CN102096111B - Transmitting-receiving antenna separation type nuclear magnetic resonance water exploring device and water exploring method - Google Patents
Transmitting-receiving antenna separation type nuclear magnetic resonance water exploring device and water exploring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置及找水方法。计算机通过串口与大功率电源、发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元、信号采集单元连接,发射及控制单元通过控制总线经H桥路与配谐电容、发射线圈和二极管连接构成。本发明将发射天线和接收天线分离,使发射系统和接收系统能够相互独立。其优点是:一是,实现了发射和接收的高低压隔离,提高了系统的可靠性;二是,使发射天线和接收天线的匝数、尺寸、线径、铺设方式等多个方面不再相互制约,提高了接收信号的幅度,增加探测深度,提高探测的速度,远端参考能够抵消干扰,提高信噪比,通过三分量测量能够获取更全面的地下水分布信息,提高了探测效率、精度和水平分辨率。
The invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device and a water finding method with separated transceiver antennas. The computer is connected with a high-power power supply, a transmitting and control unit, a current acquisition unit, a frequency selection amplification unit, and a signal acquisition unit through a serial port, and the transmitting and control unit is formed by connecting a matching capacitor, a transmitting coil and a diode through a control bus through an H-bridge circuit. The invention separates the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, so that the transmitting system and the receiving system can be independent of each other. Its advantages are: first, it realizes the high and low voltage isolation of transmitting and receiving, which improves the reliability of the system; Mutual restraint improves the amplitude of the received signal, increases the detection depth, and improves the detection speed. The remote reference can offset the interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Through the three-component measurement, more comprehensive groundwater distribution information can be obtained, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved. and horizontal resolution.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种地球物理勘探设备及方法,尤其是收发天线与核磁共振找水装置分离的核磁共振找水装置及野外工作方法。The invention relates to a geophysical exploration equipment and method, in particular to a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device and a field working method in which a transceiver antenna and a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device are separated.
背景技术 Background technique
核磁共振方法(Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method,简称SNMR方法)。NMR method (Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method, referred to as SNMR method).
CN201051151公开了一种核磁共振找水仪,由发射系统、信号接收系统、微机控制与记录系统三部分组成,DC/DC变换器一端连接电池,另一端连接超强储能器;超强储能器与大功率交流方波发生器连接,其中间设有开关K1,大功率交流方波发生器还与共振频率发生器、开关K2、K3连接;开关K2与K3之间串接发射线圈和配谐电容器组;K3、K4分别连接超低噪声放大器,再连接相关检测放大器,再连接检波器和相位检测器,检波器连接A/D转换器并连接微机控制与记录系统,相位检测器与共振频率发生器和A/D转换器连接并连接微机控制与记录系统。本实用新型有益效果为:体积、重量小,仪器工作安全性、可靠性大大提高,能量利用率高,频率稳定性好。CN201051151 discloses a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding instrument, which consists of three parts: a transmitting system, a signal receiving system, a microcomputer control and a recording system, one end of the DC/DC converter is connected to a battery, and the other end is connected to a super-strong energy storage device; the super-strong energy storage The high-power AC square wave generator is connected with a high-power AC square wave generator, with a switch K1 in the middle, and the high-power AC square wave generator is also connected with the resonance frequency generator, switches K2, and K3; Harmonic capacitor bank; K3 and K4 are respectively connected to the ultra-low noise amplifier, then connected to the relevant detection amplifier, and then connected to the detector and phase detector, the detector is connected to the A/D converter and connected to the microcomputer control and recording system, the phase detector and the resonance The frequency generator and the A/D converter are connected and connected with the microcomputer control and recording system. The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the volume and weight are small, the working safety and reliability of the instrument are greatly improved, the energy utilization rate is high, and the frequency stability is good.
上述发明的核磁共振仪及其方法具有较高的测量精度,单点测量精确,但有一个不足,那就是测量一个点的只能得到很大的一个范围内是否有水(例如100m*100m线圈测试面积为1万平方米),难以实现水体的精确定位。The nuclear magnetic resonance instrument of above-mentioned invention and method thereof have higher measurement precision, and single-point measurement is accurate, but has a shortcoming, and that is exactly whether there is water (for example 100m*100m coil) in a very large range that can be obtained by measuring a point The test area is 10,000 square meters), and it is difficult to accurately locate the water body.
