CN114618379A - Experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation and experimental method thereof - Google Patents
Experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation and experimental method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114618379A CN114618379A CN202210378800.1A CN202210378800A CN114618379A CN 114618379 A CN114618379 A CN 114618379A CN 202210378800 A CN202210378800 A CN 202210378800A CN 114618379 A CN114618379 A CN 114618379A
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/03—Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00011—Laboratory-scale plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation and an experimental method thereof, wherein the experimental model comprises the following steps: a built-in model and a high-pressure reaction kettle are arranged; the built-in model is used as a body model, is hermetically fixed in the high-pressure reaction kettle and is used for simulating deep sea or stratum; and confining pressure is loaded in the high-pressure reaction kettle and the annular space of the built-in model, so that compaction of the body model and formation pressure simulation are realized. The invention has simple structure and good universality, and can realize the sealing of the built-in model and the high-pressure reaction kettle through the shaft surface and the end surface O-shaped ring, so that the sealing operation requirement can be met under the condition of higher pressure. Meanwhile, the structural configuration of the cylindrical container has a better pressure-resistant effect, the surrounding pressure is provided through the circular annular space, meanwhile, the built-in model can be very thin, and the pressure loss is reduced through the thin wall, so that the real formation pressure is approached. The invention can be widely applied to the field of hydrate simulation experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrate simulation experiments, in particular to an experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation and an experimental method thereof.
Background
At present, in the related field of hydrate simulation experiments, simulation mining experiments under various conditions are needed, the geological conditions of hydrate deposits are urgently needed to be simulated, and the mining of the hydrate deposits is guided by obtaining real and reliable mining data.
However, most of the experimental models are tank models, and the confining pressure simulated by the tank models cannot be controlled according to the corresponding geological conditions, so that the simulated geological conditions are single. In the related field of hydrate experiments, no effective solution exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation and an experimental method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation, comprising:
a built-in model and a high-pressure reaction kettle are arranged;
the built-in model is used as a body model, is hermetically fixed in the high-pressure reaction kettle and is used for simulating deep sea or stratum;
and confining pressure is loaded in the high-pressure reaction kettle and the annular space of the built-in model, so that compaction of the body model and formation pressure simulation are realized.
Further, the built-in model comprises a lower end cover, a cylinder body and an upper end cover which are fixed through locking bolts; the lower end cover is arranged on the model flange seat, a porous screen plate is paved on the upper surface of the lower end cover, and a lower filter element is paved on the porous screen plate; the lower surface of the upper end cover is paved with an upper filter element, and the porous screen plate, the lower filter element and the upper filter element are matched with each other and used for isolating and filtering sand; the side wall of the cylinder body is provided with a plurality of simulation mineshafts communicated with the inside of the cylinder body.
Furthermore, end face seal rings are arranged between the lower end cover and the lower part of the cylinder body and between the upper end cover and the joint of the upper part of the cylinder body.
Furthermore, a plurality of temperature measuring joints, pressure measuring joints and hanging rings are arranged at intervals on the top of the upper end cover, and each temperature measuring joint and each pressure measuring joint are connected with the upper end cover through sealing threads and used for mounting a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor so as to acquire temperature and pressure data of a preset acquisition point in the cylinder in real time and send the temperature and pressure data to corresponding processing equipment; each lifting ring is used for lifting the built-in model into the high-pressure reaction kettle.
Further, the lower end cover is provided with a bottom gas injection joint, and the bottom gas injection joint penetrates through the lower end cover and then is communicated with the interior of the cylinder body, and is used for injecting pressure into the cylinder body.
Further, the side wall of the cylinder body and the model flange seat are provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs for ensuring the strength of the whole structure.
Further, the high-pressure reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle barrel, a lower flat cover and an upper flat cover, wherein the lower flat cover is fixedly welded with the lower end face of the reaction kettle barrel, the upper flat cover is fixed with the upper end face of the reaction kettle barrel through a hoop, and sealing is realized through an end face sealing ring and a shaft face sealing ring; after the built-in model is hoisted in the high-pressure reaction kettle, the upper flat cover is fixedly connected with the upper end cover of the built-in model through the fixed pull rod so as to realize the sealing and fixing of the built-in model.
Furthermore, a locking thread is reserved on the upper flat cover and used for locking the locking screw, so that other flange interfaces are added at a later stage.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an experimental method for simulating hydrate reservoir formation and exploitation, comprising the following steps:
hoisting the built-in model into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and sealing and fixing;
and respectively injecting pressures P1 and P2 into the built-in model and an annular space between the built-in model and the high-pressure reaction kettle, enabling the difference between injection pressures P1 and P2 to be within a preset range, and transmitting the formation pressure simulated by the injection pressure P2 into the built-in model so as to simulate the overburden pressure under the conditions of deep sea and formation.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention has simple structure and good universality, and can meet the use requirement of sealing under the condition of higher pressure by sealing the shaft surface and the end surface O-shaped ring.
