with the outlet of the filter 65, one outlet of the back pressure valve 631 is communicated with the back pressure pump 632, the other outlet of the back pressure valve 631 is communicated with the top inlet of the gas-liquid separator 622, the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator 622 is provided with a liquid meter 642, the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator 622 is communicated with a gas mass flowmeter 643, and the gas mass flowmeter 643 is communicated with the gas recovery structure 7.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a gas dryer 66 and an electromagnetic control valve 671 are connected in sequence between the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator 622 and the gas mass flowmeter 643; a third shut-off valve 672 is provided between the bottom outlet of the solids separator 621 and the solids collector 641; a fourth shut-off valve 673 is provided between the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator 622 and the liquid meter 642.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a first buffer container 633 is connected in series between an outlet of the back pressure valve 631 and the back pressure pump 632.
The produced water gas metering structure 6 is used for controlling the outlet pressure of the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1 and metering the produced gas, liquid and solid. The back pressure valve 631 and the back pressure pump 632 are used for controlling the outlet pressure of the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure 1; the solids are separated by the solids separator 621 and then collected by the solids collector 641, the gas and the liquid pass through the solids separator 621 and then enter the gas-liquid separator 622 through the filter 65, the gas-liquid separator 622 performs gas-liquid separation, the separated liquid is collected and metered by the liquid meter 642, the separated gas passes through the gas dryer 66 and the gas mass flowmeter 643 and then enters the gas recovery structure 7, and the gas mass flowmeter 643 meters the gas. The solids in solids collector 641 may be metered by a balance; the metered liquid may be collected by a measuring cylinder as liquid meter 642; the gas mass flow meter 643 meters gas and meters natural gas production data for use in evaluating natural gas production.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the gas recovery structure 7 dries the extracted natural gas and injects the natural gas into a gas recovery bottle 71 (high-pressure gas bottle) to recover the gas. The gas recovery structure 7 includes a second buffer container 72 in communication with a gas mass flow meter 643, the second buffer container 72 being in communication with a third buffer container 74 through a second gas booster pump 73, the third buffer container 74 being connected to the gas recovery bottle 71 through a gas recovery line 75. A gas pressure sensor is also provided on the line of the gas recovery structure 7 for monitoring the gas pressure in the line and the gas recovery bottle 71.
The produced natural gas enters the second buffer container 72 through the gas mass flow meter 643, is pressurized by the second gas booster pump 73, and is injected back into the gas recovery bottle 71 through the third buffer container 74 and the gas recovery line 75. The gas recovery structure 7 is used for recovering and recycling produced gas, and reduces economic cost and gas discharge risk.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the data acquisition and control module includes a second acquisition control computer 81 and a data acquisition box, and the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure 1, the three-dimensional stress loading structure 2, the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure 3, the natural gas supply structure 4 and the produced water gas metering structure 6 are all electrically connected with the second acquisition control computer 81.
The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the resistance sensor at the temperature-pressure resistivity observation points 51 in the reaction kettle cylinder 11 are all electrically connected with the first acquisition control computer 52, in addition, other data acquisition structures are all electrically connected with a data acquisition and control module, and the data acquisition and control module can set and automatically control the loading process (loading mode) through software. Acquisition control software is provided in the second acquisition control computer 81, and has functions of load path setting, data acquisition, data processing and data storage. The data acquisition and control module acquires, controls and stores the pressure, temperature and flow in the processes of liquid injection, gas injection, stress loading, gas extraction metering and gas recovery, and ensures that the whole system is carried out according to a set experimental path. Acquisition control software in the second acquisition control computer 81 can display the plan layout and workflow of each module.
Therefore, the three-dimensional experimental system for improving and mining the three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir has the following beneficial effects:
in the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir, the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure has strong holding capacity for sediment samples, and the applicable sediment samples have large size, so that the wall effect in the experiment can be avoided; the reaction kettle cylinder is internally provided with a well pattern simulation structure, the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group, and hydrate fracturing transformation and exploitation simulation experiments under different well patterns and well pattern conditions can be carried out; the three-way stress loading structure can apply three-way stress to the sediment sample to simulate the stress environment of the hydrate reservoir; the gas recovery structure recovers the gas extracted or the residual gas in the equipment after the experiment is finished, so that the safety and the economy of the experiment are improved;
the three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of the hydrate reservoir is used for natural gas hydrate reservoir fracturing and exploitation simulation experiments, can realize the simulation of natural gas hydrate generation, fracturing transformation, chemical method and heating method combined hydrate exploitation in sediment samples under the three-dimensional stress loading condition in a laboratory environment, realizes the implementation of resistivity, temperature and pressure parameter tests in the simulation experiment process, realizes the study of the spatial distribution and change of temperature, pressure and saturation fields in the hydrate exploitation process, provides theoretical basis for the exploration of the hydrate reservoir fracturing transformation technology and the optimization of the scheme, optimizes different well-type fracturing transformation technologies, and comprehensively evaluates the transformation effect.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of this invention, and are intended to be within the scope of this invention.

