CN103442665A - 植入体 - Google Patents

植入体 Download PDF

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CN103442665A
CN103442665A CN201280015825XA CN201280015825A CN103442665A CN 103442665 A CN103442665 A CN 103442665A CN 201280015825X A CN201280015825X A CN 201280015825XA CN 201280015825 A CN201280015825 A CN 201280015825A CN 103442665 A CN103442665 A CN 103442665A
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collar
implant
joint component
suture
bone
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CN103442665B (zh
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A.埃克伦
S.戈捷
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DePuy Ireland ULC
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
    • A61F2002/30364Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
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Abstract

描述一种植入体(20)、假体及其使用方法。植入体包括关节构件(24),关节构件具有承载表面(60)和相反表面(62),相反表面布置成联接到关节成形植入体(22)的近侧颈部部分(26)上,关节成形植入体(22)联接到骨上。套环(28)布置成联接到关节构件的相反表面上。套环限定颈部孔(70),颈部孔布置成围绕关节构件和关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分之间的联接部。套环和关节构件包括用以将套环固定到关节构件上的互补性联接装置。套环进一步包括用以将套环联接到骨碎片或软组织上的多个附连部分(74)。假体包括植入体和关节成形植入体,关节成形植入体具有布置成联接到长骨的端部上的远侧部分和近侧颈部部分。

Description

植入体
技术领域
本发明大体涉及矫形手术,并且特别地,涉及肩假体。更特别地,本发明涉及形成肱骨假体的一部分的植入体。特别地,植入体包括用以抵靠着关节窝植入体或天然关节窝腔体作关节运动的关节构件。本发明还涉及组装好的假体,以及使用肱骨假体的肩关节成形手术。
背景技术
由于各种各样的原因,天然肩关节可经受退化变化,例如关节炎。备选地,肩关节可骨折,或者以别的方式受到外力的损害。当肩关节充分地退化或受损时,用假体肩关节代替天然肩关节可为必要的。传统的肩假体包括可选地具有关节窝植入体的肱骨植入体。
典型地,肱骨植入体包括用于插入到大体沿着骨的纵向轴线延伸到髓内管中的膛孔中的杆,以及关节构件,诸如凸形承载头。典型地,关节构件联接到杆的颈部部分上,颈部部分相对于杆的远侧部分的纵向轴线以一倾斜角从髓内管延伸,以便重新建立天然关节的布置。
当肱骨的上端骨折时,肱骨一般破裂成几块,典型地三块或四块。特别地,对于图1中示出的四块式骨折,肱骨头2在线4指示的解剖颈部的高度处分裂,大结节6和小结节8与结节下面的肱骨轴10分开,并且结节6、8沿着二头肌凹槽12与彼此分开。在三块式骨折中,大结节6或小结节6、8仍然附连到肱骨头2上。对于三块式骨折和四块式骨折两者,由于肱骨头2不再有供血,所以可开始有坏死。
