CN103453807A - Explosion method for open-cast mining underground goaf position - Google Patents
Explosion method for open-cast mining underground goaf position Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an explosion method for an open-cast mining underground goaf position. The general form of the goaf is primarily mastered by the goaf detection technology; according to the detected goaf form, through holes are formed in a top plate in the center of the goaf and the surrounding turning points to obtain the accurate goaf form; the thickness of the top plate and the inner height of the goaf are mastered; according to the thickness of the top plate and the inner height of the goaf, the through holes and the non-through holes of the top plate of the goaf and the whole section height blast holes around the goaf are designed on the top and the surrounding positions of the goaf; the explosive quantity of the holes of the goaf position is calculated and corrected, construction of hole distribution and explosive charging are carried out; the whole section height blast holes are charged according to the explosive quantity of the non-goaf position; the explosive in the surrounding boundary holes is firstly detonated; then, the explosive in the goaf holes are successively detonated. According to the explosion method for the open-cast mining underground goaf position, which is disclosed by the invention, the explosion effect is greatly improved, the explosion product satisfies the requirement of the next working procedure, the block rate is lowered by 80%, the foundation is reduced by 50%, the explosion effect of the non-goaf position is achieved, the explosion quality is subjected to qualitative leap, and the huge difficulty restricting the outdoor production is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the blasting technique field, particularly a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method.
Background technology
Due to Japanese's underground mining rich ore in history and the nineties later stage in last century private enterprise, private ore deposit point random mining and adopt steathily, the illegal mining mineral resources, there are a large amount of unknown Goaf Areas in excavating plant.When goaf current mining (comprising mining height, productive area etc.) does not have particulars, and goaf do not possess while manually entering the condition of detecting, and has a strong impact on the strip mining transformation effect.While especially in strip mining transformation, running into underground not clear goaf, bring potential safety hazard not only to operating personnel and equipment, and, because the uncertainty of dead zone causes the blindness of rotary drill perforation, namely hole depth blindly wears that (dead zone has penetrated and rearranged hole aside and guarantee that next hole does not penetrate; The position do not penetrated can only be worn according to normal hole, whether meet that hole depth requires and unclear), hole pattern blindly arranges that to cause hole pattern inhomogeneous (because site of perforation is uncertain, once unknown position penetrates, need change place, that the original plan hole pattern change in location is just larger).Blindness, error and the inhomogeneous cloth hole of perforation seriously restrict blasting work.For example, according to prior art, the technical staff carries out the calculating of single hole explosive payload according to (production site that there is no Goaf Area) linear charging density of routine to through hole not, the filling high computational, then select the detonate conventional firing order of many rounds great Qu elementary errors tight-face blasting of single-point to carry out the line explosion, and do not consider due to the hole depth difference, burden varies in size, each single hole need to overcome different burdens and need to select different explosive payloads, different filling height, the factor of not considering the firing order of first detonating in the hole, dead zone can cause the first slump of dead zone top plate and increasing the difficulty of detonating (burden increases) of dead zone periphery hole affects, will cause due to a plurality of large-scale foundation of the excessive formation of burden, clog the too high formation bulk that exceeds standard in a large number, the first slump of dead zone top plate or dead zone top plate big gun hole are played slungshot and are caused the future troubles such as the dead zone periphery hole miss-fires, directly cause next procedure blasting work effect undesirable, produce a large amount of methods of blasting toes in opens (foundation is many), explosion bulk (boulder yield is high), outstanding and the result such as do not fall of dead zone top plate even, also further increased the shovel dress, the work difficulty of transportation operation, cause production cost significantly to raise, explosive specific charge is 0.35～0.48 kg/t.How to solve hole charge, the filling height at position, goaf, the blasting technique problems such as single hole explosive payload ,Bao district firing order of different parts are to improve demolition effect, overcome the key issue of production, a safe difficult problem, have not yet to see the relevant report about strip mining transformation Goaf Area blasting technique.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method, can greatly improve demolition effect, make explosion again product meet the needs of next procedure, boulder yield, foundation rate reach the effect of non-dead zone position explosion, blasting quality is realized qualitative leap, solve the huge difficult problem of the outdoor production of restriction, for reducing production costs, realize that safety in production creates conditions.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals:
A kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) calculate linear charging density q
1=π * (d/2)
2* ρ;
(2) choose explosive specific charge q according to ore deposit lithology matter, explosive character, bore diameter;
(3) choosing filling height h5 is effective drilling depth L 1/3;
(4) according to effectively drilling depth and linear charging density calculate single hole battering charge Qm=q
1* L * 2/3;
(5) calculate single hole burden area of explosion S1=a * b;
(6) calculate single hole explosive payload Q=q * S1 * L according to single hole burden area of explosion and explosive specific charge;
(7) as Q > during Qm, adjust single hole burden area of explosion and makes Q=Qm, recalculate individual shot burden area S1; When Q<=Qm, get single hole burden area of explosion S1;
(8) determine a, b according to single hole burden area of explosion S1 and the concrete geometry in on-the-spot dead zone, guarantee that all single holes burden area of explosion S1 are cumulative can cover whole dead zones, according to a, the b construction cloth hole after determining;
(9) for the big gun hole that need to penetrate at the position, dead zone, first at top board, start 1.0～1.5m place an air-spacer is installed, then fill out the rock slag on air-spacer, the height h2 of rock slag and air-spacer is that dead zone top plate thickness deducts air-spacer and uses 1/5～1/4 after starting altitude h3;
(10) constructed and according to Q=q * a * b * L, calculated single hole explosive payload powder charge afterwards;
Wherein: H-dead zone top plate thickness; The effective drilling depth of L-; The h3-air-spacer is used starting altitude; H2-rock slag+air-spacer height; H5-clogs height; The a-pitch-row; The b-array pitch; S1-single hole burden area of explosion; q
1-linear charging density; The single hole battering charge that Qm-calculates according to linear charging density and maximum shot elevation; Q-is according to the single hole explosive payload of explosive specific charge and hole pattern calculation of parameter; Q-explosive specific charge amount; The d-blasthole diameter; ρ-degree of packing;
Place, surrounding edge boundary line, goaf high ，An Fei dead zone, the big gun hole position explosion dose of full section is carried out to powder charge;
Described effective drilling depth L is shot elevation h1+ filling height h5, and for through hole not, effective drilling depth L refers to actual drilling depth, and for through hole, effective drilling depth L refers to and handles residue drilling depth behind bottom.The described bottom of handling refers to the air-spacer of installation and the rock slag of filling.
It is 1.0～1.5m that described air-spacer is used starting altitude h3.
Described explosive specific charge q is 0.22～0.25 kg/t.
The big gun hole of described complete section high is dead zone top plate thickness+dead zone internal height+super dark, described super be 2.5～3.5 m deeply.
The present invention is according to the hole depth difference, burden varies in size, and each single hole need to overcome different toe burdens, selected different explosive payloads, different filling height, and firing order is adjusted, solved due to a plurality of large-scale foundation of the excessive formation of toe burden, clog the too high formation bulk that exceeds standard in a large number, the first slump of dead zone top plate or dead zone top plate big gun hole are played that slungshot causes that the dead zone periphery hole miss-fires and are waited the huge difficult problem that restricts outdoor production, greatly improved blasting quality, make explosion meet the needs of next procedure at product, boulder yield, foundation rate reaches the level of non-dead zone position explosion, blasting quality has been realized qualitative leap, specific targets are as follows:
1, implement new technical scheme by the Goaf Area position in exploiting field in the open, the boulder yield of position, dead zone has reduced by 80% before implementing, and foundation has reduced 50%;
2, do not find the situation of the easy generation security incidents such as chongtian mortar in implementation process;
3, by implementing, in the explosion of position, dead zone, with taking the explosion before this method is implemented, not compare, under the identical condition of ore deposit lithology matter, explosive character, bore diameter, explosive specific charge has reduced 0.14kg/t;
4, by implementing, the efficiency power shovel at position, dead zone has improved 30% than in the past, and Automobile Transportation efficiency has improved 30%.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Figure l is Goaf Area perforation of top plate cloth of the present invention hole schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is through hole charge constitution schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is through hole charge constitution schematic diagram not.
