CN103441803A - Underground low-frequency wireless communication system based on low-power small electric antenna - Google Patents
Underground low-frequency wireless communication system based on low-power small electric antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an underground low-frequency wireless communication system based on a low-power small electric antenna. The underground low-frequency wireless communication system comprises a transmitting end FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) digital control module, a power amplification and impedance matching module, a small-sized very low frequency transmitting antenna, a small-sized very low frequency receiving antenna, a receiving end filtering and amplifying module, a receiving end FPGA digital control module and an upper computer which are sequentially connected with one another. The underground low-frequency wireless communication system can be used for overcoming the detects of large size and high transmitting power of a conventional very low frequency antenna by using a magnetic induction manner for replacing an electromagnetic wave communication manner and completing the directional wireless communication between the undergrounds and between the underground and the ground surface and can also be used as an independent module to complete the middle and short-distance wireless transmission of underground sensor data to a ground surface receiving device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground low frequency wireless communication system based on the low-power electronically small antenna, the technical field that belongs to low frequency communication system integrated circuit (IC) design under earth's surface, be particularly related to the design of the electronically small antenna (ESA, electrically small antenna) of LF communication between a kind of node of realizing being embedded in soil.
Background technology
Wirelessly lower sensor network (WUSN) can be realized the monitoring of underground environment, such as the content of the water in soil and mineral matter, and the Oil spills of oil reservoir, plate motion, the monitoring of landslide and earthquake, be quite to enliven at present and promising research field.Yet, because transmission medium is no longer air, but soil, rock and water, radio communication has certain challenge for underground environment.For the ground lower channel, in order to walk around the barriers such as rock, the technical staff must use LF communication, and this makes antenna size very large, is not suitable for being embedded in underground.Thereby caused the perfect radio signal propagation technology of use electromagnetic wave (EM) well not work in underground environment.Therefore, under the condition that guarantees LF communication, how dwindling the Focal point and difficult point that antenna size becomes the research that realizes at present underground communication, is also one of study hotspot of current low frequency underground communication.
Replacing traditional electromagnetic wave radio communication, utilize induced field to communicate, is one of key technology that can solve the underground communication large-size antennae.Magnetic strength communication can make antenna size much smaller than wavelength, and its communication distance is far away in addition, decays little, so it is more suitable for the wirelessly lower sensor network system that frequency is low.
At present, the research of underground communication mainly concentrates on the mine district, tunnel, and the environment of the underground spaciousness such as underground garage, and still utilize frequency electromagnetic waves to communicate, due to the problem of technical difficulty, the research that utilizes magnetic strength to communicate is few.Carry out following two units of mainly containing of this research: 1) SunZhi of Georgia Tech, by contrast electromagnetic wave (EM) communicate by letter with magnetic strength path loss and the bandwidth of (MI), proposes a kind of method that increases propagation distance.They are tested in the mine district, and to channel model, channel capacity etc. are studied.But its propagation medium remains air, be not that node is embedded in soil.2) bandwidth that the R.R.A.Syms of Imperial College structures the formation to linear and cross topological structure, energy density, theoretical research is carried out in the emission refraction of different medium etc.In addition, its student summarizes to its work, from other angles, carries out emulation, but all stops at theory analysis, does not carry out actual experiment.
The antenna size size of communication is relevant to specific implementation, current communication system employing electromagnetic communication mode, due to antenna length and communication wavelengths comparable, make in the situation that very low frequency (VLF) communication, antenna size reaches several kms, is not easy to burying underground of node; And the system of support electromagnetic communication is applied in soil while communicating by letter, it is very large that its transmitting power also requires, and this needs us again to plan underground communication issue.