为了修复四块式骨折或三块式骨折,更换肱骨头,并且将大结节或小结节重新附连到肱骨轴上。用于修复四块式骨折的已知肩假体提供附连到杆上的凸块或翅片,它们结合用以接收缝线的孔,以将结节和诸如回旋肌的软组织联接到假体上。缝线孔的正确定位对于适应软组织与天然关节中的肱骨的不同的附连点是至关重要的。典型地,通过半关节成形手术来修复三块式和四块式肱骨骨折,因为不会损伤关节窝腔体,所以不需要对其进行更换。
某些已知的假体会遭受用于将骨碎片和软组织联接到植入体上的附连点的位置不灵活的问题,这可导致经修复的关节失去活动性。
2010年5月7日以DePuy(爱尔兰)的名义提交的英国专利申请1007656.0(其结合在本文中用于各种目的)公开了一种可旋转的套环,其布置成联接到肱骨植入体的颈部部分上,诸如延伸到髓内管中的肱骨杆。套环布置成位于关节构件和包围肱骨植入体的天然骨之间。套环包括板,板在其周缘周围限定多个缝线孔或预先附连的缝线,缝线孔或缝线允许分离的骨碎片(包括大结节或小结节)联接到植入体上。可形成缝线罩,其从套环延伸,围绕分离的骨碎片,并且延伸回到板的相对的部分,以使骨碎片保持就位。套环使关节构件与骨隔开,并且可因此干涉关节构件的正确定位。
本发明的实施例的目标是消除或减轻现有技术中的一个或多个问题,不管是本文标识的还是别处标识的。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种植入体,包括:关节构件,其包括承载表面和相反表面,相反表面布置成联接到关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分上,关节成形植入体联接到骨上;以及布置成联接到关节构件的相反表面上的套环,套环限定颈部孔,颈部孔布置成围绕关节构件和关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分之间的联接部,套环和关节构件包括用以将套环固定到关节构件上的互补性联接装置;其中,套环进一步包括用以将套环联接到骨碎片或软组织上的多个附连部分。
本发明的第一方面的优点在于,套环提供用于将分离的骨碎片和软组织联接到关节构件上的多个附连点。因为关节构件和套环是分开的,所以可在关节构件不就位的情况下,将套环定位在关节空间和联接到套环上的骨碎片中,因此这给外科医生提供更多可操作的空间。然后,在将关节构件固定到关节成形植入体上之前,可将关节构件和套环联接在一起。套环围绕关节构件和近侧颈部部分之间的联接部,使得套环和近侧颈部部分之间没有直接接触。
在优选实施例中,套环接收在关节构件的相反表面中的凹陷中,使得关节构件和骨之间没有额外构件,以及使得关节构件和骨之间由于套环而没有间隙。结果是,植入体看起来像是传统的承载头植入体。当与支承额外的附连点的关节成形植入体一起使用时,可提供缝线,缝线从套环延伸到关节成形植入体,以形成包围骨碎片的罩。这使骨碎片固定就位,而且还对关节构件和远侧植入体构件之间的连接增加刚性。本发明特别适合形成肱骨假体的一部分,以修复三块式或四块式肱骨骨折,并且特别地,适合固定包括大结节和小结节的骨碎片。
关节构件的相反表面可包括凹陷,并且套环可布置成接收在凹陷中。
关节构件的相反表面可包括容座,容座从凹陷的基部突起,并且布置成接收关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分的端部,凹陷在容座和限定承载表面和关节构件的相反表面之间的边界的缘边之间以环形延伸,其中,套环的颈部孔布置成经过容座。
互补性联接装置可包括具有对应的螺纹的凹陷和套环。备选地,互补性联接装置可包括凹陷和套环中的一个包括的外凸部分,以及凹陷和套环中的另一个包括的内凹部分,外凸部分和内凹部分中的至少一个布置成在套环插入到凹陷中时有弹性地变形,使得外凸部分接合内凹部分,以将套环固定到凹陷上。套环和凹陷分别可包括第一防旋转装置和第二防旋转装置,当套环插入到凹陷中时,第一防旋转装置和第二防旋转装置互锁,使得套环无法在凹陷内旋转。
套环可为盘形,并且附连部分可设置在套环的周缘的附近。
多个附连部分中的至少一个可包括布置成接收和固定缝线的第一端的缝线孔。