Claims (20)

1. A three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the yield increase transformation and exploitation of a hydrate reservoir is characterized by comprising,
the three-dimensional reaction kettle structure of the hydrate is used for generating the hydrate and comprises a reaction kettle barrel for accommodating and fixing a sediment sample, wherein a well pattern simulation structure capable of being inserted into the sediment sample is arranged in the reaction kettle barrel, and the well pattern simulation structure comprises a vertical well simulation well group and a horizontal well simulation well group;
the three-dimensional stress loading structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for applying three-dimensional stress to the sediment sample so as to simulate the stress environment of the hydrate reservoir; the device comprises a vertical stress loading device and a circumferential stress loading device;
the working solution supply and fracturing simulation structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for injecting the working solution into the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure to perform fracturing transformation simulation, heat injection or chemical replacement exploitation simulation; comprises a liquid injection pump;
The natural gas supply structure is connected with the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure through a pipeline and is used for injecting natural gas into the reaction kettle cylinder body and metering the injected natural gas, and the natural gas supply structure comprises a natural gas source, a gas injection structure and a gas flow metering controller;
the temperature-pressure resistivity monitoring structure is used for collecting, processing and analyzing the temperature, pressure and resistivity in the reaction kettle cylinder and comprises a first collecting control computer and a plurality of temperature-pressure resistivity observation points;
the produced water gas metering structure is connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure through a pipeline, is used for controlling the outlet pressure of the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, and is used for metering produced gas, liquid and solid; comprises a pressure control structure, a separator structure and a metering structure;
the data acquisition and control module comprises a second acquisition control computer, and the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure, the three-dimensional stress loading structure, the working solution supply and fracturing simulation structure, the natural gas supply structure and the produced water gas metering structure are all electrically connected with the second acquisition control computer.
2. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 1, further comprising a gas recovery structure connected with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure through a pipeline for recovering and recycling the extracted gas, wherein the gas recovery structure comprises a gas recovery bottle communicated with the hydrate three-dimensional reaction kettle structure.
3. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir production improvement and exploitation according to claim 2, wherein two directions perpendicular to each other on the cross section of the reaction kettle cylinder are set as an X direction and a Y direction, and the axial direction of the reaction kettle cylinder is set as a Z direction; a square inner cavity is arranged in the reaction kettle cylinder body, a ring-shaped rubber sleeve capable of circumferentially coating sediment samples is arranged in the square inner cavity, a ring-shaped liquid injection space is formed between the inner wall of the square inner cavity and the outer wall of the ring-shaped rubber sleeve, and the ring-shaped rubber sleeve can isolate liquid and sediment samples in the ring-shaped liquid injection space; the annular stress loading device applies X-direction stress and Y-direction stress to the sediment sample through the annular glue pressing sleeve; the top of the reaction kettle cylinder body is provided with a vertical piston in a sealing sliding manner, and the vertical stress loading device applies Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through the vertical piston; the well pattern simulation structure is arranged in the annular pressure rubber sleeve.
4. The three-dimensional experimental system for simulating the stimulation reconstruction and exploitation of a hydrate reservoir with three-dimensional loading according to claim 3, wherein an upper flange is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder in a sealing way, a pressurizing through hole is arranged on the upper flange in an axial penetrating way, the vertical piston is arranged in the pressurizing through hole in a sealing sliding way, and the bottom surface of the vertical piston can be propped against the top surface of a sediment sample; the upper flange is provided with a vertical piston gland capable of sealing the pressurizing through hole, the vertical piston gland is provided with a vertical hydraulic injection port, and the vertical stress loading device is communicated with the vertical hydraulic injection port to inject liquid to push the vertical piston to slide; and the vertical piston pressing cover is also provided with an exhaust interface and a liquid discharge interface.