如果把发射天线与接收天线分离进行核磁共振地下水探测,利用收发天线分离的方法就可以进行一个发射、多个接收线圈接收核磁共振信号,可以精确定位地下水体,将大大提高寻找目的层的准确度。收发天线分离的方法可以提高探测的效率与精度,也避免了许多重复工作,节省了资金、人力、时间。If the transmitting antenna is separated from the receiving antenna for nuclear magnetic resonance groundwater detection, one transmitting and multiple receiving coils can receive nuclear magnetic resonance signals by using the method of separating the transmitting and receiving antennas, which can accurately locate the groundwater body and greatly improve the accuracy of finding the target layer . The method of separating the transmitting and receiving antennas can improve the efficiency and accuracy of detection, and also avoid a lot of repeated work, saving money, manpower, and time.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置;The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nuclear magnetic resonance water-finding device with separated transceiver antenna for the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art;
本发明的另一目的提供一种收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置的找水方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for finding water of a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas.
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:
计算机通过串口与大功率电源、发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元、信号采集单元连接,发射及控制单元通过控制总线经H桥路与配谐电容、发射线圈和二极管连接,发射及控制单元经高压继电器和接收线圈与选频放大单元连接,发射及控制单元通过控制总线与电流采集单元、信号采集单元并联连接构成。The computer is connected to the high-power power supply, transmitting and control unit, current acquisition unit, frequency selection amplifier unit, and signal acquisition unit through the serial port. The transmitting and control unit is connected to the matching capacitor, transmitting coil and diode through the control bus through the H-bridge circuit. and the control unit are connected to the frequency selection amplifying unit through the high-voltage relay and the receiving coil; the transmitting and control unit is connected in parallel with the current acquisition unit and the signal acquisition unit through the control bus.
H桥路上连接有配谐电容、发射线圈和二极管,大功率电源为H桥路供电。A matching capacitor, a transmitting coil and a diode are connected to the H-bridge circuit, and a high-power power supply supplies power to the H-bridge circuit.
选频放大单元是由通讯模块经MCU和DDS时钟产生模块与开关电容滤波器连接,接收线圈经配谐电容选择、前置放大器、带通滤波和开关电容滤波器与程控增益模块连接构成。The frequency selection amplifying unit is composed of a communication module connected with a switched capacitor filter through an MCU and a DDS clock generation module, and a receiving coil connected with a program-controlled gain module through a matching capacitor selection, a preamplifier, a bandpass filter, and a switched capacitor filter.
信号采集单元是由MCU经时钟控制与采集开始定时器、采集时间定时器、采样频率定时器连接,采样频率定时器与ADC连接,核磁共振信号经ADC、数据转换与MCU连接,时钟控制通过信号线分别与高精时钟、采集同步连接,MCU通过信号线分别与485通信、存储器连接构成。The signal acquisition unit is connected to the acquisition start timer, acquisition time timer, and sampling frequency timer by the MCU through the clock control, the sampling frequency timer is connected to the ADC, the nuclear magnetic resonance signal is connected to the MCU through the ADC, data conversion, and the clock control passes the signal The wires are respectively connected to the high-precision clock and the acquisition synchronously, and the MCU is connected to the 485 and the memory through the signal wires.
收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置的找水方法,包括以下顺序和步骤工:The method for finding water of the separate-type NMR water finding device for transmitting and receiving antennas includes the following sequence and steps:
a、在一个地下条件未知的测区,首先利用磁力仪测量当地地磁场B0(nT),通过fL(Hz)=0.04258*B0(nT)换算出拉莫尔频率;a. In a survey area with unknown underground conditions, first use a magnetometer to measure the local geomagnetic field B 0 (nT), and convert the Larmor frequency by f L (Hz)=0.04258*B 0 (nT);
b、由拉莫尔频率和发射线圈电感计算选择发射配谐电容,设置发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元和信号采集单元所需要的控制参数;b. By the Larmor frequency and the inductance of the transmitting coil Calculate and select the emission matching capacitor, and set the control parameters required by the emission and control unit, current acquisition unit, frequency selection amplification unit and signal acquisition unit;
c、在测区铺设一个收发线圈,根据收发线圈的电感计算选频放大单元所需的配谐电容 c. Lay a transceiver coil in the survey area, and calculate the matching capacitance required by the frequency selection amplifier unit according to the inductance of the transceiver coil
d、运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置控制软件,开始数据采集;d. Run the control software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to start data collection;
e、数据采集完成后,运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置解释软件,反演得到地下水的含水量、孔隙大小、含水层的导电性等信息,绘制含水量柱状图,测量完毕。e. After the data collection is completed, run the interpretation software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to invert to obtain information such as groundwater water content, pore size, and conductivity of the aquifer, draw a water content histogram, and complete the measurement.
