CN106288995B - A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method - Google Patents

A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method Download PDF

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CN106288995B
CN106288995B CN201610701871.5A CN201610701871A CN106288995B CN 106288995 B CN106288995 B CN 106288995B CN 201610701871 A CN201610701871 A CN 201610701871A CN 106288995 B CN106288995 B CN 106288995B
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abandoned golfs
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rock
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刘增辉
李慧宗
娄嵩
张若飞
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs methods, including Abandoned golfs hazard assessment, determine Abandoned golfs range, blasting parameter, the evaluation of Abandoned golfs treatment effect；The Abandoned golfs overlying actual measurement country rock thickness HsLess than or equal to Abandoned golfs above rock thickness H (i.e. Hs≤ H) and Abandoned golfs overlying surveys country rock thickness and the product of bulking factor is less than or equal to Abandoned golfs cavity height (i.e. KsHs≤ h), it need to be to Abandoned golfs above rock explosion treatment；It determines that the content of Abandoned golfs range includes collecting mining data, surveys and draws practical Abandoned golfs range, drilling verification；Hole-by-hole initiation blasting parameter is made of adjustment Hole pattern parameters, charge constitution, connection mode, firing order；Abandoned golfs treatment effect verification foundation be actually measure collapse depth and the slump depth of theoretical calculation relatively determines whether to achieve the desired results.

Description

A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of Abandoned golfs processing methods, i.e., Abandoned golfs processing are eliminated using blasting technique Geological disaster caused by Abandoned golfs.
Background technology
The exploitation of mineral resources below earth's surface there are " cavity ", remaining goaf after different mining methods production of resources Difference, in recent years increase in demand of the China to mineral resources, the mining rate in mine accordingly increase for range and form, due to The caving in cause the accident of Abandoned golfs takes place frequently, and serious threat the person and property safety of surrounding resident, while also to ecology Environment damages,
It is collapsed caused by area of the April in 2016 of Fangshan, Beijing on the 19th (39.9 degree of north latitude, 115.8 degree of east longitude) coal mine, causes 2.7 Grade earthquake, does not find casualties；10 divide during 23 days 22 March in 2016, and Datong Coal Group Company is the same as No. 5 coal seams of raw Anping coal industry company 8117 fully-mechanized mining workings occur goaf large area caving and form storm wind safety accident, cause 19 people wrecked；On January 4th, 2015 Two Dun Cun of Yulin Chinese ephedra beam town occurs coal mine gob and collapses accident 2.5 grades of earthquakes of initiation；On December 25th, 2015 Pingyi, shandong Province County waste plaster ore goaf caves in, and causes 4.0 grades of earthquakes, and road surface large area fracture occurs and collapses, causes casualties and sternly Social influence again；Goaf collapses accident on June 23rd, 2013 Suizhou City Suixuan County one, and 6 workers is caused to be buried.2005 Cave-in accident occurs on November 6, in, Xingtai County of Hebei Province's Gypsum Mine, and accident causes 31 people dead altogether, and 33 people are injured, still there is 4 people It is missing；
The method in processing goaf at present, mainly there is (1) filling method, i.e., in recovery process or after exploitation, with filling Filling chock material supports goaf country rock using filler, prevents goaf from caving in goaf filling.Such as patent (CN102606205A) in-situ treatment method of Goaf Area is disclosed；(2) open-stope method sets ore pillar or artificial branch by staying Elastic supports goaf country rock, prevents goaf from caving in, and as underground water or exploitation disturbance ore pillar or pillar fail, can still exist and adopt The risk that dead zone caves in.(3) Caving Method with Large Space that is, by artificial or natural ground pressure breaking goaf country rock, induces the part in goaf Country rock inbreak bashing, there are country rock inbreaks cannot adequately fill up goaf for this method, and there are still the wind that goaf caves in Danger.
