CN1034492C - 一种在等离子体喷管中减少电极损耗的方法 - Google Patents
一种在等离子体喷管中减少电极损耗的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1034492C CN1034492C CN93104562A CN93104562A CN1034492C CN 1034492 C CN1034492 C CN 1034492C CN 93104562 A CN93104562 A CN 93104562A CN 93104562 A CN93104562 A CN 93104562A CN 1034492 C CN1034492 C CN 1034492C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/485—Preparation involving the use of a plasma or of an electric arc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
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- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
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Abstract
在处理或分解烃以生成碳黑和氢的过程中，尤其是由天然气体或甲烷中，为了减少等离子体喷管中的电极损耗，将天然气体或甲烷混合到等离子体气体中。
Description
本发明涉及一种在等离子体喷管中，处理和分解烃时，减少电极损耗的方法。
从DD 292 920已知等离子体反应器中热解烃以生产高质量炭黑的方法。烃原料可为气态，液态或固态。可用氢或惰性气体如氩气或用氢气和烃类气体的混合物或单独用烃类气体形成等离子体。但是，并没有公开应用烃类气体和氢气的混合物作为形成等离子体的气体会减少等离子体反应器中的电极损耗或对其有任何作用。
从GB 1 400 266已知在等离子体反应器中将烃热解而生产炭黑的方法。所用装置包括位于同轴上两个相对电极。供入气态烃而形成等离子体。而且，为了更为完全地利用等离子体的热量并提高产量，在反应室的下部亦送入烃。但是，并没有公开应用烃气体作为等离子体气体会减少等离子体反应器中的电极损耗或对其有任何作用。
在等离子体喷管中，处理和分解天然气体时，将产生电极损耗，因此，在使用一段时间后，就需要补充或更换电极。这种损耗是不希望有的，因为这种损耗使得作业过程停止，既浪费时间，又影响生产，还消耗昂贵的电极材料。
一种现有的解决方案是采用可补充的石墨或碳质材料的电极，它能够不断地补充石墨或碳质材料而不污染分解的产物。这比使用非自耗的电极便宜，使用非自耗的电极比较复杂而且比较昂贵，此外还污染产物。
本发明的目的是提供一种用来分解和处理烃时，减少等离子体喷管中电极损耗的方法，不管该电极是可补充的电极还是自耗电极。
本发明的目的可以通过下列途径实现：一种减少电极损耗的方法，它用于在等离子体喷管中，在为形成碳黑和氢，在处理和分解烃过程中，尤其是由天然气体或甲烷中，其特征在于将天然气体或甲烷混合到等离子气体中。
本发明的进一步的特征是用氢作为等离子气体，为了在天然气体的基础上生产出纯的分解产物。
另一特征是把烃加入到等离子气体中，以减少电极上的热负载。
再一个特征是通过控制等离子气体中烃的掺人量来调节电极损耗。
还有一个特征是借助于一些隔离开的导入管，将天然气体引入等离子气体中。
惊人的发现是，把在喷管中将被分解的烃混合至实际的等离子气体中，以达到减少电极损耗的目的是可用的。把烃直接加入到等离子气体中，前者在发生电极损耗的实际火焰区分解成氢和碳黑，并且使生成的碳黑沉积在发生损耗的同样的区域内。这样，电极就得到一个生长，使电极的损耗能够完全地或部分地补偿，从而明显地延长了电极的寿命。
通过控制烃，例如甲烷的掺入量，以及或许还控制气体的引入区域和它的温度，就可以控制电极上的沉积，并由此达到更好的效果。
把“污染物质(pouling)”用在电极上而产生积极效果是最令人惊奇的，迄今为止，关于等离子体喷管工作方面的最大问题是，在分解过程中，电极上有许多污物。然而，利用本发明的方法，通过把天然气体与实际的等离子体气体混合，使污染效应得到控制，并且把污物引到所要求的区域。由此可以提高电极的寿命，而不需要借助于昂贵的手段，这是由于使用了可获得的，价格便宜的天然气体。如果预先用氢作为等离子气体，以确保在等离子气体的混合物中不致于由于以后的生长而发生变化，那么就能达到特别优越的效果。
分别对铜电极和石墨电极进行了试验，结果两种电极获得了同样的效果，根据本申请人自己的实验所获得的效果如附图所示，该图表示以g/kWh计的电极损耗与混入等离子体氢中的1％至10％甲烷的函数关系
从而，利用本发明，以简单的方式大大改善了等离子体喷管的工作性能。所获得的进一步的优点是，由于掺入了烃类气体，从而能够大大减少电极上的热负载，当用氢作为等离子气体时，这个效果会变得更加显著。
在利用碳质电极分解烃类气体而产生纯的分解产物的情况下，采用本发明，把烃类气体混合物引导和控制地掺入到等离子体气体中，由此能够部分地或完全地减少电极损耗。为了能够控制电极在损耗点的生长，可以根据控制参量适当调节天然气体的掺入量，这些控制参量是根据等离子体喷管的电弧电压计算出来的。
Claims (3)
1.一种在等离子体喷管中减少电极损耗的方法，其特征在于在形成等离子体的气体中混入1-10％天然气或甲烷并且天然气或甲烷的混入量根据以等离子体喷管的电弧电压为基础计算得到的以g/kWh计的电极损耗进行控制。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于用隔离开的导入管将天然气引入等离子体气体中。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于将烃加入等离子体气体中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO921361A NO175904C (no) | 1992-04-07 | 1992-04-07 | Fremgangsmåte til reduksjon av elektrodeforbruket i plasmabrennere |
| NO921361 | 1992-04-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1081997A CN1081997A (zh) | 1994-02-16 |
| CN1034492C true CN1034492C (zh) | 1997-04-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93104562A Expired - Fee Related CN1034492C (zh) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-04-06 | 一种在等离子体喷管中减少电极损耗的方法 |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0635043B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2893485B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100229365B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1034492C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE139250T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU659734B2 (zh) |
| BG (1) | BG61770B1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9306175A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2133771C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ286886B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69303167T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0635043T3 (zh) |
| EG (1) | EG20000A (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2088281T3 (zh) |
| GR (1) | GR3020665T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU218527B (zh) |
| MA (1) | MA22864A1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX187590B (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY108985A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO175904C (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL170983B1 (zh) |
| RO (1) | RO117858B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2105021C1 (zh) |
| SA (1) | SA93130549B1 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK281315B6 (zh) |
| VN (1) | VN262A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1993020151A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5484978A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1996-01-16 | Energy Reclamation, Inc. | Destruction of hydrocarbon materials |
| CN103160149A (zh) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-06-19 | 无锡双诚炭黑有限公司 | 一种炭黑反应炉及炭黑生产方法 |
| US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
| US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
| US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
| US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| US9574086B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-02-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma reactor |
| CN105940774A (zh) | 2014-01-31 | 2016-09-14 | 巨石材料公司 | 等离子体炬的设计 |