多个附连部分中的至少一个可包括附连的缝线,其从套环延伸。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种假体,包括:根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的植入体;以及关节成形植入体,其具有布置成联接到长骨的端部上的远侧部分,以及近侧颈部部分。
颈部部分可沿着相对于远侧部分的纵向轴线倾斜的轴线延伸,以及其中,当套环联接到关节构件上,以及关节构件联接到近侧颈部部分上时,套环可位于垂直于颈部轴线的平面上。
关节成形植入体可包括关节成形板,其包括布置成固定到骨的表面上的固接板,以及连接组件,连接组件从固接板延伸而形成近侧颈部部分。
连接组件可包括:从固接板延伸的筒体,其具有穿过固接板的膛孔;以及布置成在筒体的膛孔内滑动的连接杆,以及其中,连接组件可结合调节机构和锁定机构,调节机构布置成使连接杆滑入或滑出筒体,而锁定机构布置成锁定连接杆在筒体内的位置,以刚性地隔开关节构件与固接板。
固接板可包括可联接到连接组件上的头部部分,以及布置成沿着骨的侧表面向远侧延伸的伸长本体部分,伸长本体部分包括多个紧固件孔,紧固件孔布置成接收用于将固接板固定到骨上的骨紧固件。
固接板头部部分可包括至少一个缝线孔,缝线孔布置成接收从套环延伸的缝线,以将骨碎片和软组织固定到固接板和套环上。
近侧颈部部分可包括锥形部分,并且关节构件的相反表面可包括对应的锥形容座,它们布置成使得当近侧颈部部分的端部插入到锥形容座中时,形成将关节构件固定到关节成形植入体上的锥形锁定。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种手术方法,包括:在骨的端部处移除关节表面的至少一部分;将关节成形植入体的远侧部分联接到骨的端部上,关节成形植入体进一步包括从远侧部分延伸的近侧颈部部分;用缝线将骨碎片固定到套环上,缝线在骨碎片或附连软组织和形成于套环中的多个附连部分中的至少一个之间延伸;将套环和关节构件的相反表面的互补性装置联接在一起,以将套环固定到相反表面上,关节构件进一步包括承载表面;以及将关节构件联接到关节成形板的近侧颈部部分上,使得套环的颈部孔围绕关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分和关节构件之间的联接部。
将关节成形植入体的远侧部分联接到骨的端部上可包括:将形成关节成形植入体的远侧部分的固接板固定到骨的骨折端的侧表面上,固接板联接到连接组件上,连接组件限定近侧颈部部分,并且包括具有膛孔的筒体,以及连接杆,连接杆布置成在筒体的膛孔内滑动;将连接杆滑入或滑出筒体,以调节连接杆从筒体延伸的长度;以及锁定连接杆在筒体内的位置,以刚性地隔开关节构件与固接板。
固接板可进一步包括在筒体的附近的头部部分,头部部分限定至少一个缝线孔,其中,方法可进一步包括:
将缝线穿在套环的附连部分和固接板的头部部分中的至少一个缝线孔之间,缝线穿过骨碎片或附连软组织,以将骨碎片固定到套环和固接板上。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅以示例的方式来描述本发明,其中:
图1示出近侧肱骨的四块式骨折;
图2示出根据本发明的第一实施例的植入体以及关节成形板;
图3显示根据本发明的第二实施例的植入体,以及植入肱骨的端部上的图2的关节成形板(将骨示出为透明的,以露出植入的关节成形板的内部细节);
图4是图2的植入体的分解图,其显示套环与关节构件分开;
图5是图2的植入体的组装好的视图;
图6a至6e示出用于植入图2的植入体和关节成形板的手术方法的步骤;
图7是根据本发明的第二实施例的、图3中示出的植入体的分解图;以及
图8是图7的组装好的植入体的横截面图。
具体实施方式
首先参照图2,此图示出根据本发明的第一实施例的植入体20和关节成形板22。植入体20包括布置成联接到关节成形板22的近侧颈部部分26上的关节构件24。植入体20进一步包括套环28,套环28布置成接收在关节构件24的相反表面中的凹陷30中。将理解的是,在本发明的备选实施例中,套环可不完全接收在凹陷中,或者可以没有凹陷,使得套环只是联接到关节构件的相反表面上。图3示出关节成形板22联接到近侧肱骨10的侧表面32上,使得近侧颈部部分26延伸通过三块式或四块式肱骨骨折的骨折骨,以及联接到植入体20上。图3示出根据本发明的第二实施例的植入体120联接到关节成形板22上。在下面关于图4和5更详细地描述植入体20的第一实施例。在下面关于图7和8更详细地描述植入体120的第二实施例。