Summary of the invention
Be directed to above-mentioned technological deficiency, the present invention is based on magnetic induction principle and design a kind of small size very low frequency magnetic strength electronically small antenna, make only by less transmitting power, just can make the coupled signal power of receiving terminal antenna reach distinguishable rank, and, for receiving terminal designs analog filtering and the multistage amplifier circuit that a solution power frequency is disturbed, realize Digital Modulation, the demodulation in this communication system based on field programmable gate array FPGA simultaneously.Native system can be used and be underground---the underground and underground---directional radio communication between ground, can be used as standalone module and complete the in-ground sensor data short-distance and medium-distance wireless transmission of receiving device earthward.
This communication system comprises transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module, power amplification and impedance matching module, small size VLF transmit antennas, small size vlf receiving antenna, receiving terminal filter and amplification module, receiving terminal FPGA digital control module, the host computer be linked in sequence.Transmitting terminal FPGA numerical control system and receiving terminal FPGA digital control module, it comprise cyclone II chip, flash chip, A D conversion chip, D A conversion chip, channel selecting chip.The low and middle-end FPGA that wherein cyclone II chip is altera corp, be used for realizing modulation logic, D A interface driver logic, A D interface drive logic, demodulation logic; The flash that the flash chip is external 64M is used for the storing received data; A the D conversion chip be 8 A the D conversion chip be used for producing the analog signal after modulation; D A conversion chip is that the signal after 8 D A conversion chips are used for receiving terminal is amplified is sampled; The channel selecting chip be used for controlling D A gather the signal of different amplification.
Described power amplification and impedance matching module are the transmitting terminal analog circuits consisted of power amplification circuit and impedance matching circuit, wherein, power amplification circuit carries out the prime amplification by operational amplifier, form accurate complementary output level circuit to improve the electric current fan-out capability by pliotron, impedance matching circuit comprises the transformer that the input impedance of the output impedance that makes circuit and load circuit is complementary, thereby makes load obtain maximum power.
Described small size VLF transmit antennas and small size vlf receiving antenna, for self being perceptual square coil, are pure resistive by connect to make to transmit and receive loop with resonant capacitance.So-called small size very low frequency refers on size and is far smaller than the wavelength that transmits, respective value scope well known in the art, and such as the square coil that transmitting antenna can be set is length of side 0.8m, very low frequency also has corresponding known implication in this area.Modulation signal is loaded into loop, magnetic strength antenna place through power amplification and after carrying out impedance matching, and in coil, the current signal of alternation can make in the transmitting coil near field range to occur the magnetic field changed with the signal rule; The structure of reception antenna is identical with transmitting antenna, and the receiving coil in the transmitting antenna near field range goes out electromotive force by the magnetic field induction of alternation, and this small-signal is carried out just can obtaining modulation signal after pre-amplification, active bandpass filiter, multistage amplification.Due to current-carrying coil normal direction magnetic field intensity, in theory with the cube rule decay of distance, as long as control transmitting terminal power and communication distance well, the signal that receiving coil is coupled to just can identify fully after filter and amplification.
Described receiving terminal filter and amplification module comprises pre-amplification circuit, bivalent high-pass filter, eight rank active band-pass filters, the multistage amplifier circuit connected in turn.General site of deployment power frequency serious interference, power frequency and most of odd harmonic thereof all belong to the very low frequency category, and the antenna of accepting based on the magnetic strength principle is easy to be coupled into power frequency component, the letter that signal and power frequency are disturbed/disturb than sometimes even be less than-30dB.So solution power frequency and odd harmonic thereof are the large technological difficulties that the present invention need to solve to the interference of signal, and this key problem in technology point is the design of analog filtering amplifying circuit.In order to reach filter effect preferably, in the present invention, at first the magnetic strength antenna adopts the series resonance mode, resonance frequency is signal center frequency, then induced signal is exported after the cascade filtering by second order passive high three-way filter and eight rank active band-pass filters, thereby, under the prerequisite that has effectively suppressed the power frequency interference, extract useful signal.In order to improve the response time to received signal, amplifier section adopts multistage amplification, FPGA controls the signal of AD multichannel cycle detection different gains not at the same level, by the amplitude detection algorithm, automatically selects suitable passage, thereby has effectively reduced the gain-adjusted time of tradition from gain amplifier.