Goaf how is effectively treated, and can prevent goaf from caving in and cause in disaster, applicant proposes to use and hole-specifically rise Quick-fried explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method destroys goaf country rock by explosion means, while reduce concussion of blasting and mined out Geological disaster caused by area's wall damage, gradually detonating charge amount and the rock amount for being caving country rock, realization handle goaf for limitation.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of present in existing Mined-out Area control method and existing patented technology, the invention reside in provide one Kind hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method, prevents Abandoned golfs from caving in and causes in disaster, while reduces explosion shake Geological disaster caused by dynamic and Abandoned golfs wall damage.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method by 1. Abandoned golfs hazard assessment, 2. determines useless Goaf range is abandoned, 3. blasting parameter design, 4. Abandoned golfs explosion treatment effect assessment forms.
Abandoned golfs hazard assessment is divided into following two situations：
1. Abandoned golfs above rock THICKNESS CALCULATION and hazard assessment：
In formula, H Abandoned golfs above rock thickness, m；L Abandoned golfs maximum spans, m；ρ Abandoned golfs overlyings Rock stratum weighted average density, kg/m3；σxAbandoned golfs overlying rock weighted average tensile strength allowable, KN/m2；P ground is set Standby shock loading, KN/m2；p1Above ground structure is to the unit pressure of Abandoned golfs overlying rock, KN/m2。
Hazard assessment standard：Hs≤ H, i.e. Abandoned golfs overlying actual measurement country rock thickness HsIt is mined out less than or equal to discarded During area above rock thickness H, it is necessary to use hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment to Abandoned golfs above rock.
2. using above rock caving method processing Abandoned golfs filling thickness hazard assessment：
H1=h+Hc
In formula, h be Abandoned golfs cavity height, m；HcThickness, m are filled for sillar；H1For caving zone height,m；M is exploits orebody thickness, m；KsFor bulking factor, 1.05-1.5 is taken；β inclines for ore body Angle, °.
Hazard assessment standard：KsHs≤ h, i.e. Abandoned golfs overlying survey multiplying for country rock thickness and bulking factor When product is less than or equal to Abandoned golfs cavity height h, it is necessary to Abandoned golfs above rock using at hole-by-hole initiation explosion Reason.
The content that Abandoned golfs range determines：Mining data is collected, surveys and draws practical Abandoned golfs range, probing Verification determines Abandoned golfs boundary, and safe operating environment is provided for later stage hole-by-hole initiation blast working.
1. the practical Abandoned golfs range of mapping, integrated use geophysical exploration and three-dimensional laser scanning system C-als Abandoned golfs buried depth, height and range are measured, Abandoned golfs morphological feature and spread extension situation have been obtained, to close The Abandoned golfs processing scheme of reason provides foundation.
2. prospecting by boring, the range of Abandoned golfs is determined according to data early period and geophysical exploration, drilling must penetrate Lower part dead zone determines cavity height, accurate judgement Abandoned golfs form and spread extension situation.
Hole-by-hole initiation blasting parameter is by adjustment Hole pattern parameters, charge constitution, connection mode, firing order composition, specific packet It includes：
1. charge constitution, when spillage occurs in blasting boreholes construction, stopping drilling construction filling 1.0m clays to bottom hole, adopts With spaced loading, that is, explosive 4.0m and delay detonator are installed, air-spacer 4.0m are installed, then effective explosive length is installed and is prolonged Phase detonator installs air-spacer 6.0m, then installs explosive 10.0m and delay detonator, the brill that aperture filling height is 20-40 times Bore dia.
2. blasting network uses parallel connections mode, wired in series mode is used between the delay detonator in blasthole；Each Delay detonator in blasthole is parallel-connected on main primacord.
3. firing order, the delay detonator delay close to bottom hole takes 600ms, and the delay detonator delay close to aperture takes 625ms realizes In-hole short delay explosion, and hole male extension detonator time delay interval uses 25ms, and fire point uses instantaneous cap, other holes Male extension detonator time delay interval successively increases 25ms.