在2011年2月4日以Depuy(爱尔兰)的名义提交的英国专利申请1101896.7中更详细地描述关节成形板22,该申请结合在本文中用于各种目的。现在也将简要地描述关节成形板22。
如上面提到的那样,用于肩假体的传统肱骨植入体包括用于插入到延伸到肱骨的髓内管中的膛孔中的杆,以及关节构件。关节构件联接到杆的颈部部分上,颈部部分相对于杆的远侧部分的纵向轴线以一倾斜角从髓内管延伸。但是,将肱骨杆植入到髓内管中会显著地损伤骨。图2和3中示出的以及在英国专利申请1101896.7中更详细地描述的关节成形板22会减少必须在固接板34固定到骨的侧表面上时移除的天然骨的量。关节成形板22结合长度调节装置,长度调节装置允许肱骨头植入体20和固接板34之间的距离改变,以调节肩关节中的软组织张力,以及可选地间隔开肱骨头植入体20与骨,以避免进一步损伤骨折的骨。
通过定位在形成于近侧肱骨32中的膛孔中的连接组件38来将肱骨头植入体20联接到固接板24上。对于修复三块式或四块式肱骨骨折,典型地肱骨轴10在大结节6和小结节8的下面骨折。固接板34在形状上设置成使得连接组件38大体承坐在骨折线上方,以及使得在实践中不必形成膛孔,而是可修整分离的骨碎片部分,以匹配在连接组件38周围。
在图2中的透视图中示出关节成形板22。固接板34包括布置成与肱骨侧表面相一致的伸长本体部分40和头部部分42。本体部分40结合了多个螺纹孔44,以用图3中显示的骨螺钉36将板40固定到肱骨32上。提供槽形螺纹孔46,以在最初将板40固定到骨上。通过槽形孔46将螺钉插入到骨中,以在固接板40永久地附连之前,允许板40沿着骨滑动。缝线孔48设置在头部部分42周围,以将软组织和骨碎片固定到固接板40上。特别地,缝线50可从套环28延伸到固接板34的头部部分42,以固持骨碎片,如图3中示出的那样,以及如下面将关于图6a至6e更详细地描述的那样。
板34进一步包括一体地形成的空心筒体52,空心筒体例如以135°横向于板的纵向轴线从板延伸,以重新建立近侧肱骨的天然解剖结构。筒体52形成连接组件38的一部分。连接组件38进一步包括用以调节锥体54和固接板34之间的距离的调节机构。锥体54布置成接收在关节构件24中的对应的锥形容座中,如将在下面更详细地描述的那样。连接组件38进一步包括锁定机构,以使调节机构锁定就位,以及阻止锥体54和固接板34之间的进一步移动。调节机构和锁定机构共同允许外科医生选择性地隔开关节构件24与固接板34,然后将构件锁定在一起,使得联接是刚性的。有利地,联接允许关节构件24与骨隔开,使得载荷仅传递到固接板,如果肱骨头骨折严重的话,这可为合乎需要的。固接板34沿着肱骨延伸得足够远,以确保它可固定到完整的骨上。备选地,关节构件24可支靠在骨上,使得载荷部分地传递到天然骨。调节机构允许调节还原的关节内的软组织张力。未在本文中进一步描述连接组件38,但可在英国专利申请1101896.7中找到另外的细节。
现在也参照图4和5,将更详细地描述肱骨头植入体20的第一实施例。如上面提到的那样,肱骨头植入体20包括关节构件24和套环28。图4显示了分开的关节构件24和套环28,并且图5显示关节构件24和套环28联接在一起。
关节构件24包括凸形承载表面60和包括凹陷30的相反表面62。凸形承载表面60可由球体的一部分限定。相反表面62基本由凹陷30占据,如示出的那样,凹陷30延伸跨过相反表面62在缘边64内的几乎全部宽度。凹陷30围绕着从凹陷的基部突起到大约缘边64的高度的容座66延伸。容座66限定锥形膛孔,并且布置成对关节成形板22的颈部部分26的端部处的锥体54形成锥形锁定。