| WO2016066716A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-06 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von synthesegas |
| BR112017016692A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 | 2018-04-10 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | método e aparelho para resfriamento regenerativo |
| CN113171741A (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2021-07-27 | 巨石材料公司 | 炭黑生成系统 |
| CA3032246C (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2023-12-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Dc plasma torch electrical power design method and apparatus |
| CN108352493B (zh) | 2015-09-14 | 2022-03-08 | 巨石材料公司 | 由天然气制造炭黑 |
| DE102015218098A1 (de) | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-23 | Deutsche Lufthansa Ag | Verfahren zur thermischen Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und korrespondierende Vorrichtung |
| EP3448553A4 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2019-12-11 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | ADDING SECONDARY HEAT TO A PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PARTICLES AND APPARATUS |
| CA3060565C (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2024-03-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
| MX2019010619A (es) | 2017-03-08 | 2019-12-19 | Monolith Mat Inc | Sistemas y metodos para fabricar particulas de carbono con gas de transferencia termica. |
| CN110799602A (zh) | 2017-04-20 | 2020-02-14 | 巨石材料公司 | 颗粒系统和方法 |
| WO2019084200A1 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | PARTICULAR SYSTEMS AND METHODS |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1400266A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1975-07-16 | G N I Energet I Im G M Krzhizh | Method of producing carbon black by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon stock materials in plasma |
| DD292920A5 (de) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-08-14 | Leipzig Chemieanlagen | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochwertigen russes |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE7703258L (sv) * | 1977-03-22 | 1978-09-23 | Alfa Laval Ab | Sett att utvinna mjol och fett ur animalisk ravara |
| NO175718C (no) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-11-23 | Kvaerner Eng | Fremgangsmåte ved spalting av hydrokarboner samt apparat for bruk ved fremgangsmåten |
| NO176522C (no) * | 1992-04-07 | 1995-04-19 | Kvaerner Eng | Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av karbon med definerte fysikalske egenskaper samt apparat for gjennomföring av fremgangsmåten |
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1992
- 1992-04-07 NO NO921361A patent/NO175904C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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1993
- 1993-04-01 MA MA23155A patent/MA22864A1/fr unknown
- 1993-04-05 KR KR1019940703555A patent/KR100229365B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-05 WO PCT/NO1993/000055 patent/WO1993020151A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-04-05 BR BR9306175A patent/BR9306175A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-05 EP EP93909085A patent/EP0635043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-05 JP JP5517330A patent/JP2893485B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-05 AT AT93909085T patent/ATE139250T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-05 HU HU9402880A patent/HU218527B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-05 CA CA002133771A patent/CA2133771C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-05 AU AU39624/93A patent/AU659734B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-04-05 DK DK93909085.8T patent/DK0635043T3/da active
- 1993-04-05 SK SK1218-94A patent/SK281315B6/sk unknown
- 1993-04-05 PL PL93305519A patent/PL170983B1/pl unknown
- 1993-04-05 ES ES93909085T patent/ES2088281T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-05 RU RU94046170A patent/RU2105021C1/ru active
- 1993-04-05 RO RO94-01623A patent/RO117858B1/ro unknown
- 1993-04-05 DE DE69303167T patent/DE69303167T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-05 CZ CZ19942488A patent/CZ286886B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-05 VN VNS-496/93A patent/VN262A1/vi unknown
- 1993-04-06 EG EG42193A patent/EG20000A/xx active
- 1993-04-06 CN CN93104562A patent/CN1034492C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-06 MX MX9301977A patent/MX187590B/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-07 MY MYPI93000636A patent/MY108985A/en unknown
- 1993-05-22 SA SA93130549A patent/SA93130549B1/ar unknown
-
1994
- 1994-10-28 BG BG99142A patent/BG61770B1/bg unknown
-
1996
- 1996-07-31 GR GR960402023T patent/GR3020665T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1400266A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1975-07-16 | G N I Energet I Im G M Krzhizh | Method of producing carbon black by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon stock materials in plasma |
| DD292920A5 (de) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-08-14 | Leipzig Chemieanlagen | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochwertigen russes |
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