4. because Abandoned golfs balkstone is there are upper and lower two scope of freedoms, for explosion rock slag is made fully to be backfilled to cavity It is interior, it should be using the lower part scope of freedom as the rock direction of extrusion；According to the spatial shape of the Abandoned golfs, blast hole depth, blasthole and sky The normal hole explosive payload of area's frontier distance and periphery and mechanical properties of rock are adjusted.
The verification of Abandoned golfs explosion treatment effect, is weighed using slump depth, i.e., what is actually measured collapses depth It evaluates whether to achieve the desired results with compared with the slump depth of theoretical calculation.
The calculation formula of quick-fried heap slump depth：
H0=(h+H)-HKs(1-α)
In formula, H0For quick-fried heap slump depth, m；H be Abandoned golfs cavity height, m；H is Abandoned golfs above rock Thickness, m；KsFor the rock coefficient of volumetric expansion, 1.05-1.5 is taken；α causes Tu Yan to dish out only coefficient for periphery hole, takes 5%.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are：
1. prevent caving in for Abandoned golfs from causing the accident of personnel and property loss.
2. hole-by-hole initiation explosion Abandoned golfs top covering rockmass, prevents seismic secondary disaster caused by total collapse.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 coatings meet blasthole and Abandoned golfs relationship elevational schematic view under execution conditions
Fig. 2 coatings meet blasthole and Abandoned golfs relationship floor map under execution conditions
The blasthole of Fig. 3 thin cover layers and Abandoned golfs relationship elevational schematic view
The blasthole of Fig. 4 thin cover layers and Abandoned golfs relationship floor map
Fig. 5 gradually initiation net figures
Fig. 6 charge constitution schematic diagrames
In figure：1- blasthole 2- ore pillar 3- Abandoned golfs 4- cranny development layer 5- above rock 6- primacords 7- gives up Abandon gob edge 1-1- bottom holes backfill 1-2- explosive 1-3- air-spacer 1-4- delay detonator 1-5- aperture fillings Detonator in 1-6- holes
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The formation of Abandoned golfs disaster
Since underground ore is plucked out of, dead zone, while the original original stress equilibrium state quilt of country rock are formed under natural terrain Change, goaf (3) above rock (5) there will be different degrees of deformation and failure, and when goaf (3), exposed area reaches certain Range, above rock (5) by mining effect, underground water to the softening of above rock (5) the effects that, Abandoned golfs (3) are residual The rupture of ore pillar (2) and above rock (5) stayed, the movement and deformation for causing top covering rockmass can expand to earth's surface, when in rupture When covering the load for being not enough to bearing top covering rockmass of country rock (5), the total collapse of Abandoned golfs (3) top covering rockmass is formed, from And surface buildings are destroyed, environmental problem, a large amount of rocks is caused to be impacted caused by falling into Abandoned golfs (3), causes time Radix Rehmanniae Earthquake calamity is done harm to.
Abandoned golfs hazard assessment
Open-stope mining is widely used in mining production as a kind of common mining methods, mainly relies on and stay If ore pillar (2) supports upper lower burrs country rock, control ground pressure and prevent caving in for above rock (5), remnant pillar (2) underground water, Under the effects that mining influence, concussion of blasting, the intensity of ore pillar (2) can be reduced or even be destroyed, Abandoned golfs (3) above rock (5) ore pillar (2) supporting role is lost, Abandoned golfs (3) above rock (5) just has risk of caving in, for this kind of discarded mined out Area (3) above rock (5) caves in hazard assessment standard：H≤Hs, i.e. Abandoned golfs (3) above rock thickness H is less than or waits In Abandoned golfs (3) overlying actual measurement country rock thickness HsWhen, it is necessary to it is quick-fried using hole-by-hole initiation to Abandoned golfs (3) overlying rock Tear is managed.