Wherein: in Fig. 1, dash area is Goaf Area, the 1-through hole; 2-is through hole not; The high big gun hole of the full section of 3-; The 4-dead zone top plate; The 5-air-spacer.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, the Exhausted area prospecting technology of at first applying shallow earthquake image method, High Density Resistivity and transient electromagnetic method is tentatively grasped the roughly form of dead zone, then according to the space status detected, at dead zone central deck, peripheral flex point place's operation through hole, obtain the accurate form in dead zone, grasp top plate thickness, dead zone internal height, and around reaching at the top, dead zone according to this, rotary drill operation three class holes (as Fig. 1) are used in the position design.One class is the through hole 1 at dead zone top plate, verifies that ，Zhe Lei hole, form hole need to calculate revise individual shot burden area S1(in the explosive loading amount and namely will adjust the size of a and b) after construction; One class is through hole 2 not, at dead zone top plate, retains 1/4～1/5 of dead zone top plate thickness H, and with better powder charge, this class hole need to be calculated and revise individual shot burden area S1(and namely will adjust the size of a and b in the explosive loading amount) after construction; The 3rd class is the big gun hole 3 that complete section of dead zone periphery is high.
Two, to the dose in the hole at position, dead zone calculated, revise, construct cloth hole powder charge
1, for the big gun hole that need to penetrate at the position, dead zone (through hole 1 in Fig. 1)
(1) calculate linear charging density q
1=π * (d/2)
2* ρ.
(2) choose explosive specific charge q according to ore deposit lithology matter, explosive character, bore diameter, the boring in general 250～310mm aperture, get 0.22～0.25 kg/t.For example: the boring in 250mm aperture, if rock pore is selected ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, get 0.22～0.23 kg/t, if select emulsion, get 0.23～0.24kg/t; If ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is selected in the ore hole, get 0.23～0.24 kg/t, if select emulsion, get 0.235～0.25 kg/t.For the boring in 310mm aperture, if rock pore is selected ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, get 0.22～0.235 kg/t, select emulsion, get 0.23～0.24kg/t; If ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is selected in the ore hole, get 0.23～0.25 kg/t, select emulsion, get 0.24～0.25 kg/t.
(3) choose filling height h5, generally get the 1/3(of (referring to the air-spacer 5 of installation and the rock slag of filling) rear residue drilling depth bottom handling: L/3, as shown in Figure 2).
(4) according to effectively drilling depth and linear charging density calculate single hole battering charge Qm=q1 * L * 2/3.
(5) calculate single hole burden area of explosion S1=a * b.
(6) calculate single hole explosive payload Q=q * S1 * L according to single hole burden area of explosion and explosive specific charge.
(7) as Q > during Qm, adjust single hole burden area of explosion and makes Q=Qm, recalculate individual shot burden area S1(and namely will adjust the size of a and b); When Q<=Qm, get single hole burden area of explosion S1.
(8) determine a, b according to single hole burden area of explosion S1 and the concrete geometry in on-the-spot dead zone, according to a, the b construction cloth hole after determining.
(9) for the big gun hole that need to penetrate at the position, dead zone, first at top board, start the h3 in 1.0～1.5m(Fig. 2) locate to install an air-spacer 5, then fill out the rock slag on air-spacer 5, the height h2 that guarantees rock slag and air-spacer 5 is generally dead zone top plate 4 thickness H and deducts 1.0～1.5m(air-spacer and use starting altitude h3) after 1/5～1/4.
(10) constructed and according to Q=q * a * b * L, calculated single hole explosive payload powder charge afterwards.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein: H-dead zone top plate thickness (being also drilling depth); The effective drilling depth of L-(shot elevation+filling height); The h3-air-spacer is used starting altitude (1.0～1.5m); H2-rock slag+air-spacer height; The h1-shot elevation; H5-clogs height; The a-pitch-row; The b-array pitch; The processing height of h4-through hole; S1-single hole burden area of explosion; q
1-linear charging density; The single hole battering charge that Qm-calculates according to linear charging density and maximum shot elevation; Q-is according to the single hole explosive payload of explosive specific charge and hole pattern calculation of parameter; Q-explosive specific charge amount; The d-blasthole diameter; ρ-degree of packing.