Described host computer is used for monitoring each channel signal waveform and relevant parameter, and as peak-to-peak value, signal amplification factor etc. is gone forward side by side, line frequency is composed, Digital Filter Analysis.This host computer designs based on the LabView graphical programming software, can receive the data that FPGA sends by the UART interface, and can refresh in real time the waveform that shows each passage, have for a certain passage waveform and calculate received power, carry out in real time Fourier transform, and draw out the functions such as spectrogram.This host computer not only brings great convenience to debugging, also can be as the host computer data processing terminal.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is underground wireless LF communication system general diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is underground wireless LF communication system transmitting terminal circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is underground wireless LF communication system receiving terminal of the present invention filtering, amplification circuit diagram;
Fig. 4 is underground wireless LF communication system multistage amplifier circuit operation principle of the present invention and digital processing schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is underground wireless LF communication system FPGA of the present invention and host computer communication scheme;
Fig. 6 is of the present invention underground---the underground communication schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is of the present invention underground---the ground communication schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is underground wireless LF communication system general diagram of the present invention.As shown in the figure, communication system adopts coil magnetic strength mode to carry out radio communication, has solved the bottleneck of traditional VLF antenna large scale and large transmitting power.This communication system comprises transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module, power amplification and impedance matching module, small size VLF transmit antennas, small size vlf receiving antenna, receiving terminal filter and amplification module, receiving terminal FPGA digital control module, the host computer be linked in sequence.Transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module is converted to analog signal by digital signal modulated, this analog signal is loaded into the small size VLF transmit antennas through power amplification and impedance matching module, magnetic field around the alternating current produced in transmitting antenna makes changes with signal is regular, the small size vlf receiving antenna goes out signal by the magnetic field induction changed, the signal induced carries out the frequency-selecting amplification through receiving terminal filter and amplification module, signal after amplification is converted to digital signal again, after receiving terminal FPGA digital control module is processed, sends to host computer.
Fig. 2 is underground wireless LF communication system transmitting terminal circuit diagram of the present invention.FPGA by signal carry out after Digital Modulation by D A be converted to analog signal, by low pass filter decay D the high-frequency signal that produces in the A conversion, then filtered signal is sent to power amplification circuit.Can detect rank for signal that receiving terminal is coupled to is reached, thereby need suitably to increase electric current in transmitting coil, strengthen the magnetic field intensity around it.In order to reach this purpose, transmitting coil and electric capacity are formed to series resonant circuit, radiating circuit input impedance is approached pure resistive, thereby make power amplifier produce larger resonance current with less output voltage, reduced the burden of power amplifier.
Fig. 3 is underground wireless LF communication system receiving terminal of the present invention filtering, amplification circuit diagram.From figure, can see, and transmitting coil is similar, receiving coil same with resonant capacitance formation series resonant circuit, different, the effect of resonant circuit herein be to coil-induced to signal carry out preliminary frequency-selecting, suppress a part of noise; At first the upper voltage signal of resonant capacitance carries out elementary amplification to strengthen signal power through the high input impedance amplifying circuit, for suppress power frequency with and the interference of industrial frequency harmonic, then signal is carried out to the passive high-pass filtering of second order, then by active eight rank band pass filters, signal is further selected, finally the signal after the filtering frequency-selecting is carried out to multistage amplification.
Fig. 4 is underground wireless LF communication system multistage amplifier circuit operation principle of the present invention and digital processing schematic diagram.The conventional variable gain amplifier needs the signal amplitude after certain adjusting time makes to amplify stable within the specific limits, in order to improve the response time to received signal, amplifier section of the present invention adopts multistage amplification mode, FPGA is by the signal of channel to channel adapter cycle detection different amplification, sample and analyzed by AD, once find that the signal of effective breadth appears in certain passage, just selected this passage immediately, to the data from this passage collection carry out further digital filtering, demodulation obtains digital signal.Thereby effectively reduced the gain-adjusted time of tradition from gain amplifier.
