CN103446774B - Distillation and condensation energy-saving technology based on heat pump technology - Google Patents
Distillation and condensation energy-saving technology based on heat pump technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103446774B CN103446774B CN201310312941.4A CN201310312941A CN103446774B CN 103446774 B CN103446774 B CN 103446774B CN 201310312941 A CN201310312941 A CN 201310312941A CN 103446774 B CN103446774 B CN 103446774B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distillation and condensation energy-saving technology based on a heat pump technology. The distillation and condensation energy-saving technology comprises the procedures that a raw material absorbs heat from a heat pump to achieve a preheating effect after being injected into a preheater; the preheated raw material absorbs the heat from the heat pump after being injected into a distiller, so that the temperature of the preheated raw material is further increased; one part of the raw material is evaporated, and another part of the raw material is changed into waste with afterheat; after the waste with the afterheat is injected into a heat storage device, the heat of the waste is brought away by the heat pump, and finally, the waste is discharged from the heat storage device; gas evaporated from the distiller is injected into a condenser; the heat of the gas is absorbed by the heat pump, and then the gas is changed into a liquid product which is discharged by the condenser; meanwhile, non-condensed gas is also discharged by the condenser; furthermore, the distiller is provided with a gas inlet for adjusting pressure in the distiller, so that a boiling point of the raw material can be controlled, and requirements on producing different products can be met. According to the distillation and condensation energy-saving technology, potential heat and sensible heat of a product can be fully recycled and used, and sensible heat of the waste can be fully recycled and used; the heat energy carried by the raw material can be fully exploited.
Description
Invention field
The invention belongs to Chemical Engineering Process Control field, be specifically related to a kind of distillation condensation energy-saving technique based on heat pump techniques.
background of invention
Distillation is a kind of thermodynamics separating technology, utilizes each component boiling point in mixing material or liquid-solid system different, low boiling component is evaporated, then condensation is to be separated the unit process of whole component.Distillation relates to evaporation and condensation two kinds operation.Other separation means, as: extraction, absorption etc., often need to use other solvent beyond system components.Therefore, the advantage of the way of distillation is not need to introduce new impurity.Distillation has several form.The first, the object of simple distillation mixed liquor is vaporized gradually and makes the timely condensation of steam with the lock out operation of Fractional Collections, such as: manufacture the solid impurity that distilled water wherein dissolves with place to go, also has, and manufactures Spirit with concentrated alcohol, remove portion of water.The second, rectifying (fractionation) carries out repeatedly components vaporize and partial condensation within one device, with separation of liquid mixture, wherein, realizes the lock out operation of high-purity and high-recovery by backflow.For the mixed liquor that each component volatilization degree is equal or close, in order to increase the relative volatility between each component, can add solvent or salt when rectifying is separated, this kind of lock out operation is called special distillation, comprising sequence of constant boiling and rectification, extracting rectifying and salt distillation; To there is chemical reaction in addition when rectifying between each component of mixed liquor, be called reactive distillation.Rectifying is most widely used general, such as: oil can be isolated the various ingredients such as gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene and heavy oil through fractionation.Therefore, distillating method has very important application in industrial production and people's daily life.3rd, distillation is through the lock out operation by a components vaporize after being heated by liquid mixture.Usually, liquid mixture is heated to uniform temperature under a certain pressure, then inject the container that lower stage pressure is lower, unexpected dilatation makes partially liq be vaporizated into the process of steam.The system of multiple such process composition claims multistage flash evaporation.It is one of major way manufacturing distilled water or desalinization.Distillation is power consumption process, and the application of heat recovery technology is very crucial.Waste heat refers to the limitation by factors such as history, technology, theories, in the energy-dissipating device put into operation, the sensible heat that original design is not used appropriately and latent heat, comprising: high-temp waste gas waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, waste vapour waste water residual heat, high-temperature product and afterheat of slags, chemical reaction waste heat, combustible exhaust gas waste liquid and waste material waste heat etc.According to investigation, the waste heat total resources of every profession and trade account for 17% ~ 67% of its fuel consumption total amount, and the residual heat resources of recoverable are about 60% of waste heat total resources.