2. The cylindrical container structure has a good pressure-resistant effect, the confining pressure is provided by the circular high-pressure reaction kettle, meanwhile, the built-in model can be very thin, and the pressure loss is reduced by the thin wall, so that the real formation pressure is approached.
3. The simulation experiment condition of the invention is more approximate to the real hydrate formation and exploitation condition.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the inventive internal mold;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the internal mold;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a high-pressure reactor according to the present invention:
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the upper flat cover to the inner mold;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a built-in model hoisted to a high pressure reactor:
the components in the figure are as follows:
1. a built-in model; 11. a lower end cover; 111. a bottom gas injection joint; 12. an upper end cover; 121. a temperature measuring junction; 122. a pressure measurement connection; 123. a hoisting ring; 124. sealing the threads; 13. a cylinder body; 14. a model flange seat; 15. a porous mesh plate; 16. a lower layer filter element; 17. an upper filter element; 18. simulating a shaft; 19. reinforcing ribs; 2. a high-pressure reaction kettle; 21. a reaction kettle barrel; 22. a lower flat cover; 23. a flat cover is arranged; 24. clamping a hoop; 25. an end face seal ring; 26. a shaft surface sealing ring; 27. fixing a pull rod; 28. locking the threads; 29. and locking the screw.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In some embodiments of the present invention, an experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and production is provided, which comprises: a built-in model and a high-pressure reaction kettle are arranged; the built-in model is used as a body model, is hermetically fixed in the high-pressure reaction kettle and is used for simulating deep sea or stratum; and confining pressure is loaded in the high-pressure reaction kettle and the annular space of the built-in model, so that compaction of the body model and formation pressure simulation are realized. The invention has simple structure and good universality, and can realize the sealing of the built-in model and the high-pressure reaction kettle by the O-shaped rings on the shaft surface and the end surface, so that the sealing use requirement can be met under the condition of higher pressure. Meanwhile, the structural configuration of the cylindrical container has a better pressure-resistant effect, the surrounding pressure is provided through the circular annular space, the built-in model can be very thin, and the pressure loss is reduced through the thin wall, so that the real formation pressure is approached. The invention can be widely applied to the field of hydrate simulation experiments.
Correspondingly, the invention further provides an experimental method for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation in other embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an experimental model for simulating hydrate accumulation and exploitation, which includes a built-in model 1 and a high-pressure reactor 2. The built-in model 1 is used as a body model (namely a deep sea or stratum model to be simulated in the experimental process), is hermetically fixed in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and is used for simulating the deep sea or the stratum; and confining pressure is loaded in the annular space of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and the built-in model 1 and is used for realizing compaction of the body model and formation pressure simulation.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inner mold 1 includes a lower end cap 11, an upper end cap 12 and a cylinder 13 fixed by locking bolts. The lower end cover 11 is arranged on the model flange seat 14, the upper surface of the lower end cover 11 is fixedly paved with a porous screen 15 through bolts, the upper surface of the porous screen 15 is paved with a lower filter element 16, the lower surface of the upper end cover 12 is fixedly paved with an upper filter element 17 through bolts, and the porous screen 15, the lower filter element 16 and the upper filter element 17 are matched with each other for isolating and filtering sand and preventing the sand from entering a pipeline to block a shaft; the side wall of the cylinder body 13 is provided with a plurality of simulated wellholes 18 communicated with the inside of the cylinder body 13.
In a preferred embodiment, end-face sealing rings (not shown) are disposed between the lower end cap 11 and the lower portion of the cylinder 13 and between the upper end cap 12 and the upper portion of the cylinder 13 to achieve sealing.
In a preferred embodiment, the lower end cap 11 is provided with a bottom gas injection connector 111, and the bottom gas injection connector 111 passes through the lower end cap 11 and communicates with the inside of the cylinder 13 for injecting pressure into the cylinder 13.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of temperature measuring joints 121, pressure measuring joints 122 and a plurality of hanging rings 123 are arranged at intervals on the top of the upper end cover 12, and each temperature measuring joint 121 and each pressure measuring joint 123 are connected with the upper end cover 12 through a sealing thread 124 and used for installing a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor so as to acquire temperature and pressure data of a preset acquisition point in the cylinder 13 in real time and send the data to corresponding processing equipment; each lifting ring 123 is used for lifting the built-in model 1 into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the sidewall of the barrel 13 and the mold flange seat 14 are provided with a plurality of ribs 19 for ensuring the overall structural strength.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the high pressure reactor 2 comprises a reactor cylinder 21, a lower flat cover 22 and an upper flat cover 23, wherein the lower flat cover 22 is welded and fixed with the lower end face of the reactor cylinder 21, the upper flat cover 23 is fixed with the upper end face of the reactor cylinder 21 through a clamp 24, and sealing is realized through an end face seal ring 25 and an axial face seal ring 26; after the built-in model 1 is hoisted in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, the upper flat cover 23 is fixedly connected with the upper end cover 12 of the built-in model 1 through the fixed pull rod 27 so as to realize the sealing and fixing of the built-in model 1.