Fig. 5 is underground wireless LF communication system FPGA of the present invention and host computer communication scheme.Host computer plays an important role in can not only debugging at the scene, also can process as data center the in-ground sensor data that FPGA sends in actual applications simultaneously.The major function of host computer has: the reception signal waveform that shows in real time receiver, calculate according to time domain waveform effective value and multiplication factor the power that receives signal, time-domain signal is carried out Fourier transform and demonstrates frequency-domain waveform, by the variable element digital filter, waveform is carried out to further Filtering Analysis.
Fig. 6 is of the present invention underground---the underground communication schematic diagram.This communication system can lower poweredly realize that signal propagates in soil, and when square coil that the small size antenna is length of side 0.8m, propagation distance all can reach 30m, thereby carries out the monitoring of underground environment.
Fig. 7 is of the present invention underground---the ground communication schematic diagram.This communication system can be used as standalone module and is applied to the in-ground sensor data short-distance and medium-distance wireless transmission of receiving device earthward.By adjusting aerial angle, native system still can reach underground collection signal at 30m to the distance of transmitting as standalone module on the ground, thereby completes the task that underground monitoring information is converged to the ground server.
The underground wireless LF communication system of a kind of low-power electronically small antenna based on magnetic strength proposed by the invention, by adopting magnetic induction way to replace the electromagnetic communication mode, has solved the shortcoming of traditional VLF antenna large scale, large transmitting power.According to the antenna basic principle, if adopt traditional electromagnetic communication mode, the size of VLF antenna need reach several kms and signal effectively could be radiate, existing very low frequency (VLF) communication be with relatively high power by signal loading to the emission that realizes signal on the antenna of several kms.And the magnetic strength antenna in the present invention is far smaller than the wavelength that transmits at first dimensionally, installation is easy to carry, and pass through resonance, the alternately conversion of the magnetic field that transmitting coil produces and the electric field of series capacitance, make the active loss of energy less, this resonance manner has also reduced the driving power of transmitting terminal power amplifier.
Above disclosed be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit interest field of the present invention with this, the equal variation of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (6)
1. the underground low frequency wireless communication system based on the low-power electronically small antenna, it is characterized in that, this communication system comprises transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module, power amplification and impedance matching module, small size VLF transmit antennas, small size vlf receiving antenna, receiving terminal filter and amplification module, receiving terminal FPGA digital control module, the host computer be linked in sequence; Wherein, transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module is converted to analog signal by digital signal modulated, this analog signal is loaded into the small size VLF transmit antennas through power amplification and impedance matching module, magnetic field around the alternating current produced in transmitting antenna makes changes with signal is regular, the small size vlf receiving antenna goes out signal by the magnetic field induction changed, the signal induced carries out the frequency-selecting amplification through receiving terminal filter and amplification module, signal after amplification is converted to digital signal again, after receiving terminal FPGA digital control module is processed, sends to host computer.
2. communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transmitting terminal FPGA digital control module and receiving terminal FPGA digital control module be comprise cyclone II chip, flash chip, A D conversion chip, D A conversion chip, channel selecting chip.
3. communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power amplification and impedance matching module are the transmitting terminal analog circuits consisted of power amplification circuit and impedance matching circuit, wherein, power amplification circuit carries out the prime amplification by operational amplifier, form accurate complementary output level circuit by pliotron, impedance matching circuit comprises the transformer that the input impedance of the output impedance that makes circuit and load circuit is complementary.
4. communication system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described small size VLF transmit antennas and small size vlf receiving antenna, for self being perceptual square coil, are pure resistive by connect to make to transmit and receive loop with resonant capacitance.
5. communication system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described receiving terminal filter and amplification module comprises pre-amplification circuit, bivalent high-pass filter, eight rank active band-pass filters, the multistage amplifier circuit connected in turn.
6. communication system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described host computer is used for monitoring each channel signal waveform and relevant parameter go forward side by side line frequency spectrum, Digital Filter Analysis.
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