2, for the big gun hole that does not need to penetrate at the position, dead zone (the not through hole 2 in Fig. 1)
(1) calculate linear charging density q
1=π * (d/2)
2* ρ.
(2) choose explosive specific charge q according to ore deposit lithology matter, explosive character, bore diameter, the boring in general 250～310mm aperture, get 0.22～0.25 kg/t.For example: the boring in 250mm aperture, if rock pore is selected ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, get 0.22～0.23 kg/t, if select emulsion, get 0.23～0.24 kg/t; If ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is selected in the ore hole, get 0.23～0.24 kg/t, if select emulsion, get 0.235～0.25 kg/t.For the boring in 310mm aperture, if rock pore is selected ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, get 0.22～0.235 kg/t, select emulsion, get 0.23～0.24kg/t; If ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is selected in the ore hole, get 0.23～0.25 kg/t, select emulsion, get 0.24～0.25 kg/t.
(3) choose 1/3(that filling height h5 generally gets actual drilling depth L: L/3, as shown in Figure 3).
(4) according to effectively drilling depth and linear charging density calculate single hole battering charge Qm=q
1* L * 2/3.
(5) calculate single hole burden area of explosion S1=a * b.
(6) calculate single hole explosive payload Q=q * S1 * L according to single hole burden area of explosion and explosive specific charge.
(7) as Q > during Qm, adjust single hole burden area of explosion and makes Q=Qm, recalculate individual shot burden area S1(and namely will adjust the size of a and b); When Q<=Qm, get single hole burden area of explosion S1.
(8) determine a, b according to single hole burden area of explosion S1 and the concrete geometry in on-the-spot dead zone, principle is to guarantee all through hole single holes burden area of explosion S1 and all not through hole single holes burden area of explosion S1 is cumulative can cover whole dead zones, then according to a, the b construction cloth hole after determining.
(9) to reserve 1/5～1/4 not operation (h4 in Fig. 3) of dead zone top plate thickness H for the bottom, ，Bao hole, big gun hole that does not need to penetrate at the position, dead zone apart from dead zone top plate 4.
(10) constructed and according to Q=q * a * b * L, calculated the single hole explosive payload afterwards.
As shown in Figure 3, wherein: establish H-dead zone top plate thickness (being also L+ h4); The effective drilling depth of L-(actual drilling depth); The h1-shot elevation; H5-clogs height; The a-pitch-row; The b-array pitch; S1-single hole burden area of explosion; q
1-linear charging density; The single hole battering charge that Qm-calculates according to linear charging density and maximum shot elevation; Q-is according to the single hole explosive payload of explosive specific charge and hole pattern calculation of parameter; Q-explosive specific charge amount; The d-blasthole diameter; ρ-degree of packing.
Three, the high big gun hole (hole 3 in Fig. 1) of the full section in place, goaf surrounding edge boundary line
The high big gun hole to the full section in place, surrounding edge boundary line, goaf (be dead zone top plate thickness+dead zone internal height+super dark), carry out powder charge by non-dead zone position explosion dose.Described surpassing is 2.5～3.5 m deeply.
Four, bursting work is carried out in above-mentioned three class holes, the firing order principle is that first detonate in the hole, border on every side, then behind the hole, dead zone, detonates.