When using spontaneous caving method management stope ground pressure, with the exploitation of ore, part above rock (5) collapses naturally It falls, the increase of fragmented rock volume is filled to goaf (3), if broken above rock (5) can be fully populated with, by broken The above rock (5) that broken rock bearing is not caving, then there is no the risks of goaf (3) total collapse；If broken overlying Country rock (5) cannot be fully populated with, and Abandoned golfs (3) residual clearance height is big, then there are Abandoned golfs (3) total collapses Risk, above rock (5) caving method processing Abandoned golfs (3) fill thickness hazard assessment standard：KsHs≤ h, i.e., it is discarded Goaf (3) overlying surveys country rock thickness and the product of bulking factor is less than or equal to Abandoned golfs (3) cavity height h When, it is necessary to hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment is used to Abandoned golfs (3) above rock.
Determine Abandoned golfs range
The formation in goaf (3) is formed after ore is plucked out of, and mining Design data is the foundation of mining, is led to Normal goaf (3) range and mining Design are consistent, but are destroyed with extension goaf (3) the remaining ore pillar (2) of time Failure and the destruction of above rock (5), Abandoned golfs (3) range can also change, then need to survey and draw practical Abandoned golfs (3) Range, integrated use geophysical exploration and three-dimensional laser scanning system C-als measure Abandoned golfs (3) buried depth, height Degree and range have obtained Abandoned golfs (3) morphological feature and spread extension situation, have been handled for rational Abandoned golfs (3) Scheme provides foundation；The range of Abandoned golfs (3) is determined according to data early period and geophysical exploration, drilling must penetrate down Portion dead zone determines cavity height, accurate judgement Abandoned golfs (3) form and spread extension situation.
Blasting parameter design
Hole-by-hole initiation blasting parameter is by adjustment Hole pattern parameters, charge constitution, connection mode, firing order composition, specific packet It includes：
When Abandoned golfs (3) above rock thickness can meet bursting work safe construction requirement, in Abandoned golfs (3) Natural terrain arrangement rock drilling equipment and construction operation, drilling construction sequence is using vertical hole (1) of constructing from centre to surrounding； When the mud stream vector in drilling be more than normal loss, that is, think drilling construction to Abandoned golfs (3) above rock (5) crack Germinal layer (4) backfills drilling hole bottom (1-1) 1.0m clays, and dense extrusion；Next drilling is carried out, constructed institute successively There is design to drill, and (1-1) is backfilled to the bottom hole of each drilling.
Charging according to the charge constitution of design, filling hole bottom explosive (1-2), delay detonator (1-4) and is led quick-fried successively Rope (1-6), air-spacer (1-3), hole stage casing explosive (1-2), delay detonator (1-4) and primacord (1-6), air-spacer (1-3), hole stage casing explosive (1-2), delay detonator (1-4) and primacord (1-6), aperture filling (1-5)；Successively to all drillings Carry out charging.
Blasting network, according to design sequence main primacord (6) fire point detonator, the outer detonator of first drilling hole, second The outer detonator of drilling hole, is sequentially connected detonator outside other holes, that is, is formed between the delay detonator (1-4) in blasthole (1) using series connection Connection mode；Delay detonator (1-4) in each blasthole (1) is parallel-connected on main primacord (6), ultimately forms detonation net Network；
Firing order, delay detonator (1-4) delay close to bottom hole and hole stage casing take 600ms, the extension thunder close to aperture Pipe (1-4) delay takes 625ms, realizes In-hole short delay explosion, and hole male extension detonator (1-4) time delay interval uses 25ms, fire point Using instantaneous cap, other hole male extension detonator (1-4) time delay intervals successively increase 25ms.