5. The three-dimensional, loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation and production three-dimensional experimentation system of claim 4, wherein the vertical well simulation well group comprises a plurality of vertical well bores and the horizontal well simulation well group comprises a plurality of horizontal well bores; a lower flange is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder body in a sealing manner, a plurality of straight shaft interfaces and horizontal shaft interfaces which are arranged in an array are reserved on the lower flange, each straight shaft is respectively communicated with each straight shaft interface, and each horizontal shaft is respectively communicated with each horizontal shaft interface; and the lower flange is provided with an air inlet interface and a liquid inlet interface.
6. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir production increase reconstruction and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein a piston groove is formed in the vertical piston from top to bottom, an upper pressurizing base plate is sleeved in the piston groove, and the top of the upper pressurizing base plate is fixedly connected with the vertical piston gland; the bottom of the annular rubber pressing sleeve is provided with a lower pressing base plate, and the bottom surface of the lower pressing base plate props against the bottom surface of the sediment sample.
7. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir yield improvement and exploitation according to claim 6, wherein the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure is an outer-round inner square structure, the cross section of the reaction kettle barrel is circular, a plurality of crescent plates are detachably arranged in the reaction kettle barrel, one side wall of each crescent plate is an arc wall, the other side wall of each crescent plate is a plane wall, and the plane wall of each crescent plate can be enclosed to form the square inner cavity; an upper taper sleeve is arranged on the top of the reaction kettle cylinder body below the upper flange, an upper taper center hole is arranged on the upper taper sleeve in a penetrating manner, the upper taper center hole is communicated with the pressurizing through hole, and the vertical piston can pass through the upper taper center hole in a sealing manner; the bottom of the reaction kettle cylinder is positioned between the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower flange, and a lower taper sleeve is arranged between the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower flange.
8. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 7, wherein the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure can be connected with the gas inlet interface through a pipeline, and the liquid injection pump of the working liquid supply and fracturing simulation structure can be connected with the liquid inlet interface through a pipeline; the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower taper sleeve are provided with gas injection holes which can be communicated with the gas inlet interface, a lower ventilation baffle plate is arranged in the gas injection holes, and natural gas injected by the gas injection structure enters the square inner cavity through the gas inlet interface, the lower ventilation baffle plate and the gas injection holes; the lower pressurizing base plate and the lower taper sleeve are provided with liquid injection holes which can be communicated with the liquid inlet ports, a lower filter plate is arranged in each liquid injection hole, and working liquid injected by the liquid injection pump enters the square inner cavity through the liquid inlet ports, the lower filter plate and the liquid injection holes;
the vertical piston and the upper taper sleeve are provided with exhaust holes which can be communicated with the exhaust interface, an upper ventilation baffle plate is arranged in each exhaust hole, and gas in the square inner cavity can be exhausted through the exhaust holes, the upper ventilation baffle plate and the exhaust interface; the vertical piston and the upper taper sleeve are provided with a liquid discharge hole which can be communicated with the liquid discharge interface, the liquid discharge hole is internally provided with an upper filter plate, and liquid in the square inner cavity can be discharged through the liquid discharge hole, the upper filter plate and the liquid discharge interface.
9. The three-dimensional experimental system for simulating hydrate reservoir stimulation and production according to claim 8, wherein a rubber sleeve supporting frame capable of supporting the annular rubber sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the annular rubber sleeve, a rubber sleeve compression ring is arranged at the top of the rubber sleeve supporting frame, and the rubber sleeve compression ring can be connected with the top of the crescent plate.
10. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors, pressure sensors and resistance sensors which can be inserted into sediment samples are arranged in the annular pressure rubber sleeve, each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor is respectively arranged at each temperature-pressure resistivity observation point, and each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are arranged in a matrix array; each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are electrically connected with the first acquisition control computer; the lower flange is provided with a plurality of sensor interfaces, and each temperature sensor, each pressure sensor and each resistance sensor are respectively connected to each sensor interface.
11. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein a water jacket capable of cooling by circulating cold water is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction kettle cylinder, a jacket water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water jacket, a jacket water outlet is arranged at the top of the outer wall of the water jacket, the jacket water outlet is communicated with the inlet of a cooling water bath pump, and the jacket water inlet is communicated with the outlet of the cooling water bath pump.
12. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft which are horizontally and coaxially arranged are respectively arranged on two sides of the reaction kettle cylinder, a rotating motor and a speed reducer are connected to the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are erected and hinged to a support, and the rotating motor and the speed reducer are supported and arranged on the support.
13. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and recovery of claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional stress loading structure comprises a liquid storage tank, the hoop stress loading device comprises a hoop stress loading pump capable of communicating with the liquid storage tank, the hoop stress loading pump capable of communicating with the hoop stress fluid injection space, the hoop stress loading pump capable of injecting a liquid into the hoop stress fluid injection space to apply X-directional stress and Y-directional stress to a sediment sample through a hoop stress gum cover; the vertical stress loading device comprises a vertical stress loading pump which can be communicated with the liquid storage tank, the vertical stress loading pump is communicated with the vertical hydraulic injection port through a pipeline, and the vertical stress loading pump can inject liquid into the vertical hydraulic injection port so as to apply Z-direction stress to a sediment sample through the vertical piston.
14. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein the working fluid supply and fracturing simulation structure comprises a working fluid storage tank, wherein the working fluid storage tank can contain hydrate generation liquid, fracturing liquid, high-temperature liquid or chemical replacement material liquid, an outlet of the working fluid storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the liquid injection pump, and the liquid injection pump is a constant-speed constant-pressure pump; the straight shaft interface, the horizontal shaft interface and the liquid inlet interface can be communicated with an outlet of the liquid injection pump through pipelines.
15. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 14, wherein the outlet of the liquid injection pump is provided with a first branch and a second branch in parallel; the first branch is sequentially provided with an intermediate container, a liquid heater and a heat preservation pipeline, the heat preservation pipeline is provided with a first stop valve, and an outlet of the heat preservation pipeline can be communicated with the vertical well barrel interface, the horizontal well barrel interface and the liquid inlet interface; the second branch is sequentially provided with a liquid pre-cooling coil and a second stop valve, and an outlet of the liquid pre-cooling coil can be communicated with the vertical well barrel interface, the horizontal well barrel interface and the liquid inlet interface.
16. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 5, wherein the gas injection structure of the natural gas supply structure comprises a first gas booster pump, an inlet of the first gas booster pump is communicated with the natural gas source, and a natural gas pressure gauge is arranged between the first gas booster pump and the natural gas source; the first gas booster pump is connected with an air compressor, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged between the air compressor and the first gas booster pump; the outlet of the first gas booster pump is communicated with the high-pressure gas storage tank, the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is communicated with the gas flow metering controller, the outlet of the gas flow metering controller is provided with a one-way valve allowing natural gas to flow to the three-dimensional hydrate reaction kettle structure, and the outlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the gas inlet interface.
17. The three-dimensional, loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation and production three-dimensional experiment system of claim 5, wherein the produced water gas metering structure is communicable with the vertical wellbore interface and the horizontal wellbore interface via production tubing; the separator structure comprises a solid separator and a gas-liquid separator, the pressure control structure comprises a back pressure valve and a back pressure pump, and the metering structure comprises a solid collector, a liquid meter and a gas mass flowmeter; the inlet of the solid separator is positioned at the top and is communicated with the vertical well barrel interface and the horizontal well barrel interface through a production pipeline, the bottom outlet of the solid separator is provided with the solid collector, the top outlet of the solid separator is communicated with a filter, the inlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the outlet of the filter, one outlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the back pressure pump, the other outlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the top inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator is provided with the liquid meter, the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the gas mass flowmeter, and the gas mass flowmeter is communicated with the gas recovery structure.
18. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and exploitation according to claim 17, wherein a gas dryer and an electromagnetic control valve are sequentially connected between the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the gas mass flowmeter; a third stop valve is arranged between the bottom outlet of the solid separator and the solid collector; and a fourth stop valve is arranged between the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the liquid meter.
19. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-way loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and recovery of claim 17, wherein a first buffer vessel is connected in series between an outlet on the back pressure valve and the back pressure pump.
20. The three-dimensional experimental system for three-dimensional loading simulated hydrate reservoir stimulation modification and recovery of claim 17, wherein the gas recovery structure comprises a second buffer vessel in communication with the gas mass flowmeter, the second buffer vessel in communication with a third buffer vessel through a second gas booster pump, the third buffer vessel in communication with a gas recovery bottle through a gas recovery line.
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