Claims (6)
1. a surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, at first apply the roughly form that the Exhausted area prospecting technology is tentatively grasped dead zone, then according to the space status detected, at dead zone central deck, peripheral flex point place's operation through hole, obtain the accurate form in dead zone, grasp top plate thickness, dead zone internal height, and around reaching at the top, dead zone according to this, rotary drill operation three class holes are used in the position design, a class is the through hole at dead zone top plate; One class is through hole not, at dead zone top plate, retains 1/4～1/5 of dead zone top plate thickness H; The 3rd class is the big gun hole that complete section of dead zone periphery is high;
Step 2, to the dose in the hole at position, dead zone calculated, revise, construct cloth hole powder charge
(1) calculate linear charging density q
1=π * (d/2)
2* ρ;
(2) choose explosive specific charge q according to ore deposit lithology matter, explosive character, bore diameter;
(3) to choose filling height h5 be effective drilling depth L 1/3;
(4) according to effectively drilling depth and linear charging density calculate single hole battering charge Qm=q
1* L * 2/3;
(5) calculate single hole burden area of explosion S1=a * b;
(6) calculate single hole explosive payload Q=q * S1 * L according to single hole burden area of explosion and explosive specific charge;
(7) as Q > during Qm, adjust single hole burden area of explosion and makes Q=Qm, recalculate individual shot burden area S1; When Q<=Qm, get single hole burden area of explosion S1;
(8) determine a, b according to single hole burden area of explosion S1 and the concrete geometry in on-the-spot dead zone, guarantee that all single holes burden area of explosion S1 are cumulative can cover whole dead zones, according to a, the b construction cloth hole after determining;
(9) for the big gun hole that need to penetrate at the position, dead zone, first at top board, start 1.0～1.5m place an air-spacer is installed, then fill out the rock slag on air-spacer, the height h2 of rock slag and air-spacer is that dead zone top plate thickness deducts air-spacer and uses 1/5～1/4 after starting altitude h3;
(10) constructed and according to Q=q * a * b * L, calculated single hole explosive payload powder charge afterwards;
Wherein: H-dead zone top plate thickness; The effective drilling depth of L-; The h3-air-spacer is used starting altitude; H2-rock slag+air-spacer height; The h1-shot elevation; H5-clogs height; The a-pitch-row; The b-array pitch; The processing height of h4-through hole; S1-single hole burden area of explosion; q
1-linear charging density; The single hole battering charge that Qm-calculates according to linear charging density and maximum shot elevation; Q-is according to the single hole explosive payload of explosive specific charge and hole pattern calculation of parameter; Q-explosive specific charge amount; The d-blasthole diameter; ρ-degree of packing;
Step 3, the high big gun hole of full section, place, surrounding edge boundary line, goaf
Place, surrounding edge boundary line, goaf high ，An Fei dead zone, the big gun hole position explosion dose of full section is carried out to powder charge;
Step 4, bursting work is carried out in above-mentioned three class holes, the firing order principle for around the hole, border first detonate, then behind the hole, dead zone, detonate.
2. a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described effective drilling depth L is shot elevation h1+ filling height h5, for through hole not, effective drilling depth L refers to actual drilling depth, and for through hole, effective drilling depth L refers to and handles residue drilling depth behind bottom.
3. a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method according to claim 2, is characterized in that the described bottom of handling refers to the air-spacer of installation and the rock slag of filling.
4. a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that it is 1.0～1.5m that described air-spacer is used starting altitude h3.
5. a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described explosive specific charge q is 0.22～0.25 kg/t.
6. a kind of surface mining Goaf Area position blasting method according to claim 1, the big gun hole that it is characterized in that described complete section high is dead zone top plate thickness+dead zone internal height+super dark, described super be 2.5～3.5 m deeply.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106197177A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 核工业南京建设集团有限公司 | The blast fragmentation size control method of inert media spaced loading at the bottom of hole |
| CN106288995A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method |
| CN112146528A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-29 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Water-rich blasting treatment method for roof of goaf at lower part of strip mine |
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| JP2000213900A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-02 | Tokyu Constr Co Ltd | Blasting method |
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| CN102080545A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-06-01 | 长沙矿山研究院 | High-risk pillar open-air deep hole collaborative stoping method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106197177A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 核工业南京建设集团有限公司 | The blast fragmentation size control method of inert media spaced loading at the bottom of hole |
| CN106288995A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method |
| CN106288995B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method |
| CN112146528A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-29 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Water-rich blasting treatment method for roof of goaf at lower part of strip mine |
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Application publication date: 20131218 |