特别地,在植入期间,关节构件24布置成使得锥体54接收在容座66中,以及对凸形承载表面60施加压紧力,以将两个构件锁定在一起。将理解的是,在本发明的备选实施例中,容座66和关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分26之间的联接可改变,例如,它们可通过螺纹而联接,或者可用埋头螺钉固定它们。
凹陷30在容座66周围形成环形环。容座66的外边缘设有螺纹68。套环28包括螺纹孔70,使得在使套环28保持不动的同时旋转关节构件24会使套环旋到凹陷30中,以将构件锁定在一起。当如图5中显示的那样组装好时,套环28完全接收在凹陷30内,使得套环28与缘边64齐平,或凹陷。有利地,这意味着凸形承载头可完全承坐在骨上,如果需要的话,而不像英国专利申请1007656.0中公开的套环。套环28进一步包括孔72,以接收用以在使套环28保持不动的同时联接到关节构件24上的仪器,如下面关于图6d和6e更详细地描述的那样。
围绕套环28的周缘的是缝线孔74。缝线可穿过一个孔,再穿过第二孔返回,以将骨碎片和诸如回旋肌的软组织固定到套环上,如将在下面关于图6a至6e更详细地描述的那样。缝线孔74可如示出的那样围绕套环28的整个周缘均匀地隔开,或者它们可集中在套环的一部分中,在使用中,套环的该部分将位于特定的骨碎片(诸如大结节和小结节)附近。缝线孔74可具有大约2.5 mm的直径。如图3中示出的那样,缝线可从套环中的缝线孔74延伸到固接板40的头部部分42中的缝线孔48。在备选实施例中,为了代替缝线孔74,或者除了缝线孔74之外,套环28可具有永久地联接到或预先附连到套环28上的缝线50。例如可通过压接或拴系到缝线孔74上来附连缝线。预先附连的缝线中的一些或全部可在用于联接到骨或软组织上的针和/或锚定件处终止,或者备选地,可使用传统手术技术来将缝线附连到骨或软组织上。针或锚定件可为完全传统的,所以将不对其进行进一步的描述。
现在将关于图3和6a至6e来描述用于植入图2的肱骨头植入体和关节成形板,以修复骨折的肱骨头的手术。将理解的是,手术的细节例如可根据外科医生的偏好而改变。如上面论述的那样,本发明的关节成形板和肱骨头植入体可适用于修复三块式或四块式近侧肱骨骨折。在四块式近侧肱骨骨折中,肱骨头是未联接到任何软组织上且失去供血的自由碎片。大结节和小结节是分离的。附连的回旋肌使大结节向前和向后移置,而附连的肩胛下肌向内侧牵引小结节。通过拉动胸大肌来向内侧移置肱骨轴的骨折端。三块式骨折是不同,因为大结节或小结节仍然附连到肱骨头上,这因此由于肩胛下肌腱而在内部旋转。
外科医生首先必须接近骨折的肱骨头。患者定位成使得允许外科医生自由地接近受伤的肩部,例如处于“海滩睡椅”位置,受伤的手臂自由地垂悬,从而对后面的手臂操作提供空间。可使用荧光透视法来检查骨折,包括在内旋和外旋下。可使用三角肌照射来标识喙骨、肩峰(acromium)和三角肌插入。在胸大肌和三角肌之间形成间隔,并且切割线从喙骨向远侧延伸。
通过12-14 cm的切口进行照射。可使用自持牵引器来使切口保持打开。必须仔细识别和牵引头静脉。向内侧牵引喙肱肌,并且将三角肌间隔的底部处的胸大肌插入定位成允许形成肩峰下空间,以使近侧三角肌活动。
然后可移除分离的肱骨头(在三块式骨折的情况下,在从大结节或小结节上释放头部之后)。可提供一系列大小的肱骨头植入体20,以匹配患者的天然肱骨头。例如通过比较肱骨头与测量其高度和曲率半径的量具来选择大小合适的关节构件24。各个关节构件24可具有对应的套环28,或者各个关节构件可具有标准大小的凹陷30,以接收单尺寸套环28。还必须从下面的软组织上释放结节,从而在使小结节和附连的肩胛下肌腱活动时,仔细保护腋神经。释放结节,使得允许它们联接到彼此上,以及联接到关节成形板上,从而围绕假体。
在英国专利申请1101896.7中更详细地描述了用于植入关节成形板的手术技术,但在这里也对其进行了总结。刚开始,将试板应用于肱骨的表面。试板大体可与固接板34相同,并且特别地,骨接触表面可为相同的形状。但是,试板不包括筒体52,所以它可自由地定位在近侧肱骨的侧表面上面。试板的后侧对准二头肌槽。
试板进一步包括布置成导引2 mm的导线的导引件。导线表明假体头部(关节构件24)将在哪里居中。这允许外科医生看清试头将相对于距骨区域和结节处于正确的位置。使导线缓慢地前进,并且可在荧光透视法下检验轨线。导线用来暂时将试板固定到骨上。可将试头联接到导线上。当正确地定位时,试头的下面应当对准肱骨头的内端。