The recycling approach of waste heat is a lot.In general, comprehensive utilization waste heat is best, and being secondly direct utilization, is indirect utilization again.Except high-quality thermal source has important use, in fact, low temperature also can be used for heating or utilize absorption heat pump to improve the quantity of heat or temperature for production and life.Waste heat recovery apparatus brief review is as follows.The first, heat pipe waste-heat recoverer, is the heat-exchanger rig utilizing the efficient heat transfer characteristic of heat pipe and environmental suitability thereof to manufacture, is mainly used in industrial energy saving field, extensively can reclaims the discarded thermal source be present in gaseous state, liquid state, solid state medium.Second, various types of heat exchanger, substantially three major types can be divided namely: dividing wall type, hybrid and heat accumulating type, heat exchanger can be used as heater, cooler, condenser, evaporimeter and reboiler etc. in Chemical Manufacture, is widely used according to the principle of cold and hot fluid exchange heat and mode.
Current heat recovery technology is mainly based on traditional residual-heat utilization technology heat being sent to cryogenic substance from high temperature material.According to the second law of thermodynamics, in its natural state, heat all can only forward cold place to by hot forever, has irreversibility.Therefore, traditional heat recovery technology reaches under cold and hot two ends reach certain poised state, can not make full use of waste heat.These heat recovery technologies can be summarized as passive type heat recovery technology.
Heat pump is that a kind of high potential that utilizes makes heat flow to the device of high-order thermal source from low level heat energy.Heat pump can extract heat for heat supply from low-temperature heat source.The heating load of heat pump is far longer than the mechanical energy that it consumes, heat pump techniques is a kind of power-saving technology of low temperature heat thus, be a kind of active heat transfer technology, can low-grade heat source be made full use of, and common heat recovery technology be difficult to utilize low-grade heat source.Based on the energy regenerating of heat pump techniques, it is the class new and high technology that environment gets energy, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of distillation condensation energy-saving technique based on heat pump techniques is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Step (1) raw material injects preheater, and the heat absorbed from heat pump reaches pre-heat effect;
Raw material after preheater preheats is injected distiller by step (2), raw material absorbs the heat from heat pump, regulate pressure in distiller by the air inlet (gas outlet) of distiller simultaneously, control the boiling point of raw material, the temperature of raw material is raised further, part material evaporates, and another part raw material becomes is with the waste material had surplus heat to inject thermal storage device;
The temperature of the waste material in step (3) thermal storage device is taken away by heat pump, and when the temperature of waste material is lower than predetermined temperature, waste material is discharged by thermal storage device, and described predetermined temperature is determined according to actual conditions or concrete technology.
Become gaseous state by liquid state after part raw materials evaporate in step (4) distiller and produce phase transformation, the gas of generation is injected in condenser, and its heat is siphoned away by heat pump, again undergoes phase transition, gas liquefy product, and product is discharged by condenser; The fixed gas simultaneously do not undergone phase transition in distiller is discharged from condenser.
The gas that in described distiller, part material phase transformation generates is the gaseous product separated through raw material, and have higher temperature, its heat is siphoned away by heat pump within the condenser and is transported to preheater, passes to raw material; This heat of preheater assists preheating material, and the raw material after preheating is injected distiller, forms recycle heat.
Waste material with having surplus heat in described distiller injects thermal storage device, and the temperature of the waste material in thermal storage device is siphoned away by heat pump and is transported in distiller, passes to raw material, for auxiliary heating raw material, forms recycle heat.
The present invention utilizes heat pump techniques absorb heat from cold junction and transfer heat to the characteristic in hot junction, and the low grade residual heat of cold junction material is fully utilized, and can, by the delivered heat of cryogenic substance to high temperature material, be even that a class saves exsertile technique.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1. the latent heat of product and sensible heat carry out reclaiming and utilizing by the present invention fully.
2. the sensible heat of waste material carries out reclaiming and utilizing by the present invention fully.
3. heat pump techniques allows heat absorbing end (cold junction) and heats to hold (hot junction) to have the larger temperature difference, and not by the restriction of refrigerant temperature in heat pump, it is a kind of active heat transfer type, and traditional heat transfer technology is passive type heat transfer technology, by the restriction of refrigerant temperature, that is, heat pump techniques is only responsible for the heat of heat absorbing end to be transported to heat end, instead of rely on the heat of refrigerant self, therefore, heat pump techniques is in heat recovery with in utilizing, and efficiency is significantly higher than the recuperation of heat mode of tradition based on heat transfer technology.