发射:发射及控制单元产生当地拉莫尔频率的发射方波,方波经过驱动后控制H桥路,大功率电源产生需要的高压给H桥路供电。H桥路上连接有发射线圈、配谐电容和双向二极管。发射线圈与配谐电容LC串联谐振,激发地下水产生核磁共振。发射40mS,停止发射后,回路中的剩余能量通过双向二极管释放。Transmission: The transmission and control unit generates a transmission square wave at the local Larmor frequency. After the square wave is driven, it controls the H-bridge circuit. The high-power power supply generates the required high voltage to supply power to the H-bridge circuit. The H-bridge is connected with a transmitting coil, a matching capacitor and a bidirectional diode. The transmitting coil and the matching capacitor LC resonate in series to excite groundwater to generate nuclear magnetic resonance. Transmit 40mS, after stop transmitting, the remaining energy in the loop is released through the bidirectional diode.
接收:高压继电器在发射时使接收线圈悬空,剩余能量释放完毕后高压继电器切换使接收线圈接入放大器,在发射及控制单元的控制下信号采集单元采集核磁共振信号。Reception: The high-voltage relay suspends the receiving coil when transmitting. After the remaining energy is released, the high-voltage relay switches to connect the receiving coil to the amplifier. Under the control of the transmitting and control unit, the signal acquisition unit collects nuclear magnetic resonance signals.
有益效果:现有核磁共振地下水探测系统的发射和接收是公用天线,公用天线需要在匝数、尺寸、线径、铺设方式等多个方面同时满足更多的约束,严重制约了核磁共振地下水探测方法的应用。本发明将发射天线和接收天线分离,使发射系统和接收系统能够相互独立。其优点是:一实现了发射和接收的高低压隔离,提高了系统的可靠性;二使发射天线和接收天线的匝数、尺寸、线径、铺设方式等多个方面不再相互制约,通过加大发射天线的线径能够实现更大功率的发射、通过采用小尺寸接收天线能够提高探测的横向分辨率、通过采用多匝线圈接收能够提高接收信号的幅度,增加探测深度、通过多天线同步采集能够成倍提高探测的速度、通过远端参考能够抵消干扰,提高信噪比、通过三分量测量能够获取更全面的地下水分布信息。提高了探测效率、精度和水平分辨率。Beneficial effects: The transmission and reception of the existing nuclear magnetic resonance groundwater detection system is a public antenna, and the public antenna needs to meet more constraints in terms of the number of turns, size, wire diameter, laying method, etc., which seriously restricts nuclear magnetic resonance groundwater detection application of the method. The invention separates the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, so that the transmitting system and the receiving system can be independent of each other. Its advantages are: first, it realizes the high and low voltage isolation of transmission and reception, which improves the reliability of the system; second, the number of turns, size, wire diameter, laying method and other aspects of the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna no longer restrict each other, through Enlarging the wire diameter of the transmitting antenna can achieve greater power transmission, the use of small-sized receiving antennas can improve the lateral resolution of detection, and the use of multi-turn coils can improve the amplitude of received signals, increase the detection depth, and synchronize multiple antennas Acquisition can double the speed of detection, offset interference through remote reference, improve signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain more comprehensive groundwater distribution information through three-component measurement. Improve detection efficiency, accuracy and horizontal resolution.
附图及附图说明Drawings and Description of Drawings
图1是收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置结构框图Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separate transceiver antennas
图2是附图1中大功率电源结构框图Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of high-power power supply in Fig. 1
图3是附图1中发射线圈回路连接关系图Fig. 3 is the connection diagram of the transmitting coil loop in accompanying drawing 1
图4是附图1中接收线圈结构框图Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of the receiving coil in accompanying drawing 1
图5是附图1中选频放大单元结构框图Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of the frequency selection amplifying unit in accompanying drawing 1
图6是附图1中信号采集单元结构框图Fig. 6 is a structural block diagram of the signal acquisition unit in accompanying drawing 1
图7是附图1中收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置野外工作时发射线圈、接收线圈铺设示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the laying of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil when the transmitting and receiving antenna separated nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device in Fig. 1 is working in the field.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例作进一步的详细说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment for further detailed description:
如图1所示,计算机通过串口与大功率电源、发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元、信号采集单元连接,发射及控制单元通过控制总线经H桥路与配谐电容、发射线圈和二极管链接,发射及控制单元经高压继电器和接收线圈与选频放大单元连接,发射及控制单元通过控制总线与电流采集单元、信号采集单元并联连接构成。As shown in Figure 1, the computer is connected to a high-power power supply, a transmitter and control unit, a current acquisition unit, a frequency selection amplifier unit, and a signal acquisition unit through a serial port. The coil is connected with the diode, the transmitting and control unit is connected with the frequency selection amplifying unit through the high-voltage relay and the receiving coil, and the transmitting and controlling unit is connected in parallel with the current acquisition unit and the signal acquisition unit through the control bus.