一旦已经确认了试头的位置,外科医生就需要移除肱骨头的关节表面的剩余碎片。典型地,关节表面可能已经骨折,或者与肱骨分离。如果需要,可使用钻铰复合刀具来形成用以接收筒体52的膛孔。备选地,筒体52可在肱骨轴10的骨折线上方延伸,或者可能需要最少的骨移除。
然后可在连接组件38延伸向肱骨头的原始位置的情况下将固接板34固定到肱骨侧表面上。可暂时将试头208联接到锥体54上,以检查颈部轴线的最终位置。
然后可使用连接组件38内的调节机构来调节试头的位置,以确定肱骨头植入体20的所需位置。可在还原肩关节之前或之后确定试头的位置,或者可在肩关节还原之后执行另外的调节。然后将连接组件锁定就位,并且移除试头。
参照图6a,在关节成形板已经固定到骨上之后,将套环28联接到骨碎片上,并且特别地,利用缝线50联接到大结节或小结节上。图6a显示穿有五个缝线50的套环28,但未显示结节。刚开始,将缝线松散地联接到骨碎片上,以允许套环28被操纵而固定到关节构件24上,如图6b中显示的那样。由于缝线可穿过骨质疏松的骨中的结节碎片时,优选地,缝线另外穿过回旋肌腱(cuff tendon)或仅穿过回旋肌腱。对于本发明的第一实施例的肱骨头植入体20,将关节构件24旋到套环28中,同时使套环28保持不动,如将在下面关于图6d和6e所描述的那样。然后通过将锥体54插入到容座60中,以及对肱骨头植入体20施加压紧力,来将肱骨头植入体20固定到关节成形板22上,如图6c中显示的那样(为了清楚,没有示出骨)。然后把将骨碎片联接到套环28上的缝线50固定到关节成形板22上,并且拉紧缝线50,以形成包围骨碎片的缝线罩。缝线罩对关节成形板22和肱骨头植入体20之间的联接提供额外的刚性。
参照图6d,显示了关节成形板22固定到肱骨轴10上,以及缝线50联接到套环28上。为了清楚,未将大结节6或小结节8联接到缝线50上。显示了骨折的肱骨头2被从肱骨上移除。使用套环把手80来使套环28保持不动,套环把手80具有布置成接合孔72的成对的尖头(不可见)。关节构件24具有在容座60的基部处的六角形槽口82,六角形槽口82布置成被螺丝刀84接合,以相对于套环28旋转关节构件24,以固定螺纹68、70,如图6e中显示的那样。将理解的是,缝线50必须保持松驰,直到关节构件24已经旋到套环28中,以允许84螺丝刀有接近槽口82的空间。
如果需要,可通过使用连接组件38内的调节机构来调节锥体54和固接板34之间的距离,来在关节构件24和结节之间提供压缩。备选地,关节构件24可移离固接板34,以拉紧套环28和关节成形板22的头部部分42之间延伸的缝线50。
现在参照图7和8,这些图示出根据本发明的第二实施例的肱骨头植入体120。第二肱骨头植入体120大体类似于图4和5中示出的植入体20,所以对应的特征由增大了100的相同参考标号标识。对于第一实施例,肱骨头植入体120包括关节构件124和套环128。图7显示了分开的关节构件124和套环128,而图8则显示了当它们联接在一起时的截面。图3另外示出了当联接到关节成形板22上时的本发明的第二实施例120。
关节构件124包括凸形承载表面160,以及包括凹陷130的相反表面162。凸形承载表面160可由球体的一部分限定。相反表面162基本被凹陷130占据,示出了凹陷130延伸跨过相反表面162在缘边164内的几乎全部宽度。凹陷130围绕着容座166延伸,容座166是锥形的,并且布置成对关节成形板22的颈部部分26的端部处的锥体54形成锥形锁定。
凹陷130在容座166周围形成环形环。容座166的外边缘设有环形肋180。套环128包括孔182,孔182由对应于容座166的外部形状的隆起的缘边184限定,而且包括环形凹槽186。缘边184能够有弹性地变形,使得当被压到容座166上面时,缘边184扩大,以允许凹槽186接合肋180。套环128搭扣配合到关节构件124上,使得在套环已经通过缝线连接到骨碎片和软组织上之后,套环可在关节构件124联接到锥体54上之前联接到关节构件124上。当如图8中显示的那样组装好时,套环128完全接收在凹陷130内,使得套环128与缘边164齐平,或者是凹陷。