4. the present invention allows the temperature of product and waste material to be less than the temperature of raw material out and away, fully exploited the heat energy that raw material is self-contained, and the heat energy of raw material self comes from environment, and therefore, this technique is that environment gets energy technology, environmental protection, obvious energy conservation in essence.
5. the present invention is more general distillation condensation process, is applicable to producing different chemical products and daily necessities, such as: the techniques such as alcohol fractionation, medical distilled water, desalinization.
In sum, the present invention is that the widely used distil process of chemical process provides effective energy saving technique scheme, has good practical value and versatility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is base apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is base apparatus of the present invention and the technique application schematic diagram in field of seawater desalination.
In figure, the first heat pump 1, second heat pump 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
Step (1) raw material injects preheater, and the heat absorbed from the second heat pump 2 reaches pre-heat effect;
Raw material after preheater preheats is injected distiller by step (2), raw material absorbs the heat from the first heat pump 1, regulate pressure in distiller by the air inlet (gas outlet) of distiller simultaneously, control the boiling point of raw material, the temperature of raw material is raised further, part material evaporates, and another part raw material becomes is with the waste material had surplus heat to inject thermal storage device;
The temperature of the waste material in step (3) thermal storage device is taken away by the first heat pump 1, and when the temperature of waste material is lower than predetermined temperature, waste material is discharged by thermal storage device, and described predetermined temperature is determined according to actual conditions or concrete technology.
Become gaseous state by liquid state after part raw materials evaporate in step (4) distiller and produce phase transformation, the gas of generation is injected in condenser, and its heat is siphoned away by the second heat pump 2, again undergoes phase transition, gas liquefy product, and product is discharged by condenser; The fixed gas simultaneously do not undergone phase transition in distiller is discharged from condenser.
The gas that in described distiller, part material phase transformation generates is the gaseous product separated through raw material, and have higher temperature, its heat is siphoned away by the second heat pump 2 and is transported to preheater within the condenser, passes to raw material; This heat of preheater assists preheating material, and the raw material after preheating is injected distiller, forms recycle heat.
Waste material with having surplus heat in described distiller injects thermal storage device, and the temperature of the waste material in thermal storage device is siphoned away by the first heat pump 1 and is transported in distiller, passes to raw material, for auxiliary heating raw material, forms recycle heat.
As shown in Figure 1, a clock base apparatus of present invention process comprises distiller, condenser, preheater, thermal storage device, the first heat pump 1 and the second heat pump 2.Preheater heats end be connected with feed conduit, preheating material pipeline, the second heat pump 2, distiller heats end be connected with band waste heat waste pipe, preheating material pipeline, boil-off gas pipeline, admission line, the first heat pump 1, and condenser is connected with boil-off gas pipeline, product pipeline, non-condensable gas pipeline, the second heat pump 2 heat absorbing end; Thermal storage device is connected with band waste heat waste pipe, waste pipe, the first heat pump 1 heat absorbing end; Wherein preheater is connected by preheating material pipeline with distiller, and distiller is connected by being with waste heat waste pipe with thermal storage device, and distiller is connected by boil-off gas pipeline with condenser.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is as follows in conjunction with the application of its base apparatus field of seawater desalination again:
Step (1) seawater raw material injects preheater, and the heat absorbed from the second heat pump 2 reaches pre-heat effect;
Seawater after preheater preheats is injected distiller by step (2), Absorption by Sea Water is from the heat of the first heat pump 1, regulate pressure in distiller by the air inlet (gas outlet) of distiller simultaneously, control the boiling point of seawater, the temperature of seawater is raised further, part evaporation of seawater, another part seawater becomes is with the strong brine had surplus heat to inject thermal storage device;
The temperature of the strong brine in step (3) thermal storage device is taken away by the first heat pump 1, and when the temperature of strong brine is lower than predetermined temperature, waste material seawater is discharged by thermal storage device;
Become gaseous state by liquid state after part seawater low-temperature evaporation in step (4) distiller and produce phase transformation, the gas of generation is injected in condenser, and its heat is siphoned away by the second heat pump 2, again undergoes phase transition, and gas becomes fresh water and discharged by condenser; The fixed gas (air) simultaneously do not undergone phase transition in distiller is discharged from condenser.
Wherein, the gas that in distiller, the phase transformation of part seawater generates is the steam separated through seawater, and have higher temperature, its heat is siphoned away by the second heat pump 2 and is transported to preheater within the condenser, passes to seawater; This heat of preheater assists pre-hot sea water, and the seawater after preheating is injected distiller, forms recycle heat.