H桥路上连接有配谐电容、发射线圈和二极管,大功率电源为H桥路供电。A matching capacitor, a transmitting coil and a diode are connected to the H-bridge circuit, and a high-power power supply supplies power to the H-bridge circuit.
如图5所示,选频放大单元是由通讯模块经MCU和DDS时钟产生模块与开关电容滤波器连接,接收线圈经配谐电容选择、前置放大器、带通滤波和开关电容滤波器与程控增益模块连接构成。As shown in Figure 5, the frequency selection amplifying unit is connected by the communication module through the MCU and DDS clock generation module and the switched capacitor filter, and the receiving coil is controlled by the matching capacitor selection, preamplifier, bandpass filter and switched capacitor filter. Gain block connections constitute.
如图6所示,信号采集单元是由MCU经时钟控制与采集开始定时器、采集时间定时器、采样频率定时器连接,采样频率定时器与ADC连接,核磁共振信号经ADC、数据转换与MCU连接,时钟控制通过信号线分别与高精时钟、采集同步连接,MCU通过信号线分别与485通信、存储器连接构成。As shown in Figure 6, the signal acquisition unit is connected to the acquisition start timer, acquisition time timer, and sampling frequency timer by the MCU through the clock control, and the sampling frequency timer is connected to the ADC. Connection, the clock control is connected to the high-precision clock and acquisition synchronously through the signal line, and the MCU is connected to the 485 communication and the memory through the signal line.
收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置的找水方法,包括以下顺序和步骤工:The method for finding water of the separate-type NMR water finding device for transmitting and receiving antennas includes the following sequence and steps:
a、在一个地下条件未知的测区,首先利用磁力仪测量当地地磁场B0(nT),通过fL(Hz)=0.04258*B0(nT)换算出拉莫尔频率;a. In a survey area with unknown underground conditions, first use a magnetometer to measure the local geomagnetic field B 0 (nT), and convert the Larmor frequency by f L (Hz)=0.04258*B 0 (nT);
b、由拉莫尔频率和发射线圈电感计算选择发射配谐电容,设置发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元和信号采集单元所需要的控制参数;b. By the Larmor frequency and the inductance of the transmitting coil Calculate and select the emission matching capacitor, and set the control parameters required by the emission and control unit, current acquisition unit, frequency selection amplification unit and signal acquisition unit;
c、在测区铺设一个收发线圈,根据收发线圈的电感计算选频放大单元所需的配谐电容 c. Lay a transceiver coil in the survey area, and calculate the matching capacitance required by the frequency selection amplifier unit according to the inductance of the transceiver coil
d、运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置控制软件,开始数据采集;d. Run the control software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to start data collection;
e、数据采集完成后,运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置解释软件,反演得到地下水的含水量、孔隙大小、含水层的导电性等信息,绘制含水量柱状图,测量完毕。e. After the data collection is completed, run the interpretation software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to invert to obtain information such as groundwater water content, pore size, and conductivity of the aquifer, draw a water content histogram, and complete the measurement.
发射:发射及控制单元产生当地拉莫尔频率的发射方波,方波经过驱动后控制H桥路,大功率电源产生需要的高压给H桥路供电。H桥路上连接有发射线圈、配谐电容和双向二极管。发射线圈与配谐电容LC串联谐振,激发地下水产生核磁共振。发射40mS,停止发射后,回路中的剩余能量通过双向二极管释放。Transmission: The transmission and control unit generates a transmission square wave at the local Larmor frequency. After the square wave is driven, it controls the H-bridge circuit. The high-power power supply generates the required high voltage to supply power to the H-bridge circuit. The H-bridge is connected with a transmitting coil, a matching capacitor and a bidirectional diode. The transmitting coil and the matching capacitor LC resonate in series to excite groundwater to generate nuclear magnetic resonance. Transmit 40mS, after stop transmitting, the remaining energy in the loop is released through the bidirectional diode.