关节构件124进一步包括在凹陷130内的孔190,并且套环128包括布置成接收在孔190内的销192。当销和孔联接在一起时,销和孔阻止套环相对于关节构件旋转。
在套环128的周缘周围的是缝线孔174。对于肱骨头植入体的第一实施例,缝线可预先附连到套环上。如果缝线设置成预先附连到套环上,则关节构件可在植入体传给外科医生之前联接到套环上。但是,提供独立的套环的优点在于,当使骨碎片和软组织固定就位时,植入体的大小减小,这给外科医生提供更大的操作空间。
除了上面描述的用于将套环固定到关节构件上的螺纹配合和搭扣配合选择之外,将容易地显而易见的是,可用其它方式将两个构件联接在一起。例如,关节构件的相反表面中的凹陷可为锥形的,并且套环可具有锥形边缘和/或锥形颈部孔,以与凹陷形成锥形锁定。备选地,可用螺钉或螺栓固定它们,例如使螺钉或螺栓穿过套环进入到关节构件的相反表面中。其它联接选择对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
已经在上面主要描述了本发明的植入体形成肱骨假体的一部分。植入体特别适于修复肩骨折征兆,因为典型地存在三部分或四部分的骨折骨,并且因此套环有助于固持骨碎片。但是,植入体也可形成植入另一个长骨的端部处的模块化假体的一部分。例如,套环可形成修复臀骨折的股骨假体的一部分。通常,股骨骨折跨过颈部。但是,对于一些形式的股骨骨折,存在多个骨折骨部分,所以本发明的植入体可用于使骨碎片固定就位。
根据本文的教导,本发明的其它修改和应用将是容易地显而易见的,而不偏离所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (19)

1. 一种植入体,包括:
包括承载表面和相反表面的关节构件,所述相反表面布置成联接到关节成形植入体的近侧颈部部分上,所述关节成形植入体联接到骨上;以及
布置成联接到所述关节构件的所述相反表面上的套环,所述套环限定颈部孔,所述颈部孔布置成围绕所述关节构件和所述关节成形植入体的所述近侧颈部部分之间的联接部,所述套环和所述关节构件包括用以将所述套环固定到所述关节构件上的互补性联接装置;
其中,所述套环进一步包括用以将所述套环联接到骨碎片或软组织上的多个附连部分。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述关节构件的所述相反表面包括凹陷,并且所述套环布置成接收在所述凹陷中。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述关节构件的所述相反表面包括容座,所述容座从所述凹陷的基部突起,并且布置成接收关节成形植入体的所述近侧颈部部分的端部,所述凹陷在所述容座和限定所述关节构件的所述承载表面和所述相反表面之间的边界的缘边之间以环形延伸,其中,所述套环的所述颈部孔布置成经过所述容座。
4. 根据权利要求2或权利要求3所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述互补性联接装置包括所述凹陷和所述套环具有的对应的螺纹。
5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述互补性联接装置包括所述凹陷和所述套环中的一个包括的外凸部分,以及所述凹陷和所述套环中的另一个包括的内凹部分,所述外凸部分和所述内凹部分中的至少一个布置成在所述套环插入到所述凹陷中时,有弹性地变形,使得所述外凸部分接合所述内凹部分,以将所述套环固定到所述凹陷上。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述套环和所述凹陷分别包括第一和第二防旋转装置,当所述套环插入到所述凹陷中时,所述第一防旋转装置和所述第二防旋转装置互锁,使得所述套环无法在所述凹陷内旋转。
7. 根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述套环为盘形,并且所述附连部分设置在所述套环的周缘的附近。