Strong brine with having surplus heat in distiller injects thermal storage device, and in thermal storage device, the temperature of strong brine is siphoned away by the first heat pump 1 and is transported in distiller, passes to seawater, for auxiliary heating seawater, forms recycle heat.
The temperature of the second described heat pump 2 heat absorbing end (refrigeration) is far smaller than and heats end (heating), in condenser, the temperature of fresh water is much smaller than the temperature of preheater Raw seawater, the latent heat of fresh water not only absorbs by the present invention completely, and the recovery utilization rate of sensible heat is much larger than common heat exchange mode.Secondly, in thermal storage device, strong brine has higher temperature, and sensible heat is siphoned away by the first heat pump 1 and is transported to distiller, and then passes to pre-hot sea water.The temperature of the first heat pump 1 heat absorbing end is far smaller than and heats end, and in thermal storage device, the temperature of strong brine is much smaller than the temperature of seawater in distiller, and the present invention fully employs the sensible heat of strong brine, and its recovery utilization rate is much larger than common heat exchange mode.
The temperature of the fresh water that the present invention discharges and waste material can be less than the temperature of raw material seawater.In other words, the self-contained sensible heat (from natural environment and solar energy) of raw material seawater is made full use of by the present invention, thus greatly reduces based on the additional thermal energy required for the desalination process of distillation mode.Therefore, the energy-saving effect of this desalination process scheme is very remarkable.
Claims (1)
1., based on a distillation condensation energy-saving technique for heat pump techniques, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1) raw material injects preheater, and the heat absorbed from heat pump reaches pre-heat effect;
Raw material after preheater preheats is injected distiller by step (2), raw material absorbs the heat from heat pump, regulate pressure in distiller by the air inlet of distiller simultaneously, control the boiling point of raw material, the temperature of raw material is raised further, part material evaporates, and another part raw material becomes is with the waste material had surplus heat to inject thermal storage device;
The temperature of the waste material in step (3) thermal storage device is taken away by heat pump, and when the temperature of waste material is lower than predetermined temperature, waste material is discharged by thermal storage device, and described predetermined temperature is determined according to actual conditions or concrete technology;
Become gaseous state by liquid state after part raw materials evaporate in step (4) distiller and produce phase transformation, the gas of generation is injected in condenser, and its heat is siphoned away by heat pump, again undergoes phase transition, gas liquefy product, and product is discharged by condenser; The fixed gas simultaneously do not undergone phase transition in distiller is discharged from condenser;
The gas that in described distiller, part material phase transformation generates is the gaseous product separated through raw material, and the heat of this gaseous product is siphoned away by heat pump within the condenser and is transported to preheater, passes to raw material; This heat of preheater assists preheating material, and the raw material after preheating is injected distiller, forms recycle heat;
Waste material with having surplus heat in described distiller injects thermal storage device, and the temperature of the waste material in thermal storage device is siphoned away by heat pump and is transported in distiller, passes to raw material, for auxiliary heating raw material, forms recycle heat.
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| CN104383704B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-06-15 | 燕山大学 | A kind of step heating system to the preheating of gas fractionator inlet feed |
| SG10201605165XA (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-01-30 | Matthias Enzenhofer | Humidity Management Device, Potable Water Generation System And Method |
| CN107253743A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-17 | 张琦 | A kind of device and preparation method that contaminant water is cleaned into drinking water |
| CN112742052A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-05-04 | 安徽金禾实业股份有限公司 | Continuous distillation equipment of heat sensitive material |
| CN112694145B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-02-28 | 苏州翔云节能科技有限公司 | Energy-saving industrial wastewater concentration device and industrial wastewater concentration method |
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| WO2012159203A1 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-29 | Saltworks Technologies Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for concentrating solutions using evaporation |
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| US4357153A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-11-02 | Erickson Donald C | Internally heat pumped single pressure distillative separations |
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Effective date of registration: 20170802 Address after: 310019, room 2, building 211, building 9, nine Sheng Lu, Jianggan District, Zhejiang,, Hangzhou Patentee after: Hangzhou Australia automation equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: 442001 Shiyan province Hubei City Park Zhangwan District Road No. 49 building 3, unit 1, No. 101 Patentee before: Li Shaobing |