接收:高压继电器在发射时使接收线圈悬空,剩余能量释放完毕后高压继电器切换使接收线圈接入放大器,在发射及控制单元的控制下信号采集单元采集核磁共振信号。Reception: The high-voltage relay suspends the receiving coil when transmitting. After the remaining energy is released, the high-voltage relay switches to connect the receiving coil to the amplifier. Under the control of the transmitting and control unit, the signal acquisition unit collects nuclear magnetic resonance signals.
计算机通过串口进行通讯,速率为57600bit/s。The computer communicates through the serial port at a rate of 57600bit/s.
大功率电源在计算机和大功率电源MCU的控制下给大容量电容充电达到设置的电压值,给H桥路的IGBT供电。The high-power power supply charges the large-capacity capacitor to the set voltage value under the control of the computer and the high-power power supply MCU, and supplies power to the IGBT of the H-bridge circuit.
发射及控制单元产生发射波形、继电器切换信号、电流开始采集信号、信号开始采集控制信号。电流采集单元采集发射电流波形。The emission and control unit generates the emission waveform, the relay switching signal, the current acquisition signal, and the signal acquisition control signal. The current acquisition unit acquires the emission current waveform.
信号采集单元采集核磁共振信号波形,以32倍拉莫尔频率采集,AD利用24位∑Δ型AD7760,利用数字正交方法检测核磁共振信号包络。The signal acquisition unit collects the NMR signal waveform at 32 times the Larmor frequency. The AD uses 24-bit ΣΔ AD7760 to detect the NMR signal envelope using the digital quadrature method.
选频放大单元由核磁共振阻抗匹配网络、核磁共振前置放大器、LC选频放大器、工频陷波器和后级放大器组成。选频放大单元频率可以在1kHz-3kHz范围内调整,中心频率处放大倍数为40万倍。对核磁共振前置放大器和阻抗匹配网络的电源与后级放大电路的电源间加入一个高性能的电源滤波器,减少不同级放大电路产生的窜扰。The frequency-selective amplifying unit is composed of a nuclear magnetic resonance impedance matching network, a nuclear magnetic resonance preamplifier, an LC frequency-selective amplifier, a power frequency notch filter and a post-stage amplifier. The frequency of the frequency selection amplifier unit can be adjusted within the range of 1kHz-3kHz, and the amplification factor at the center frequency is 400,000 times. A high-performance power filter is added between the power supply of the nuclear magnetic resonance preamplifier and the impedance matching network and the power supply of the post-stage amplifying circuit to reduce the interference generated by different stages of amplifying circuits.
收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置野外具体工作方法:The field specific working method of the separated transceiver antenna nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device:
a、在一个地下条件未知的测区,首先利用磁力仪测量当地地磁场B0(nT),通过fL(Hz)=0.04258*B0(nT)换算出拉莫尔频率;a. In a survey area with unknown underground conditions, first use a magnetometer to measure the local geomagnetic field B 0 (nT), and convert the Larmor frequency by f L (Hz)=0.04258*B 0 (nT);
b、由拉莫尔频率和发射线圈电感L,计算选择发射配谐电容设置发射及控制单元、电流采集单元、选频放大单元和信号采集单元所需要的控制参数;b. According to the Larmor frequency and the inductance L of the transmitting coil, calculate and select the transmitting matching capacitor Set the control parameters required by the transmitter and control unit, the current acquisition unit, the frequency selection amplifier unit and the signal acquisition unit;
c、在测区铺设一个收发线圈,根据收发线圈的电感计算选频放大单元所需的配谐电容 c. Lay a transceiver coil in the survey area, and calculate the matching capacitance required by the frequency selection amplifier unit according to the inductance of the transceiver coil
d、运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置控制软件,开始数据采集;d. Run the control software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to start data collection;
e、集完成后,运行收发天线分离式核磁共振找水装置解释软件,反演得到地下水的含水量、孔隙大小、含水层的导电性等信息,绘制含水量柱状图,测量完毕。e. After the collection is completed, run the interpretation software of the nuclear magnetic resonance water finding device with separated transceiver antennas to invert to obtain information such as groundwater water content, pore size, and conductivity of the aquifer, and draw a water content histogram. The measurement is completed.
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