When Abandoned golfs (3) above rock thickness cannot meet bursting work safe construction requirement, rock drilling equipment and apply Work industry is arranged in except Abandoned golfs (3) boundary above rock (5) moving range, and drilling construction uses angled manner, is bored The bottom hole in hole is respectively positioned in Abandoned golfs (3) top rock stratum, first construct inner ring drilling, secondly second circle drilling, successively to Outer construction；It is small close to the inner ring dip angle of hole in goaf (3) and the angle of horizontal plane, secondly second enclose dip angle of hole and horizontal plane Increase, other circle drilling angles successively increase；The control of bottom hole spacing is in the range of 30-40m between often enclosing.
When the mud stream vector in drilling be more than normal loss, that is, think that drilling construction is enclosed to Abandoned golfs (3) overlying Rock (5) cranny development layer (4) backfills drilling hole bottom (1-1) 1.0m clays, and dense extrusion；Next drilling is carried out, successively All designs of having constructed drill, and backfill (1-1) to the bottom hole of each drilling.
Charging, charging sequence is constructed successively from the inner ring close to goaf (3) to outer ring, according to the dress of design Medicine structure, successively filling hole bottom explosive (1-2), delay detonator (1-4) and primacord (1-6), air-spacer (1-3), Kong Zhong Section explosive (1-2), delay detonator (1-4) and primacord (1-6), air-spacer (1-3), hole stage casing explosive (1-2), extension thunder Manage (1-4) and primacord (1-6), aperture filling (1-5)；Charging is carried out to all drillings successively.
Blasting network, according to design sequence main primacord (6) fire point detonator, the outer detonator of first drilling hole, second The outer detonator of drilling hole, is sequentially connected detonator outside other holes, that is, is formed between the delay detonator (1-4) in blasthole (1) using series connection Connection mode；Delay detonator (1-4) in each blasthole (1) is parallel-connected on main primacord, ultimately forms initiation net.
Firing order, delay detonator (1-4) delay close to bottom hole and hole stage casing take 600ms, the extension thunder close to aperture Pipe (1-4) delay takes 625ms, realizes In-hole short delay explosion, and hole male extension detonator (1-4) time delay interval uses 25ms, fire point Using instantaneous cap, other hole male extension detonator (1-4) time delay intervals successively increase 25ms.
Because Abandoned golfs (3) balkstone is there are upper and lower two scope of freedoms, for explosion rock slag is made fully to be backfilled to cavity It is interior, it should be using the lower part scope of freedom as the rock direction of extrusion；According to the spatial shape of the Abandoned golfs (3), blasthole (1) depth, big gun Hole (1) is adjusted with the normal hole explosive payload of dead zone frontier distance and periphery and mechanical properties of rock.
Abandoned golfs explosion treatment effect assessment
Evaluation collapses the index of demolition effect to collapse rate, collapsing depth and boulder yield, slungshot, concussion of blasting, at present Abandoned golfs (3) explosion treatment effect is mainly evaluated with slump depth, i.e., what is actually measured collapses depth and theoretical calculation Slump depth compare and evaluate whether to achieve the desired results.
The calculation formula of quick-fried heap slump depth：
H0=(h+H)-HKs(1-α)
In formula, H0For quick-fried heap slump depth, m；H be Abandoned golfs (3) cavity height, m；H is on Abandoned golfs (3) Cover country rock thickness, m；KsFor the rock coefficient of volumetric expansion, 1.05-1.5 is taken；α causes Tu Yan to dish out only coefficient for periphery hole, takes 5%.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but the protection domain invented is not limited thereto, any ripe The engineers and technicians for knowing the art within the technical scope of the present invention, can do some transformation, such as change Abandoned golfs Method for evaluating hazard determines that Abandoned golfs range, modification blasting parameter design and Abandoned golfs explosion treatment effect are commented Valency etc. should all be used as and invade protection scope of the present invention.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with the guarantor of claims It protects subject to range.