8. 根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述多个附连部分中的至少一个包括布置成接收和固定缝线的第一端的缝线孔。
9. 根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的植入体,其特征在于,所述多个附连部分中的至少一个包括附连的缝线,其从所述套环延伸。
10. 一种假体,包括:
根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的植入体;以及
关节成形植入体,其具有布置成联接到长骨的端部上的远侧部分,以及近侧颈部部分。
11. 根据权利要求10所述的假体,其特征在于,所述颈部部分沿着相对于所述远侧部分的纵向轴线倾斜的轴线延伸,以及其中,当所述套环联接到所述关节构件上,并且所述关节构件联接到所述近侧颈部部分上时,所述套环位于垂直于所述颈部轴线的平面上。
12. 根据权利要求10或权利要求11所述的假体,其特征在于,所述关节成形植入体包括关节成形板,所述关节成形板包括布置成固定到骨的表面上的固接板,以及连接组件,所述连接组件从所述固接板延伸而形成所述近侧颈部部分。
13. 根据权利要求12所述的假体,其特征在于,所述连接组件包括:从所述固接板延伸的筒体,其具有穿过所述固接板的膛孔;以及布置成在所述筒体的所述膛孔内滑动的连接杆,以及其中,所述连接组件结合调节机构和锁定机构,所述调节机构布置成使所述连接杆滑入或滑出所述筒体,所述锁定机构布置成锁定所述连接杆在所述筒体内的位置,以刚性地隔开所述关节构件与所述固接板。
14. 根据权利要求12或权利要求13所述的假体,其特征在于,所述固接板包括可联接到所述连接组件上的头部部分,以及布置成沿着所述骨的侧表面向远侧延伸的伸长本体部分,所述伸长本体部分包括布置成接收骨紧固件的多个紧固件孔,以将所述固接板固定到所述骨上。
15. 根据权利要求14所述的假体,其特征在于,所述固接板头部部分包括布置成接收从所述套环延伸的缝线的至少一个缝线孔,以将骨碎片和软组织固定到所述固接板和所述套环上。
16. 根据权利要求10至15中的任一项所述的假体,其特征在于,所述近侧颈部部分包括锥形部分,并且所述关节构件的所述相反表面包括对应的锥形容座,它们布置成使得当所述近侧颈部部分的所述端部插入到所述锥形容座中时,形成锥形锁定,从而将所述关节构件固定到所述关节成形植入体上。
17. 一种手术方法,包括:
在骨的端部处移除关节表面的至少一部分;
将关节成形植入体的远侧部分联接到所述骨的所述端部上,所述关节成形植入体进一步包括从所述远侧部分延伸的近侧颈部部分;
用缝线将骨碎片固定到套环上,所述缝线在所述骨碎片或附连的软组织和形成于所述套环中的多个附连部分中的至少一个之间延伸;
将所述套环和关节构件的相反表面的互补性装置联接在一起,以将所述套环固定到所述相反表面上,所述关节构件进一步包括承载表面;以及
将所述关节构件联接到所述关节成形板的所述近侧颈部部分上,使得所述套环的颈部孔围绕所述关节成形植入体的所述近侧颈部部分和所述关节构件之间的联接部。
18. 根据权利要求17所述的手术方法,其特征在于,将关节成形植入体的远侧部分联接到所述骨的所述端部上包括:
将形成所述关节成形植入体的远侧部分的固接板固定到所述骨的骨折端的侧表面上,所述固接板联接到连接组件上,所述连接组件限定所述近侧颈部部分,并且包括具有膛孔的筒体和连接杆,所述连接杆布置成在所述筒体的所述膛孔内滑动;
使所述连接杆滑入或滑出所述筒体,以调节所述连接杆从所述筒体延伸的长度;以及
锁定所述连接杆在所述筒体内的位置,以刚性地隔开所述关节构件与所述固接板。
19. 根据权利要求18所述的手术方法,其特征在于,所述固接板进一步包括在所述筒体附近的头部部分,所述头部部分限定至少一个缝线孔,其中,所述方法进一步包括:
将缝线穿在所述套环的所述附连部分和所述固接板的所述头部部分中的所述至少一个缝线孔之间,所述缝线穿过骨碎片或附连的软组织,以将所述骨碎片固定到所述套环和所述固接板上。
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