CN1034488C - 窗板组件 - Google Patents

窗板组件 Download PDF

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CN1034488C
CN1034488C CN89109568A CN89109568A CN1034488C CN 1034488 C CN1034488 C CN 1034488C CN 89109568 A CN89109568 A CN 89109568A CN 89109568 A CN89109568 A CN 89109568A CN 1034488 C CN1034488 C CN 1034488C
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瑟蒙·迪克松·斯特沃特
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10366—Reinforcements of the laminated safety glass or glazing against impact or intrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31525—Next to glass or quartz

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Abstract

一种玻璃/聚碳酸脂层压板装备一种边缘附件，可使层压板的轮廓挠曲减少，并可使作用在聚碳酸脂层压板上的载荷降低。

Description

窗板组件
本发明涉及窗板组件更具体地说是涉及重量轻的、玻璃和聚碳酸脂层压板的飞机挡风板，这种层压板可降低由于机舱内部压力作用而造成的挡风板挠曲和降低在挡风板聚碳酸脂层上的载荷。
当一架飞机飞向高空，机舱内的空气增压，结果，随着飞机高度的变化，飞机的内部压力也改变时，飞机机窗就受到交变载荷的影响，而作用在聚碳酸脂窗板上的交变载荷，可以导致窗板由于疲劳过早的损坏。因为聚碳酸脂的刚性同其它常用透明体材料比较起来相对地要低，交变载荷使聚碳酸脂板向外挠曲，从而改变了飞机机窗以及整架飞机的表面轮廓，为减少这种挠曲，在层压透明板中加入更硬的层，例如玻璃外板，然而，聚碳酸脂板的周边通过附件夹固在飞机构架上的，而受压时在聚碳酸脂板的中央则发生挠曲，但由于刚性较好的玻璃在其周边产生较少量的挠曲，因此在玻璃板和剩下的透明聚碳酸脂板之间的层板周边，引起该机窗透明体发生分层。
透明体对于一架飞机来说甚有用处，尤其是采用聚碳酸脂和玻璃板的飞机挡风板，这种挡风板能避免上述有害的分层现象，同时经得住对飞机的挡风板来说常遇到的巨大冲击力，而能保持透明体结构完好更是如此。
斯蒂芬尼克发明的美国专利第3,919,022号和第4,004,388号公开了一种玻璃层板窗户板的周边结构，它包括模制的，用玻璃纤维增强的，热固的树脂嵌条，粘附並搭接在视野边缘区，外侧层板的玻璃板的两面，当层压时，嵌条固化形成刚性地固定到窗户玻璃板和其它边缘材料上的刚性联接件。
罗伯特等人发明的美国专利第3,953,630号刊载出一种层压透明体组件，该组件包括一玻璃层压板，具有聚乙稀醇缩丁醛夹层和一高抗拉强度柔性嵌入物，它沿四周延伸並有一部分嵌置在夹层周边边缘内。嵌入物的一部分延伸到透明体的周边上用来把透明体安装到飞行器上。
美国斯蒂芬尼克发明的第4,004,388号专利，介绍了一种层压透明体窗户，它用一浸渍了硅酮合成橡胶粘结剂的柔性纤维带来把至少其中一块窗户层压板或加强件粘结到窗户的另一构件上。
按照本发明，提供了一种经受在内部反复加压的飞行器，例如飞机的窗板，包括一外侧刚性板固定到一内侧刚性板上。外侧板要比内侧板刚性好，在本发明的一个具体实施例中，外侧板是玻璃而内侧板是聚碳酸脂层压板。内侧板的周边边缘延伸超出外侧板的周边边缘，嵌条件固定到围绕外侧板周边边缘的主表面並遍布内侧板的周边边缘。在本发明的最佳实施例里，有一对嵌条件固定到外侧板的相对两主表面上，一刚性边缘附件固定到内侧板的边缘和嵌条的延伸部分，以使外侧板设置在由边缘附件限定的周边内。
在本发明里，当窗板受到加压载荷时，因为玻璃板比内侧聚碳酸脂层压板刚性更强，并且嵌条固定住它的周边，于是外侧玻璃层限制住窗板向外挠曲。其结果，施加在内侧聚碳酸层压板的交变载荷较小，因此疲劳应力也较小。此外，鉴于内侧聚碳酸脂层压板被限止同外侧玻璃层受到等量的挠曲，机窗就不会在它周边产生分层。