Claims (1)

  1. A kind of 1. hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment Abandoned golfs method, it is characterised in that：
    1. Abandoned golfs above rock THICKNESS CALCULATION and hazard assessment：
    In formula, H Abandoned golfs above rock thickness, m；L Abandoned golfs maximum spans, m；ρ Abandoned golfs above rocks Weighted average density, kg/m3；σxAbandoned golfs above rock weighted average tensile strength allowable, KN/m2；P ground installations rush Hit load, KN/m2；p1Above ground structure is to the unit pressure of Abandoned golfs above rock, KN/m2；
    Hazard assessment standard：Hs≤ H, i.e. Abandoned golfs overlying actual measurement country rock thickness HsLess than or equal on Abandoned golfs When covering country rock thickness H, it is necessary to use hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment to Abandoned golfs above rock；
    2. using above rock caving method processing Abandoned golfs filling thickness hazard assessment：
    H1=h+Hc
    In formula, h be Abandoned golfs cavity height, m；HcThickness, m are filled for sillar；H1For caving zone height,m；M is exploits orebody thickness, m；KsFor bulking factor, 1.05-1.5 is taken；β inclines for ore body Angle, °；
    Hazard assessment standard：KsHs≤ h, i.e. Abandoned golfs overlying survey country rock thickness and the product of bulking factor is small When Abandoned golfs cavity height h, it is necessary to use hole-by-hole initiation explosion treatment to Abandoned golfs above rock；
    3. collecting mining data, practical Abandoned golfs range is surveyed and drawn, drilling verification determines Abandoned golfs boundary, after being Phase hole-by-hole initiation blast working provides the operating environment of safety；The practical Abandoned golfs range of mapping, integrated use geophysics Detection and three-dimensional laser scanning system C-als measure Abandoned golfs buried depth, height and range, have obtained Abandoned golfs Morphological feature and spread extension situation, foundation is provided for rational Abandoned golfs processing scheme；Prospecting by boring, according to early period Data and geophysical exploration determine the range of Abandoned golfs, and drilling must penetrate lower part dead zone, determine cavity height, accurately sentence Disconnected Abandoned golfs form and spread extension situation；
    4. hole-by-hole initiation blasting parameter design
    A, charge constitution, when spillage occurs in blasting boreholes construction, stopping drilling construction backfilling 1.0m clays, between to bottom hole Every powder charge, that is, explosive 4.0m and delay detonator are installed, air-spacer 4.0m are installed, then effective explosive length and extension thunder are installed Pipe installs air-spacer 6.0m, then installs explosive 10.0m and delay detonator, and aperture filling height is straight for 20-40 times of drilling Diameter；
    B, blasting network uses parallel connections mode, and wired in series mode is used between the delay detonator in blasthole；Each blasthole Interior delay detonator is parallel-connected on main primacord；
    C, firing order, the delay detonator delay close to bottom hole take 600ms, and the delay detonator delay close to aperture takes 625ms, real Existing In-hole short delay explosion；Hole male extension detonator time delay interval uses 25ms, and fire point uses instantaneous cap, other hole male extension thunders Pipe time delay interval successively increases 25ms；
    D, because of Abandoned golfs balkstone, there are upper and lower two scope of freedoms, should for explosion rock slag is made fully to be backfilled in cavity Using the lower part scope of freedom as the rock direction of extrusion；According to the spatial shape of the Abandoned golfs, blast hole depth, blasthole and dead zone boundary The normal hole explosive payload of distance and periphery and mechanical properties of rock are adjusted；
    5. Abandoned golfs explosion treatment compliance test result, is weighed using slump depth, i.e., what is actually measured collapses depth and reason It compares by the slump depth of calculating and evaluates whether to achieve the desired results；
    The calculation formula of quick-fried heap slump depth：
    H0=(h+H)-HKs(1-α)
    In formula, H0For quick-fried heap slump depth, m；H be Abandoned golfs cavity height, m；H Abandoned golfs above rock thickness, m； KsFor the rock coefficient of volumetric expansion, 1.05-1.5 is taken；α causes Tu Yan to dish out only coefficient for periphery hole, takes 5%.
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CN109211039B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-07-14 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 Strip mine mining method for high-temperature goaf
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