In a preferred embodiment, a locking thread 28 is reserved on the upper flat cover 23 and used for locking a locking screw 29 so as to add other flange interfaces at a later stage.
Example 2
Based on the experimental model for simulating hydrate reservoir formation and exploitation provided in embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an experimental method for simulating hydrate reservoir formation and exploitation, including the following steps:
1) and hoisting the built-in model 1 into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, and sealing and fixing.
As shown in fig. 5, the specific operation method for hoisting the internal model 1 into the high-pressure reactor 2 is as follows: the built-in model 1 is hoisted into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 through a hoisting ring 123 arranged at the top of the upper end cover 12 of the built-in model 1, and the upper flat cover 23 of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end cover 12 of the built-in model through a fixed pull rod 27. The two ends of the fixed pull rod 27 are provided with M24 screw threads, and when in connection, the fixed pull rod is screwed into the upper flat cover 23 and the upper end cover 12 through screw thread connection, and the lower end is locked by a nut and loosened.
2) Respectively injecting pressure P1 and confining pressure P2 into the built-in model 1 and an annular space between the built-in model 1 and the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, enabling the difference between the pressure P1 and the confining pressure P2 to be within a preset range, and transmitting the formation pressure simulated by the confining pressure P2 into the built-in model to simulate the overburden pressure under the conditions of deep sea and formation.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection manner, manufacturing process and the like of each component can be changed, and equivalent changes and improvements made on the basis of the technical scheme of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental model for simulating hydrate reservoir formation and exploitation is characterized by comprising the following components:
a built-in model and a high-pressure reaction kettle are arranged;
the built-in model is used as a body model, is hermetically fixed in the high-pressure reaction kettle and is used for simulating deep sea or stratum;
and confining pressure is loaded in the high-pressure reaction kettle and the annular space of the built-in model, so that compaction of the body model and formation pressure simulation are realized.
2. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the built-in model comprises a lower end cover, a cylinder and an upper end cover fixed by locking bolts; the lower end cover is arranged on the model flange seat, a porous screen plate is paved on the upper surface of the lower end cover, and a lower filter element is paved on the porous screen plate; an upper filter element is laid on the lower surface of the upper end cover, and the porous screen plate, the lower filter element and the upper filter element are matched with each other and used for isolating and filtering sand; the side wall of the cylinder body is provided with a plurality of simulation mineshafts communicated with the inside of the cylinder body.
3. The model of claim 2, wherein end face sealing rings are arranged between the lower end cover and the lower part of the cylinder body, and between the upper end cover and the upper part of the cylinder body.
4. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation as claimed in claim 2, wherein a plurality of temperature measuring joints, pressure measuring joints and hanging rings are arranged at intervals on the top of the upper end cover, and each of the temperature measuring joints and the pressure measuring joints is connected with the upper end cover through a sealing thread and used for installing a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor so as to acquire temperature and pressure data of preset acquisition points in the cylinder in real time and send the data to corresponding processing equipment; each lifting ring is used for lifting the built-in model into the high-pressure reaction kettle.
5. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation according to claim 2, wherein the lower end cap is provided with a bottom gas injection connector, and the bottom gas injection connector passes through the lower end cap and then is communicated with the interior of the cylinder for injecting pressure into the cylinder.
6. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the side wall of the cylinder and the flange seat of the model are provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs for ensuring the strength of the whole structure.
7. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high-pressure reactor comprises a reactor cylinder, a lower flat cover and an upper flat cover, the lower flat cover is welded and fixed with the lower end face of the reactor cylinder, the upper flat cover is fixed with the upper end face of the reactor cylinder through a hoop, and sealing is achieved through an end face sealing ring and a shaft face sealing ring; after the built-in model is hoisted in the high-pressure reaction kettle, the upper flat cover is fixedly connected with the upper end cover of the built-in model through the fixed pull rod, so that the built-in model is sealed and fixed.
8. The experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation as claimed in claim 7, wherein a locking thread is reserved on the upper flat cover for locking a locking screw, so as to add other flange interfaces at a later stage.
9. An experimental method using the experimental model for simulating hydrate formation and exploitation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
hoisting the built-in model into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and sealing and fixing;
and respectively injecting pressures P1 and P2 into the built-in model and an annular space between the built-in model and the high-pressure reaction kettle, enabling the difference between injection pressures P1 and P2 to be within a preset range, and transmitting the formation pressure simulated by the injection pressure P2 into the built-in model so as to simulate the overburden pressure under the conditions of deep sea and formation.
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