图1是体现本发明新特征的一种飞机窗户组件的局部截面视图。
图2是玻璃层和聚碳酸脂层的相对挠曲的示意说明图。
图1表示一架飞机窗户组件10的局部截面视图，它是本发明的主题。应当理解组件10可以是平面形状的，稍微弯曲的或者成型成飞机座舱盖的明显弯曲形状的。外侧玻璃层12通过夹层14固定到一个内侧聚碳酸脂层压件16上，但应当理解组件10的内侧制件也可以是，例如一单独的聚碳酸脂层或者其它的单层或多层的透明塑料组件。在图1中示出本发明的具体实施例里，固定嵌条18和20用一种高强度粘合剂，如一种能与玻璃相容的环氧树脂结构，沿外侧玻璃层12周边边缘22与该玻璃层的两相对主表面固定在一起，並遍布到组件10的边界边缘24。嵌条18和20可以是一金属制品，例如钛合金，不锈钢或织造品，诸如玻璃纤维。虽然在本发明中没有限制，但固定嵌条18和20最好是浸渍热固树脂胶的玻璃纤维，与美国斯蒂芬尼克发明的专利号3919022公开的相似，这里只引用作为参考。如果需要，玻璃层12的外侧周边可以挖去一层深度，相当于外侧嵌条18和粘合剂的厚度，因此当组件10层压成整体结构形式时，它就会有一个齐平的外侧表面。楔块26是一个填充剂材料，用来充填从玻璃层12延伸过来的在嵌条18和20之间的空隙。充填材料最好是予固化的，这样在组装时，充入充填材料后它们就不会流淌开来。组件10的周边边缘24是支撑在一固定装置上，它包括一对轻质的最好是铝的夹板28和30，组件10上的每一块板都分别有一孔32或33，它们大体上对准层板16上的穿入螺栓36的孔34，螺栓36把夹板28和30固定到组件10上去。衬套38装在孔34中，其作用是使夹板28和30间保持一定的距离。夹板28上可设孔29用以把组件10固定到飞机机身开口上。
缓冲垫挡块40充填外侧嵌条18和外侧夹板28之间的空隙。密封层42和44分别用来密封夹板28和30的内侧表面，把它们分别对着外侧镶装嵌条18和层板16密封。设置边缘密封件46围绕组件10的周边边缘48，以阻止潮气或溶剂进入组件10，这些潮气和溶剂可能引起在组件内的电气系统短路以及造成分层或其它的材料剥蚀。
如果需要，机窗外侧玻璃层12的外表面50可以涂上透明导电涂层(未示出)並接地，例如接到飞机框架(未示出)上，以收集聚集在组件10上的静电电荷。此外，由于组件10的多层设计会产生重象现象，组件10的内层表面可以涂覆上一种抗反射涂层(未示出)。聚碳酸脂层压板16的内侧表面52可涂覆上耐磨涂层(未示出)以增加它的使用寿命。嵌条18的窗外侧表面可应用耐磨涂层(未示出)以增加它的使用寿命。
当机舱增压时，组件10向外挠曲。作用在组件10上的内压载荷通过夹板28和30传递到飞机构架(未示出)上。参考图2可见由于玻璃板12是比聚碳酸脂层压板16刚性好，在相同载荷下层压板16比玻璃板12往外挠曲更大，如果玻璃层12的周边缘22没有用组件10的边缘附件钳制夹在夹板28和30之间，在加载时由于层压板16的抗弯曲力较小，层压板就有可能挠曲较大，而玻璃板12则抵抗挠曲，这将势必使玻璃板12的边缘22与装在下面的层压板16边界边缘54脱开，其结果在组件10的玻璃/层压板交界面的边界区域周围产生应力。随载荷增加，这种应力也随之增加，于是组件10就可能在它的周边周围开始分层脱开。
在图1所示本发明的具体实施例中，层压板16固定在外侧玻璃板12和玻璃纤维嵌条18和20上，嵌条18和20固定在外侧玻璃12的边界边缘22上和延伸到组件10的周边24，並夹在夹板28和30当中。组件10的挠曲是由刚性较强的外层玻璃12控制，因此宁可层压板16挠曲较小，而不使玻璃板12被迫挠曲更大以及造成在玻璃板边界区22发生分层脱开。此外，层压板16挠曲将比其不是与玻璃板12固定在一起时小，那么当受到增压载荷时，由于它在交变载荷下而遭受的疲劳应力也较少，这就能增加层压板的寿命而不致层间脱开。
虽然本发明的最佳实施例包括一对嵌条18、20如图1所示，对于一个熟练的技术人员将明显地看到，基于这种公开的启示，组件10可以只包含一单独的嵌条。特殊地，外侧嵌条18能够用来抑制外侧玻璃板12的变形而并不用内部嵌条20，而相反地也可不用外侧嵌条18而单用内侧嵌条20。
本说明书中所描述的发明形式系代表一种示例性的最佳实施例。显然，可以作各种变化而并不偏离本发明的实质。

Claims (12)

1.一种窗板组件，具有第一板和一第二板，第二板通过一中间板固定在所述第一板的一主表面以及把所述的板固定到一刚性边缘附件上去的装置，其特征在于：
所述第二板的刚性比所述第一板的刚性小些，而所述第二板的周边边缘延伸超过所述第一板的周边边缘；
一嵌条件，粘附于所述第一板的一主表面的边界边缘，所述嵌条件有一部分从所述第一板的周边边缘向外延伸到所述第二板外露的边界部分的表层；以及
固定所述嵌条件和所述第二板的边界边缘到所述刚性边缘附件上去的固定装置。
2.根据权利要求1的窗板组件，其特征为：上述板的第一板是玻璃板，上述板的第二板是塑料板。
3.根据权利要求2的窗板组件，其特征为：上述的塑料板至少包含一层聚碳酸酯。
4.根据权利要求2的窗板组件，其特征为：上述嵌条件是用一种热固性树脂浸渍的纤维玻璃材料。
5.根据权利要求2的窗板组件，其特征为：上述嵌条件是一金属嵌条。
6.根据权利要求5的窗板组件，其特征为：所述嵌条件是一钛合金嵌条。
7.根据权利要求1的窗板组件，其特征为：所述嵌条件是一粘附于所述第一板的第一主表面的第一嵌条件，另外还包含粘附于所述第一板的相对主表面的第二边界边缘的第二嵌条件，所述第二嵌条件有一部分从所述第一板的边界边缘向外延伸到所述第二板的外露边界边缘的表层，以及把所述第二嵌条件的延伸部分固定到所述刚性边缘附件的装置。
8.根据权利要求7的窗板组件，其特征为：所述边缘附件包括在飞机机身开口上固定所述窗板组件的装置。
9.根据权利要求8的窗板组件，其特征为：所述窗板组件是一飞机挡风板。
10.根据权利要求1的窗板组件，其特征为：所述嵌条件是粘附于所述第一板的第一主表面的第一嵌条件，并进一步包括粘附于所述第一板相对主表面的边界边缘的第二嵌条件，所述第二嵌条件有一部分从所第一板的周边边缘向外延伸到与所述第二板外露的边界边缘交叠，以及把所述的第二嵌条件的延伸部分固定到所述的刚性边缘附件上的装置。
11.根据权利要求10的窗板组件，其特征为：所述的嵌条件是一种用热固性树脂浸渍的纤维玻璃材料。
12.根据权利要求10的窗板组件，其特征为：所述第一板是一在外侧的玻璃板，而所述的第二板是一在内侧的塑料层压板。
CN89109568A 1988-12-30 1989-12-25 窗板组件 Expired - Fee Related CN1034488C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US292,057 1988-12-30
US07/292,057 US4933227A (en) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Aircraft windshield

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CN1044265A CN1044265A (zh) 1990-08-01
CN1034488C true CN1034488C (zh) 1997-04-09

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US (1) US4933227A (zh)
EP (1) EP0376190B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0825517B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1034488C (zh)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68915261T2 (de) 1994-12-08
US4933227A (en) 1990-06-12
EP0376190A2 (en) 1990-07-04
EP0376190B1 (en) 1994-05-11
JPH02204197A (ja) 1990-08-14
JPH0825517B2 (ja) 1996-03-13
DE68915261D1 (de) 1994-06-16
CN1044265A (zh) 1990-08-01
BR8906501A (pt) 1990-08-28
EP0376190A3 (en) 1991-01-30

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